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c.  Case Study 3: An autonomous vehicle is learning to navigate through a city environment. It receives feedback in the
                         form of rewards for reaching its destination safely and penalties for traffic violations. Which type of learning is this
                         case study most likely based on?
                   Ans.  Reinforcement Learning (RL)
                       d.  Case Study 4: A healthcare provider wants to identify patterns in patient data to personalize treatment plans. They
                         have a dataset with various patient attributes but no predefined labels indicating specific treatment plans. Which
                         type of learning is this case study most likely based on?
                   Ans.  Unsupervised Learning
                       e.  Case Study 5: A manufacturing company wants to optimize its production process by detecting anomalies in sensor
                         data  from  machinery.  They  have  a  dataset  with  examples of  normal  and  anomalous behaviour.  Which  type  of
                         learning is this case study most likely based on?
                   Ans.  Supervised Learning
                    4.  Identify the type of model (classification, regression, clustering, association model) are the following case studies most
                       likely based on?                                                                   [CBSE Handbook]
                       a.  A bank wants to predict whether a loan applicant will "default" or "non-default" on their loan payments. They have
                         a dataset containing information such as income, credit score, loan amount, and employment status.
                   Ans.  Classification
                       b.  A real estate agency wants to predict the selling price of houses based on various features such as size, location,
                         number of bedrooms, and bathrooms. They have a dataset containing historical sales data.
                   Ans.  Regression
                       c.  A marketing company wants to segment its customer base into distinct groups based on purchasing behaviour for
                         targeted marketing campaigns. They have a dataset containing information such as purchase history, frequency of
                         purchases, and amount spent.
                   Ans.  Clustering model
                       d.  A grocery store wants to identify associations between different products purchased by customers to understand
                         which  products are  commonly bought  together.  They  have  a transaction  dataset  containing  records  of items
                         purchased together during each transaction.
                   Ans.  Association model
                                                       Unsolved Questions


                                                  SECTION A (Objective Type Questions)
                       uiz

                 A.  Tick ( ) the correct option.
                    1.  What does Reinforcement Learning aim to maximise?
                       a.  Prediction accuracy                           b.  Clustering efficiency
                       c.  Cumulative rewards                            d.  Data patterns

                    2.  Which algorithm is primarily used in image-related tasks like facial recognition?
                       a.  Regression                                    b.  ANN
                       c.  CNN                                           d.  Classification
                    3.  Artificial neural networks are inspired by the structure and function of:         [CBSE Handbook]

                       a.  The human brain                               b.  Quantum computers
                       c.  Complex mathematical models                   d.  High-speed processors

                    4.  Training a neural network often requires:                                         [CBSE Handbook]
                       a.  A small set of labelled data samples
                       b.  A significant amount of data and computational resources
                       c.  A specific set of programming instructions
                       d.  A human expert to guide the learning process

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