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• HTML (HyperText Markup Language): HTML is the standard markup language for creating web pages. It
structures content using tags and elements, defining the layout and appearance of web pages in conjunction
with CSS and JavaScript.
• Website: Collection of related web pages that can be accessed by a unique web address or URL. A website is
owned either by an individual or any organisation and can be hosted on a World Wide Web.
• Homepage: The first page displayed when you visit a website is called a homepage. It generally contains the
hyperlinks for the other webpages.
• ISP (Internet Service Provider): An ISP is a company that provides individuals and organisations access to the
internet. ISPs offer various services such as internet access, domain registration, web hosting, and email services.
• Web address/URL (Uniform Resource Locator): It is the address of the web file located on a web server that
can be accessed using any web browser on the Internet. It is similar to the address we write on an envelope. URL is
translated into a numeric address using the domain name system. For example: https://www.orangeeducation.in/
• Cookies: Cookies are small pieces of data stored on a user's device by websites they visit. They are used to
remember information about the user, such as login status, preferences, and tracking information for personalised
experiences and analytics.
• DNS (Domain Name System): It is a phonebook of the Internet that translates each URL into its corresponding
IP address. Each device connected to the Internet has a unique IP address. Since it is difficult to memorise IP
addresses, so for convenience the alphanumeric address is used for naming the websites. When we type the
alphanumeric address in the address bar of the web browser, then, the DNS translates it into an IP address and
requests the web server to locate the specified file on its site.
Some common Top-Level Domains are as follows:
Abbreviations Used to Denote Abbreviations Used to Denote
.com Commercial firms .net ISP’s/Networks
Non-Government/Non-Profit
.edu Universities/Educational firms .org
Organisations
.gov Government Bodies/Organisations .co National and Multinational Companies
.mil Military Organisations .int International Organisations
In DNS, codes of countries can also be included. The code comprises of two letters. Some common codes of
certain countries are:
Code Denotes the Country Code Denotes the Country
.au Australia .in India
.uk United Kingdom .us United States of America
.jp Japan .nz New Zealand
.fr France
ICT Skills-I 103

