Page 367 - AI Ver 3.0 class 10_Flipbook
P. 367
UNIT 6.1
NATURAL LANGUAGE
PROCESSING (THEORY)
Learning Outcomes
• What is Natural Language? • What is NLP?
• Stages of Natural Language Processing (NLP) • Chatbots
• Text Processing • Techniques of Natural Language Processing
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a powerful technology that helps machines act like humans. It allows them to do
tasks that usually need human thinking. AI works in many areas, like image recognition, robotic control, and
decision-making. One important domain of AI is Natural Language Processing (NLP), which helps machines
understand and use human language.
AI uses advanced techniques like machine learning and deep learning to find patterns, make decisions, and solve
problems. In NLP, AI enables machines the ability to handle complex language, including semantics (meanings),
context, and structure.
What is Natural Language?
Natural language refers to the language humans use to communicate with one another, such as English, Spanish,
French, Japanese, Mandarin, and many others. These languages develop naturally over time and are used for
everyday communication, unlike artificial languages such as programming languages or mathematical notations.
Rules that Govern Different Languages
Languages are governed by structured rules, including grammar, syntax, and phonetics, that define their unique
patterns and usage. These rules ensure clear communication and maintain consistency across speaking, writing,
and comprehension. Some of the rules governing different languages are as follows:
• Syntax: This refers to the rules that govern the structure of sentences in a language. It dictates how words and
phrases should be arranged to make sense. For example, in English, a typical sentence follows the structure:
Subject + Verb + Object (e.g., “John (subject) eats (verb) an apple (object)”). If the syntax is incorrect, the
sentence can become confusing or meaningless.
• Lexicon refers to the complete set of words and their meanings in a particular language. It’s like a “dictionary”
that contains all the vocabulary used by people to communicate. For example, words like “book,” “eat,” “fast,”
“run” are part of the English lexicon. These are basic words that people use every day to communicate.
Natural Language Processing (Theory) 365

