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    Bandwidth

                     The capability of a transmission  medium  to  transmit  the maximum  amount  of data  from one
                     computer  to another over  a computer  network in a given amount  of time  is called  bandwidth.
                     A bandwidth is generally in bits per second (bps) or Bytes per second (Bps), Kilobytes per second

                     (Kbps) and Megabytes  per second  (Mbps). There can be  various  types  of bandwidths  which are
                     network bandwidth, data bandwidth or digital bandwidth.

                             Let’s CatCh uP

                       Write the names of any four network terminologies.
                       1.  _______________________                    2.  _______________________

                       3. _______________________                     4. _______________________

                            DEVICES REQUIRED FOR A NETWORK

                     There are various types of devices such as Network Interface Card (NIC), Hub, Switch, Router, Modem,
                     Network Cable and Gateway. Let us discuss about these in detail.

                          Network Interface Card (NIC)

                     It is an expansion card which provides the network access to a computer. It allows
                     the computer to connect to a network through a wired or wireless medium.

                                                       Hub or Switch                                 Network Interface Card
                                                 It is hardware device that has various boxes to which the computers,
                                                 printers and other networking devices are connected. The main function

                                                 of a hub  is  to  direct  information  around  the  network  and  facilitate
                           Hub or Switch
                                                 communication between all the connected devices.
                          Router

                     It is a networking device used to connect and facilitate transfer of data
                     in the  form of packets  between  two  network.  It finds best  route  for
                     data packets over the network. It is located at the gateways where two
                     networks connect.

                                        Modem                                                              Router

                                   It stands  for MODULATOR–DEMODULATOR.  It is  a hardware device  that  allows a
                                   computer to send and receive data over a telephone line. It converts data from digital
                                   to analog and vice versa. The process of converting digital signals to analog signals is
                                   called modulation. The process of converting analog signals to digital signals is called
                      Modem        demodulation.

                                                                                                  Computer Networking  11

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