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• 4Ws Problem Canvas: To understand the step-by-step process of problem scoping, we use a method called the
                   4Ws Problem Canvas. This approach helps us identify four critical parameters that are essential for solving a
                   problem effectively.


                                      Who?               What?              Where?              Why?


                                                                  Who

                  Who are the stakeholders?                    • Students, teachers, and school staff who use the waste bins.
                                                               • School administrator who is responsible for waste management
                                                               and sustainability initiatives.
                                                               • Maintenance and cleaning staff who manage waste collection
                                                               and disposal.
                  What do you know about them?                 • Stakeholders often lack clarity about proper recycling practices.

                                                               • Maintenance  staff  devote  considerable  time  for  handling
                                                               improperly sorted waste.
                                                               • Administrator  aims to implement sustainable practices to
                                                               achieve the school’s eco-friendly goals.
                                                                  What
                  What is the problem?                      The school is experiencing issues with improper waste disposal,
                                                            where students and staff accidentally put waste into incorrect
                                                            bins.  This  leads  to  contamination  of  recyclable  materials,
                                                            reducing the recycling efficiency and increasing the waste sent
                                                            to landfills.
                  How do you know it is a problem?          Evidence  includes  overflowing  trash  bins  with  mixed  waste,
                                                            contaminated  recycling  bins,  and  higher  waste  management
                  (Is there any evidence?)
                                                            costs.  Feedback  from  maintenance  staff  and  audits  of  waste
                                                            collection areas also highlight inefficiencies.
                                                                 Where
                  What is the context/situation in which the  Common areas of the school where waste bins are frequently
                  stakeholders experience the problem?      used, such as cafeterias, hallways, classrooms, and outdoor spaces.
                  Where is the problem located?             Areas with the highest waste generation and where incorrect
                                                            sorting is most commonly observed.

                                                                  Why
                  Why will this  solution be valuable  to the  To reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills by ensuring that
                  stakeholders?                             recyclable materials are properly sorted.
                                                            To  improve  the  school’s  sustainability  efforts  by  promoting
                                                            better waste management practices.
                                                            To educate students and staff on the importance of recycling and
                                                            proper waste disposal, fostering an environmentally conscious
                                                            community.
                  How will the solution improve their       To develop an AI system to automatically identify and sort waste
                  situation?                                to improve recycling efficiency.


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