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    LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR

                     When we write programs using high-level languages like Python, Java, or C++ or even using assembly
                     language, these programs need to be understood by the computer. However, the computer doesn't
                     understand these languages directly. It only understands machine language, which consists of binary
                     code (0s and 1s). To make the program understandable to the computer, we need to use a special
                     kind of program called a translator.

                     There are three main types of translators used to convert high-level or assembly language programs
                     into machine language: assemblers, compilers and interpreters.

                          Assembler

                     An assembler is a program used to translate assembly language into machine language so that the
                     computer can understand it. The assembler enables the computer to convert the assembly language
                     instructions into machine code, i.e., 0’s and 1’s.

                          Compiler

                     A compiler is a program that converts the entire source program written in high-level language into

                     machine language before executing it. It converts the entire program into machine language at once.
                     It displays the errors for the whole program together.

                          Interpreter

                     An interpreter is also a separate program that converts the entire source program written in high-
                     level language into machine language before executing it. It translates and executes one statement
                     at a time. It reads a code statement, converts it to one or more machine language instructions and

                     then executes them. It displays the errors one line at a time and it goes to the next line only after the
                     error is corrected.
                     Each of these translators plays a crucial role in making sure that the programs we write in languages
                     that are easier for humans to understand can be translated into a language the computer can process

                     and execute.

                            WORKING OF LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS

                     The programs written in a high-level language or assembly language must be translated into machine
                     language by using a translator called an assembler, compiler and interpreter.

                                3 × 2 = 6                                                      Machine Code (00110)

                                                    Input                            Output
                         High-level Language or                    Language                          Machine
                           Assembly Language                      Translator                         Language

                                                                                            Introduction to Programming  65

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