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                    1.  How does a utility-based ethical framework in AI evaluate actions?





                    2.   How can AI developers ensure they follow rights-based ethical framework during the design
                       of an AI system?








                       Exploring Bioethics


              Bioethics  is  an  ethical  framework  that  addresses  complex  moral  dilemmas  in  healthcare,  medicine,  and  the
              biological sciences. It integrates principles from multiple disciplines, including medicine, law, philosophy, and
              sociology, to guide ethical decision-making. The primary goal of bioethics is to ensure that healthcare decisions
              are made fairly, respect individual rights, and protect human dignity.
              For example, in cases such as organ transplant or end-of-life care, bioethics provides a framework to ensure that
              decisions are compassionate, just, and equitable. By fostering trust, fairness, and respect, bioethics enhances the
              quality of care and upholds societal values in healthcare.
              Principles of Bioethics


              The  principles  of  bioethics  are  foundational  guidelines  that  help  address  moral  and  ethical  dilemmas  in
              healthcare, medical research, and biological sciences. These principles ensure fairness, respect, and accountability
              in decision-making. The four primary principles of bioethics are:


                                                        Principles of Bioethics



                          Respect of           Beneficence           Non-Maleficence
                                                                                                  Justice
                          Autonomy          (Maximum Benefits)        (Do Not Harm)

              The description of these principles are as follows:
                 • Respect of Autonomy: Autonomy emphasises  the importance of respecting an individual's right to make
                 decisions about their own body and life. It values informed consent, personal choice, and self-determination.
                 For example, a patient has the right to accept or refuse a medical procedure after understanding its risks and
                 benefits.
                 • Beneficence (Maximum Benefits): It involves promoting the well-being and welfare of an individual or society.
                 In other words, it means acting in ways that support the best interests of others. In healthcare, beneficence
                 requires professionals to act in the best interest of their patients by promoting well-being and taking positive
                 actions to prevent harm.

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