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• Goal 10—Reduced Inequalities: This goal ensures equality and prosperity to all irrespective of gender, race,
religion, or economic status by improving and monitoring global financial markets for the financial and social
progress of all people in all nations.
Inequalities based on income, sex, age, disability, race, religion, and opportunity will slow down the process of
social and economic development of the society. Greater efforts at all levels are needed to educate people which
in turn will reduce inequalities, poverty, and hunger. To reduce inequalities, we can be helpful to one another, be
friendly with everyone, include everyone while working or playing, help others by including everyone whether
they are small or big, girl or boy, belong to any class or caste.
For example, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act aims to prevent atrocities
against marginalised communities and promote equality by ensuring legal protection and rights for Scheduled
Castes and Scheduled Tribes in India.
• Goal 11—Sustainable Cities and Communities: This goal ensures in providing adequate, safe, sustainable and
affordable housing, and basic services and upgrading slums, and affordable transport systems with improved
road safety by building modern cities with green and clean-living conditions.
For our societies and countries to prosper at present and in future we all need to have cleaner, greener, and
modern sustainable cities. For creating sustainable cities, we need to save energy by switching off lights and fans
when not in use, use natural light as much as possible, use energy-efficient lights (LED bulbs) and appliances.
For example, Smart Cities Mission aims to develop 100 cities across India with core infrastructure, sustainable
environment, and smart solutions to improve quality of life and promote sustainable urban development.
• Goal 12—Responsible Consumption and Production: This goal ensures responsible consumption and
production by all nations for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature.
Responsible consumers are conscious of their consumption habits and contribute to a more positive impact on
society and the environment from the producers of goods and services. Producers should go for the production
of goods with negative environmental impacts such as soil, water, greenhouse gas emissions and degradation
of ecosystems.
We can become responsible for our environment by reusing paper, glass, plastic, water etc., taking cloth bags to
the market carrying fruits and vegetables, donating things we do not use such as clothes books, furniture, food,
etc., buying and eating seasonal fruits and vegetables from local growers, repairing leaking taps and pipes to
avoid washing water, sorting and treating garbage before disposing.
For example, Swachh Bharat Mission (Clean India Mission) focuses on improving sanitation and promoting
cleanliness across rural and urban India, contributing to sustainable consumption and production patterns.
• Goal 13—Climate Action: This goal requires immediate action to save our climate from drastic changes through
education, innovation, and participation by all nations to protect the planet.
It aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which helps slow down global warming and its harmful effects
like extreme weather and rising sea levels. By promoting renewable energy and sustainable practices, this
goal supports cleaner air and water, improving public health. Climate action also fosters innovation in green
technologies, creating new jobs and economic opportunities. Additionally, it encourages global cooperation to
protect ecosystems and biodiversity, ensuring a more resilient planet for future generations.
For example, National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) sets out India’s strategy to address climate
change through mitigation and adaptation measures, including promoting renewable energy and enhancing
resilience to climate impacts.
• Goal 14—Life below Water: This goal focuses on protecting life underwater by eliminating pollution, overfishing,
and illegal fishing practices to achieve healthy and productive oceans.
Oceans, seas, and rivers are home to more than 2 million estimated species. These underwater species provide
life support and regulate our climatic conditions. We all need to conserve and consciously use the world’s
oceans, seas, and marine resources to make them sustainable for present and future generations.
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