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    Binary Number System
                     The word binary comes from 'Bi' meaning two. We see 'bi' in words such as ‘bicycle‘ (two wheels) or
                     ‘binocular’ (two eyes). The binary numbers have the base of 2.

                                                               Tech Fact

                        A single binary digit (like '0' or ‘1’) is called a ‘bit’. For example, 11010 is five bits long. The word
                                                 bit is made up from the words 'binary digit’.

                     A computer is a machine made up of transistors, switches and other components. All these electronic
                     components are in two mutually exclusive states, either ON or OFF. The two binary digits represent
                     these two states. Every instruction given to a computer is converted into 0’s and 1’s so that it can be
                     understood and implemented by the computer. Binary language is therefore known as the machine
                     language.

                     A binary number is made up of only 0s and 1s.
                     Example of Binary Number: 110100
                     There is no 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 in Binary!

                                           Name      Size (bits)              Examples

                                         Bit              1       Single digit either 0 or 1

                                         Nibble           4       Group of 4 digits either 0 or 1

                                         Byte             8       Group of 8 digits either 0 or 1

                                         Word            16       Group of 16 digits either 0 or 1

                                                               Tech Fact
                            If the last digit of a binary number is 1, the number is odd; if it is 0, the number is even.
                                                                For Example:

                                                     1101 represents an odd number (13)

                                                   10010 represents an even number (18)

                     Let us first learn how to form binary numbers.

                     As the binary number system consists of two digits 0 and 1 hence, its base is 2. Each digit or bit in
                     binary number system can be 0 or 1. A combination of binary digits may be used to represent different
                     quantities like 1001. The positional value of each digit in binary number is twice the place value or face
                     value of the digit of its right side. The weight of each position is a power of 2.

                                                                                                      Number System    9

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