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Searching for information
Do the steps below to search for information on the Internet.
Step 1 Open an Internet browser.
Step 2 Type the topic, on which you want information, in the search box and hit the Enter key.
Step 3 The search results having the required information will be displayed.
Protocols
Protocols are a set of rules and standards that define how data is exchanged and transmitted over a network.
They establish guidelines that enable devices and systems to communicate effectively with each other. Protocols
govern various aspects of communication, including the format of data packets, error handling, authentication,
and encryption.
Some of the important protocols are discussed below:
• SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): SMTP is a protocol used for sending and receiving email. It handles
the transmission of emails between servers and is responsible for the reliable and efficient delivery of emails
over the Internet.
• TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): TCP/IP is the foundational protocol suite of the
Internet. It consists of two main protocols, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol). TCP
ensures reliable delivery of data packets between devices on a network by establishing a connection-oriented
session and managing packet sequencing and acknowledgment. It is a unique logical address of a device that
helps identify a device at the time of sending and receiving data in a Network. It is made up of numbers or
characters. Remembering these numeric values to access a specific website is a difficult task, so these numbers
are given sensible textual names called web addresses.
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol): FTP is a standard network protocol used for transferring files between a client and
a server on a computer network. It provides a simple way to upload and download files from one computer to
another over the Internet.
• HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure): HTTPS is an extension of HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
that adds a layer of security using SSL/TLS encryption. It ensures that data transmitted between a web browser
and a web server remains private and integral. HTTPS is commonly used for secure communication over the
Internet, particularly for sensitive transactions such as online banking, e-commerce, and accessing confidential
information.
These protocols play critical roles in facilitating different types of communication and data transfer over the
Internet, each addressing specific needs related to email transmission, network communication, file sharing, and
secure web browsing.
Terminologies of the Internet
Some of the important terms related to the Internet are:
• Online: Going online means connecting your device to the Internet.
• Hyperlink/HyperText/Link: When a move pointer hovers over a word, text or graphics, it changes to a small
hand and when clicked it opens a webpage or a website. It serves as a link for connecting many web documents
to simplify the process of web browsing.
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