Page 241 - Ai_C10_Flipbook
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In the above example the lengthy text is broken down into individual words.
                    • Syntactic Analysis: In this stage, the converted
                   words and sentences are arranged according to         The agile deer over leaped the sluggish bear
                   the grammar of the language. This arrangement
                   highlights the relationships between words. For
                                                                                        WRONG
                   example, if you are using the English language,
                   the  syntactic  analyser  will  reject  unorganised
                   sentences  like  “deer  over  leaped  the  sluggish   The agile deer leaped over the sluggish bear
                   bear”.
                                                                                         RIGHT


                   In the above example, the grammar is checked.
                    • Semantic Analysis: In this stage, the semantic
                                                                         The agile deer over leaped the sluggish bear
                   analyser checks the meaningfulness of the text
                   and extracts logical meaning from it. This task is
                                                                                        WRONG
                   done  by  mapping  syntactic  structures  and
                   objects in the task domain. In the example the
                   meaning  of  the  sentence  is  checked  to  make     The agile deer leaped over the sluggish bear
                   sure it actually makes sense. For example, it will
                   reject a sentence that contains “cruel kindness”                      RIGHT
                   in it.
                    • Discourse Integration:  In  this  stage,  the
                   meaning of the sentence is drawn according to     The agile deer leaped over the sluggish bear. Then it went
                                                                                       into the hedges.
                   the meanings of the preceding and succeeding
                   sentences.                                                      Here "it" means "the deer"



                    In  the  example,  the  meaningfulness  of  the   The agile deer leaped over it. Then it went into the hedges.
                   preceding  statement  is  dependent  on  the
                                                                                     Here "it" is unknown
                   meaningfulness of the previous statement.
                    • Pragmatic  Analysis:  In  this  stage,  deriving
                   those  aspects  of  language  which  require  real
                                                                                Hang on, I will see you in a while.
                   world  knowledge.  The  actual  meaning  of  the
                   sentence is rechecked in this process.
                                                                            Means "Wait a moment, I will be back
                                                                                       to see you later"
                    In  the  above  example  the  literal  meaning  is
                   not  taken  from  each  word,  but  the  intended
                                                                              It does not mean that one needs to
                   meaning of the word is taken in that sentence.
                                                                                    hang on to something














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