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Orange Data Mining Tool
Orange is a powerful, open-source data visualization and analysis tool, widely used in data mining and Machine Learning.
It provides a user-friendly, drag-and-drop interface, making it easy for users to analyse data and create workflows
without coding. Orange supports tasks like data preprocessing, clustering, classification, regression, and evaluation.
CASE STUDY: Classification Model: Coral Bleaching
The purpose of developing a classification model for early identification of coral bleaching to safeguard marine
ecosystems.
What Are Coral Reefs?
Coral reefs are large underwater structures made up of the skeletons of tiny marine animals called coral polyps.
These polyps belong to the group of animals known as cnidarians and form symbiotic relationships with
algae called zooxanthellae. The algae live within the coral tissue and provide the corals with food through
photosynthesis, giving them their vibrant colours.
Coral reefs are often referred to as the "rainforests of the sea" because they are one of the most biodiverse
ecosystems on Earth, supporting a wide variety of marine life such as fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and other
organisms. They are found in shallow, warm, and clear tropical waters, typically in regions like the Great Barrier
Reef in Australia, the Caribbean, and the Indian Ocean.
What Causes Coral Bleaching?
Coral bleaching occurs when corals experience stress due to changes in their environment, causing them to expel
the zooxanthellae algae from their tissues. Since the algae provide most of the corals' energy and their vibrant
colour, the corals turn white (hence the term "bleaching") and become more vulnerable to disease and death.
WHAT CAUSES Change in ocean tem-
perature Increased ocean
CORAL BLEACHING ? temperature caused by Overexposure to sunlight When
climate change is the
leading cause of coral
temperatures are high, high
When corals are stressed by changes in conditions such as bleaching. solar irradiance contributes to
temperature, light, or nutrients, they expel the symbiotic algae bleaching in shallow-water
living in their tissues, causing them to turn completely white.
corals.
HEALTHY CORAL STRESSED CORAL BLEACHED CORAL BLEACHED CORAL
Corals have a symbiotic When the symbiotic Coral is left bleached and The coral soon starves or
relationship with micro- relationship becomes vulnerable. Without the becomes diseased.soon
scopic algae called stressed due to increased algae, the coral loses its afterwards,the tissues of
zooxanthellae that live in ocean temperature or major source of food, the coral disappear and
their tissues. pollution, the algae leave turns white or very pale, the exposed skeleton gets
the coral's tissue. and is more susceptible to covered with algae.
disease.
Building a Classification Model
The stages to build a classification model for Coral Bleaching are as follows:
Stage 1 Problem Scoping
Coral bleaching occurs when corals lose their vibrant colours and turn white. However, there is much more to this
phenomenon. The primary cause of coral bleaching is climate change.
Coral bleaching is significant because once corals die, reef ecosystems rarely recover. With fewer surviving corals,
reproduction becomes difficult, leading to the deterioration of entire reef ecosystems, which are vital for both people
and wildlife. Early detection of coral bleaching can help mitigate global disasters and protect marine ecosystems.
Do you believe that such projects help raise awareness about global issues and inspire you to think of innovative
solutions to address them?
Under which Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) would you categorise coral bleaching? Share your thoughts.
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