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Task #Experiential Learning
About the Game
A deck containing 52 cards is grouped into four suite has clubs, diamonds, hearts, and spades. Each of
the suite has 13 cards each, which sum up to 52.
Game Structure
Find the probability of drawing a heart from a standard deck of 52 cards?
What is the probability of drawing a spade or diamond from a standard deck of 52 cards?
When discussing probability, we often rely on specific terms to describe the likelihood of events occurring. Let
us discuss the specific terms in detail.
Certain Events
These events are guaranteed to happen; there is no doubt about their occurrence. It will have a probability of 1.
For example:
• If you flip a fair coin, the probability of it landing heads up or tails up is certain, as one of these outcomes is
guaranteed.
• The occurrence of sunrise and sunset each day is certain.
• When you click a light switch, the light bulb will either turn on or off.
• The act of inhaling and exhaling is certain as long as a person is alive.
• Time consistently moves forward, and each passing moment is certain.
• The beating of the heart is a certain event, as long as a person is alive.
• If it is Sunday today, it is certain, tomorrow is going to be a Monday.
Likely Events
These events have a higher probability of occurring as compared to other events. For example:
• If you roll a fair six-sided die, the likelihood of rolling a number greater than 2 (3, 4, 5, or 6) is higher than rolling
a number less than or equal to 2 (1, or 2).
• If you visit a store known for carrying a wide variety of brands, it’s likely that you’ll find your favourite brand
among their products.
• If you study well for an exam, you’re more likely to pass with good grades.
• If you buy many raffle tickets compared to others, you’re more likely to win a prize.
Unlikely Events
These events have a lower probability of occurring compared to other events. For example,
• If you randomly select a card from a standard deck, the probability of drawing an ace of spades is lower compared
to drawing a card of a different suit.
• Observing a shooting star in the night sky is an unlikely event compared to seeing regular stars.
Maths for AI (Statistics & Probability) 305

