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    Ring topology: In this topology, each device is connected
                         to two other devices, forming a circular pathway for data
                         transmission.  It allows high-speed  data  transfer  and is
                         inexpensive  to  install, but  the failure of a single node in
                         the network can cause the entire network to stop working.
                         Troubleshooting is difficult, ans is considered a less secure
                         topology.

                                                                    Mesh topology: In  this topology,  every device is
                                                                   connected  to  all other  devices  in  the  network.  This
                                                                   topology provides multiple paths to connect devices
                                                                   ensuring high redundancy, consistency and security.
                                                                   Even if  one path  fails, data  can travel through an
                                                                   alternative route.

                          Tree topology: This topology looks similar to a tree. It begins with one computer or device
                         at the top, known as the root. From the root, other computers or devices are connected like
                         branches. Each device is connected through one clear path that allows smooth and organised
                         data transmission.

                          Hybrid topology: This type of network topology is formed by combining two or more different
                         types of network topologies such as Bus, Star, Ring or Mesh, within the same network.

                                                                                                           Ring
                          Star
                        Topology                                                                         Topology
                                      Hub

                                                                           Bus Topology

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