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• Using alternate sources of energy: There are many alternate sources of energy that can be utilised for different
purposes:
Wind Energy
Geothermal Energy
Solar Energy
Nuclear Energy
Tidal Energy
Biofuels and Biomass Energy
• Using energy efficiently: This is an important factor for environmental protection, financial benefits for
individuals and for the country as a whole. Following the method given below will be a great help in the
consumption of energy efficiently:
Using maximum daylight, CFLs, turning off electrical appliances when not in use.
Using energy efficient appliances at home and in offices. It consumes less energy and saves more money.
Using public transport, carpooling, driving less, and walking more or using a bicycle for small distances.
Keeping the doors closed for efficient use of air conditioners.
• Creating awareness among people: If we create awareness among our people, then half of the battle in
conserving energy is won. This awareness can be brought by:
Educating people for efficient use of energy at homes and in offices.
Supporting campaigns and government initiatives for consumption of alternate sources of energy.
Going for Reduce, Recycle, Repurpose, Refuse and Reuse of the available resources.
Food Conservation
Natural Resources used as food for the living organisms are called Food Resources. Conservation of food resources
will help retain the nutritional value of food and avoid its wastage. It serves to feed mankind in times of adverse
conditions like war, natural calamity, food shortage due to climatic change, etc.
The given methods for conserving food are used at different stages of food transfer from producer to consumer
level:
• Cooling: Certain varieties of food can be refrigerated, while others can be frozen to stop the growth of harmful
microorganisms like bacteria, mould, fungi, etc. on the food, thus preventing it from being unfit for consumption.
• Heating: Microorganisms are destroyed by heat at specific temperature. This process includes pasteurisation,
cooking, and sterilisation.
• Removing moisture from food: This will hinder the growth of microorganisms on food by drying, salting,
pickling, sugaring, and smoking food.
• Use of preservatives: Food preservatives like Sodium Benzoate, Parabens, Formaldehyde, etc. are used to
increase the shelf life of food items by keeping it fresh for a long time.
Forest Conservation
Forest is an important renewable resource and is made up of living and non-living components. It has plants in
the form of trees, shrubs, climbers, grasses, and herbs. It provides us food, fodder, fibre, fruits, and fuel. It also
regulates the temperature of a place and helps in conservation of soil.
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