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• Terrace Farming: It is a method of cultivation of crops especially rice in hilly areas. In this method, the sloppy
                   land is carved into steps for planting crops. Each step has a mud barrier to prevent the washing away of soil
                   nutrients by the rain water. It also helps in reducing water loss and soil erosion.
                    • Changing Agricultural Practices: Retaining soil nutrients and preventing soil erosion can be done by following
                   changed agricultural practices like:



















                  ‘   Crop Rotation: It is the system of cultivating different varieties of crops on the same piece of land across different
                     seasons. This helps to conserve soil fertility as different crops have different requirements of soil nutrients.

                  ‘   Contour Ploughing: In this method, the soil is ploughed along the contour to decrease the soil runoff. By
                     growing the crops in a contour pattern, plants can absorb more rain water and thus minimise the soil erosion.

                  ‘   No-Till Farming: It is a method of growing crops without tilling the soil. This practice will not disturb the top
                     layer of soil and the last crop present in the top layer will be decomposed fast which helps in maintaining the
                     soil nutrients and preventing soil erosion.
                    • Wind Breaks: Dense rows of tall evergreen trees are planted around the boundaries of farm. This reduces wind
                   pressure and helps in preventing soil erosion due to wind and rain water.
                    • Salinity Management: The water, after evaporating from the soil, leaves behind salt. It is generally seen in the areas
                   near sea, lakes, oceans and in weathering of rocks. It affects soil fertility and reduces absorption of water by plant.
                   Using humic acids can prevent this or growing crops like saltbush can rejuvenate soil and replenish lost nutrients.
                    • Earthworms: Earthworms are considered as best friends of farmers. By introducing more earthworms, we can
                   increase the fertility of soil. They eat up the soil and fungi present in it due to no-till farming, digest the organic
                   matter present in it and excrete wastes full of plant nutrients known as worm cast which makes soil fertile. They
                   aerate the soil by making burrows.
                    • Stream Bank Protection: During the rainy season or floods, the vegetative cover of the stream bank is often
                   washed away into the stream, leading to soil erosion. This can be prevented by forming vegetation, constructing
                   rock ripraps, planting trees, and growing native grasses and shrubs along a stream bank.


                 Energy Conservation
                 Energy conservation involves preserving of non-renewable
                 resources like coal, oil, and natural gas by using it judiciously
                 and reducing its wastage, so that it can be preserved for
                 the  generations  to come. Increase in the  consumption
                 of oil and natural gas has lead to an increase in the level
                 of carbon dioxide causing change in climatic conditions.
                 There are different ways to conserve energy:






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