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The various types of pollution are summarised in Table.
Types of Pollution
Factors Land Pollution Water Pollution Air Pollution
What it is? • Damage to the land • Adding harmful • Addition of harmful
because of harmful substances and disease gases and particles
substances is known as causing bacteria and in air results in air
land pollution. other microorganisms pollution.
to rivers, lakes, and
oceans results in water
pollution.
What happens because • Diseases, such as • Diseases, such as • Heart and breathing
of this pollution? dysentery, cholera and dysentery, diarrhoea, problems and cancers
typhoid jaundice, typhoid, etc. • Climate change
• Less land is available • Local earnings, like
for use of forests, farms tourism, fishing etc. are
or homes adversely affected
• Less drinking water
Why does it happen? • Cutting down forests • Throwing waste in • Burning of fuels
• Harmful pesticides and water • Smoke from traffic
fertilisers • Leakage from sewer • Burning waste and
• Mining and heavy lines remains of crops
construction • Release of waste water • Pesticides and
• Release of sewage, from houses, farms and fertilisers
toilet waste, waste factories • Smoke from factories
from houses/factories, • Accidental oil leakage • Dust from construction
and chemical waste from ships
How to prevent it? • Reduce waste • Do not throw waste • Use renewable sources
• Segregate (separate) into water bodies of energy
waste products • Do not throw • Avoid polluting
• Plant trees chemicals, medicines, vehicles
• Adopt natural and oils, etc., in drains • Stop others from
organic farming • Avoid using pesticides burning waste and
methods and fertilisers left-over crops
• Use biodegradable • Ensure proper • Avoid pesticides and
items treatment of sewage fertilisers which release
and factory waste harmful gases
• Use water wisely
Climate Change
Global warming refers to the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere mainly due to
greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, CFC's) produced by a lot of human activities. It has resulted in melting of
glaciers, rising sea level and intense heat waves all across the globe. It is one of the major environmental issues, as
it creates an ecological imbalance and has become a reason for the extinction of many plant and animal species.
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