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    Absolute References

                      If you wish to maintain the original references as they were, then you should make use of the absolute
                      references. If you want to make the formula retain the original reference when it is copied, then you
                      should precede the column reference and the row reference with a dollar ($) symbol.

                      For example, if you want to give a discount of 10% on each product, then the discount will remain the
                      same for all the products. To calculate the amount to be paid, you should add the dollar ($) sign to
                      the cell that contains the discount percentage. In this case, the discount percentage is given in cell
                      D3. Hence, the formula will be =((B3*C3)-((B3*C3)*($D$3))).
                      When you copy the formula to the next cell, the address of the cell D3 will remain the same as shown:

                      Mixed References

                      A mixed reference is a reference that refers to a specific row or column. It is basically a combination
                      of relative and absolute references. In some situations, you may need to make the cell reference as a
                      ‘Mixed’ reference so that you can lock either a column or a row by preceding it with a Dollar ($) symbol.
                      For example, $A1 or A$1.

                                       Pressing the F4 key repeatedly over a reference cell name in the
                                        formula allows you to make the reference a relative reference,
                                      absolute reference or mixed reference by switching between them.

                      References to Other Worksheets

                      You can refer to cells in other worksheets within the same workbook just as easily as you refer to
                      cells in the same worksheet.
                      For example, to enter a reference of cell A2 in Sheet2 into cell A1 in Sheet1, follow the given steps:

                       Step 1   Select cell A1 in Sheet1, and type an equal (=) sign.
                       Step 2   Click the Sheet2 tab.
                       Step 3    Click cell A2, and then press the Enter key. When you press the Enter key, Sheet1 is now
                                active.

                       Step 4   Select cell A1, and you will see that it contains the formula = Sheet2!A2.

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