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1. How does a utility-based ethical framework in AI evaluate actions?
2. How can AI developers ensure they follow rights-based ethical framework during the design
of an AI system?
Exploring Bioethics
Bioethics is an ethical framework that addresses complex moral dilemmas in healthcare, medicine, and the
biological sciences. It integrates principles from multiple disciplines, including medicine, law, philosophy, and
sociology, to guide ethical decision-making. The primary goal of bioethics is to ensure that healthcare decisions
are made fairly, respect individual rights, and protect human dignity.
For example, in cases such as organ transplant or end-of-life care, bioethics provides a framework to ensure that
decisions are compassionate, just, and equitable. By fostering trust, fairness, and respect, bioethics enhances the
quality of care and upholds societal values in healthcare.
Principles of Bioethics
The principles of bioethics are foundational guidelines that help address moral and ethical dilemmas in
healthcare, medical research, and biological sciences. These principles ensure fairness, respect, and accountability
in decision-making. The four primary principles of bioethics are:
Principles of Bioethics
Respect of Beneficence Non-Maleficence
Justice
Autonomy (Maximum Benefits) (Do Not Harm)
The description of these principles are as follows:
• Respect of Autonomy: Autonomy emphasises the importance of respecting an individual's right to make
decisions about their own body and life. It values informed consent, personal choice, and self-determination.
For example, a patient has the right to accept or refuse a medical procedure after understanding its risks and
benefits.
• Beneficence (Maximum Benefits): It involves promoting the well-being and welfare of an individual or society.
In other words, it means acting in ways that support the best interests of others. In healthcare, beneficence
requires professionals to act in the best interest of their patients by promoting well-being and taking positive
actions to prevent harm.
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