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Orange Data Mining Tool


                 Orange is a powerful, open-source data visualization and analysis tool, widely used in data mining and Machine Learning.
                 It provides a user-friendly, drag-and-drop interface, making it easy for users to analyse data and create workflows
                 without coding. Orange supports tasks like data preprocessing, clustering, classification, regression, and evaluation.

                 CASE STUDY: Classification Model: Coral Bleaching

                 The purpose of developing a classification model for early identification of coral bleaching to safeguard marine
                 ecosystems.
                 What Are Coral Reefs?
                 Coral reefs are large underwater structures made up of the skeletons of tiny marine animals called coral polyps.
                 These  polyps  belong  to  the  group  of  animals  known  as  cnidarians  and  form  symbiotic  relationships  with
                 algae called zooxanthellae. The algae live within the coral tissue and provide the corals with food through
                 photosynthesis, giving them their vibrant colours.
                 Coral reefs are often referred to as the "rainforests of the sea" because they are one of the most biodiverse
                 ecosystems  on  Earth,  supporting  a  wide  variety  of  marine  life  such  as  fish,  crustaceans,  mollusks,  and  other
                 organisms. They are found in shallow, warm, and clear tropical waters, typically in regions like the Great Barrier
                 Reef in Australia, the Caribbean, and the Indian Ocean.
                 What Causes Coral Bleaching?
                 Coral bleaching occurs when corals experience stress due to changes in their environment, causing them to expel
                 the zooxanthellae algae from their tissues. Since the algae provide most of the corals' energy and their vibrant
                 colour, the corals turn white (hence the term "bleaching") and become more vulnerable to disease and death.

                                                WHAT CAUSES              Change in ocean tem-
                                                                         perature Increased ocean
                                                CORAL BLEACHING ?        temperature caused by   Overexposure to sunlight When
                                                                         climate change is the
                                                                         leading cause of coral
                                                                                 temperatures are high, high
                                                When corals are stressed by changes in conditions such as   bleaching.  solar irradiance contributes to
                                                temperature, light, or nutrients, they expel the symbiotic algae   bleaching in shallow-water
                                                living in their tissues, causing them to turn completely white.
                                                                                 corals.
                                                    HEALTHY CORAL  STRESSED CORAL  BLEACHED CORAL  BLEACHED CORAL

                                                   Corals have a symbiotic   When the symbiotic   Coral is left bleached and   The coral soon starves or
                                                   relationship with micro-  relationship becomes   vulnerable. Without the   becomes diseased.soon
                                                   scopic algae called   stressed due to increased   algae, the coral loses its   afterwards,the tissues of
                                                   zooxanthellae that live in   ocean temperature or   major source of food,   the coral disappear and
                                                   their tissues.   pollution, the algae leave   turns white or very pale,   the exposed skeleton gets
                                                             the coral's tissue.   and is more susceptible to   covered with algae.
                                                                      disease.
                 Building a Classification Model
                 The stages to build a classification model for Coral Bleaching are as follows:
                  Stage 1   Problem Scoping

                 Coral bleaching occurs when corals lose their vibrant colours and turn white. However, there is much more to this
                 phenomenon. The primary cause of coral bleaching is climate change.
                 Coral bleaching is significant because once corals die, reef ecosystems rarely recover. With fewer surviving corals,
                 reproduction becomes difficult, leading to the deterioration of entire reef ecosystems, which are vital for both people
                 and wildlife. Early detection of coral bleaching can help mitigate global disasters and protect marine ecosystems.
                 Do you believe that such projects help raise awareness about global issues and inspire you to think of innovative
                 solutions to address them?
                 Under which Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) would you categorise coral bleaching? Share your thoughts.

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