Page 372 - AI Ver 3.0 Class 11
P. 372

Entities, Relationships and Concepts
              In NLP and AI, an entity is a significant piece of information or object in a text. An entity can be real-world objects such
              as names, locations, organisations, or dates. They can also be defined as a noun representing a person, place, a thing
              such as product name, technical phrase, or domain-specific concepts.
              A relationship can be defined as a collection of two or more entities that share a strong bond with one another.
              The following activities will show you how Groucho Marx’s joke can be tokenised into useful categories called entities
              and relationships.



                               Task                                                       #Critical Thinking



                   Now keeping this in mind, identify the entities in the sentence                 [CBSE Handbook]

                   “I shot an elephant in my pajamas.”
                   Answer: I, elephant, pajamas


              These relationships help to explain the structure and humorous intent of the sentence.


                               Task                                                       #Critical Thinking



                   Recall Groucho Marx’s quote:                                                    [CBSE Handbook]

                   “One morning, I shot an elephant in my pajamas. How he got into my pajamas I'll never know.”
                   Now keeping this in mind, identify the relationship between the entities in Groucho Marx’s statement :
                   I + elephant, I + pajamas, in + pajamas, elephant + pajamas, I + shot
                   Answer: Relationship between two entities                 Not a relationship between two entities

                   I + elephant, I + pajamas
                   elephant + pajamas, I + shot                              in + pajamas



              After an AI has identified entities and relationships within text or
              speech, it can start organising the information as part of its process
              to  comprehend  it.  Interestingly,  your  brain  performs  a  similar
              function, which may have assisted you in recognising entities and
              relationships in the above AI Task. Consider the given sentence:
              “Siddharth ate the sweet dish. He always eats first.” Notice the link
              between the two parts of the sentence: the word ‘he’ is linked to
              the term ‘Siddharth’. The system identifies this association using
              understanding  and  linking  different  parts  of  the  text  known  as
              coreference resolution. Coreference resolution is a crucial task in
              NLP where the system determines when different words refer to
              the same entity.
              By recognising that ‘he’ refers to ‘Siddharth’, the AI can maintain coherence and context across sentences, much like how
              humans understand and relate different parts of a conversation or text.





                    370     Touchpad Artificial Intelligence (Ver. 3.0)-XI
   367   368   369   370   371   372   373   374   375   376   377