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The various types of pollution are summarised in Table.

              Types of Pollution

                        Factors               Land Pollution            Water Pollution            Air Pollution

               What it is?                  • Damage to the land      • Adding harmful           • Addition of harmful
                                            because of harmful        substances and disease    gases and particles
                                            substances is known as    causing bacteria and      in air results in air
                                            land pollution.           other microorganisms      pollution.
                                                                      to rivers, lakes, and
                                                                      oceans results in water
                                                                      pollution.


               What happens because  • Diseases, such as              • Diseases, such as        • Heart and breathing
               of this pollution?           dysentery, cholera and    dysentery, diarrhoea,     problems and cancers
                                            typhoid                   jaundice, typhoid, etc.    • Climate change
                                            • Less land is available     • Local earnings, like
                                            for use of forests, farms   tourism, fishing etc. are
                                            or homes                  adversely affected
                                                                      • Less drinking water

               Why does it happen?          • Cutting down forests    • Throwing waste in        • Burning of fuels
                                            • Harmful pesticides and   water                     • Smoke from traffic
                                            fertilisers               • Leakage from sewer       • Burning waste and
                                            • Mining and heavy        lines                     remains of crops
                                            construction              • Release of waste water     • Pesticides and
                                            • Release of sewage,      from houses, farms and    fertilisers
                                            toilet waste, waste       factories                  • Smoke from factories
                                            from houses/factories,     • Accidental oil leakage     • Dust from construction
                                            and chemical waste        from ships


               How to prevent it?           • Reduce waste            • Do not throw waste       • Use renewable sources
                                            • Segregate (separate)    into water bodies         of energy
                                            waste products            • Do not throw             • Avoid polluting
                                            • Plant trees             chemicals, medicines,     vehicles
                                            • Adopt natural and       oils, etc., in drains      • Stop others from
                                            organic farming           • Avoid using pesticides   burning waste and
                                            methods                   and fertilisers           left-over crops
                                            • Use biodegradable       • Ensure proper            • Avoid pesticides and
                                            items                     treatment of sewage       fertilisers which release
                                                                      and factory waste         harmful gases
                                                                      • Use water wisely


              Climate Change
              Global warming refers to the increase in the average  temperature of the Earth's atmosphere mainly due to
              greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, CFC's) produced by a lot of human activities. It has resulted in melting of
              glaciers, rising sea level and intense heat waves all across the globe. It is one of the major environmental issues, as
              it creates an ecological imbalance and has become a reason for the extinction of many plant and animal species.

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