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• It helps in creating and managing the hierarchical structure of the files and folders. It assists the smooth process
of create, copy, move and delete the files.
• By providing a login and password facility, it prevents unauthorised access to programs and data.
As we now know that it is not possible for the user to use any computer or mobile device without having an
operating system. So whenever you buy a new desktop or a laptop then the operating system comes installed in
it. You just have to activate it with some few initial steps and then it becomes available for you forever.
Some of the commonly used operating systems are:
• Windows Operating System: Windows is developed by Microsoft. It is available in different versions, with new
and improved versions released every year. It supports a graphical interface, where a few mouse clicks can get
the job done.
• Linux: It is a free and open-source operating system having Unix-like features designed for personal computers.
• Ubuntu: It is a popular, open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It is developed and maintained
by Canonical Ltd. and the Ubuntu community. It is Known for its ease of use.
• Mobile Operating System: Mobile operating systems have Graphical User Interface with menus and buttons
supporting different types of apps on Smartphones, tablets, smart watches or other portable devices. It is a combination
of an operating system and communication technology. The different mobile OS available these days are:
w Android OS w Windows OS w iOS
Classes/Types of Operating Systems
Different types of operating systems are available in the market for different types of users.
• Distributed Operating System: In this type of operating system, a set of computers which are located at
different geographical areas are interconnected through a network. The data input and storage is managed by
one set of computers and processing is handled by another set of computers. All of them are integrated to form
a distributed system. Windows, Unix, and Linux are the best examples of distributed operating systems.
• Batch Processing OS: These manage and execute jobs in batches, typically without user interaction (historically
significant in mainframe environments).
• Time-sharing OS: Also known as multi-user OS, they allow multiple users to interact with the system concurrently.
• Network Operating System: It is installed on the server to manage multiple tasks given by multiple users
connected through the network. It provides strong security features by login ids and password facility that are
accessed through different terminals meant only for different users located at different locations. Examples are
Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Unix, Linux, Mac OS X, Novell NetWare, etc.
Windows 11 Operating System
Windows 11 is a Graphical User Interface operating system which was officially released to the public in October 2021,
by Microsoft Corporation. It is a new operating system with user friendly, efficient and easy to use features.
It is designed for personal use at home and in the office using desktops, laptops and tablets. It provides faster
updates and improved battery performance for laptops and tablets.
After you switch on the computer, a few initial steps of booting the operating system occurs and Windows 11 gets
loaded into the computer's memory. It remains in the computer's memory till the power is on and assists in the
smooth functioning of the computer.
Desktop is the first screen that appears on the monitor after Windows 11 is loaded. Just like an office desk
where your things related to everyday jobs are organised to increase your efficiency. Similarly, the desktop of
Windows 11 is the main screen area that contains some basic components that uses dialog box, windows, menus,
files and folders to provide quick access to the softwares for efficient use.
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