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• Using alternate sources of energy: There are many alternate sources of energy that can be utilised for different
                purposes:
                ‘   Wind Energy

                ‘   Geothermal Energy
                ‘   Solar Energy
                ‘   Nuclear Energy

                ‘   Tidal Energy
                ‘   Biofuels and Biomass Energy
                 • Using  energy efficiently: This is an  important  factor  for  environmental  protection,  financial  benefits for
                individuals and for the country as a whole.  Following the method given below will be a great help in the
                consumption of energy efficiently:
                ‘   Using maximum daylight, CFLs, turning off electrical appliances when not in use.

                ‘   Using energy efficient appliances at home and in offices. It consumes less energy and saves more money.
                ‘   Using public transport, carpooling, driving less, and walking more or using a bicycle for small distances.
                ‘   Keeping the doors closed for efficient use of air conditioners.
                 • Creating awareness  among  people: If we create awareness  among our people, then half of the battle in
                conserving energy is won. This awareness can be brought by:

                ‘   Educating people for efficient use of energy at homes and in offices.
                ‘   Supporting campaigns and government initiatives for consumption of alternate sources of energy.
                ‘   Going for Reduce, Recycle, Repurpose, Refuse and Reuse of the available resources.


              Food Conservation
              Natural Resources used as food for the living organisms are called Food Resources. Conservation of food resources
              will help retain the nutritional value of food and avoid its wastage. It serves to feed mankind in times of adverse
              conditions like war, natural calamity, food shortage due to climatic change, etc.

              The given methods for conserving food are used at different stages of food transfer from producer to consumer
              level:
                 • Cooling: Certain varieties of food can be refrigerated, while others can be frozen to stop the growth of harmful
                microorganisms like bacteria, mould, fungi, etc. on the food, thus preventing it from being unfit for consumption.
                 • Heating: Microorganisms are destroyed by heat at specific temperature. This process includes pasteurisation,
                cooking, and sterilisation.
                 • Removing moisture from food: This will hinder the growth of microorganisms on food by drying, salting,
                pickling, sugaring, and smoking food.

                 • Use of preservatives: Food preservatives like Sodium Benzoate, Parabens,  Formaldehyde, etc. are used to
                increase the shelf life of food items by keeping it fresh for a long time.


              Forest Conservation
              Forest is an important renewable resource and is made up of living and non-living components. It has plants in
              the form of trees, shrubs, climbers, grasses, and herbs. It provides us food, fodder, fibre, fruits, and fuel. It also
              regulates the temperature of a place and helps in conservation of soil.





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