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Different Types of Chatbots

                 After interacting with different types of chatbots you must have understood that there are some chatbots that
                 follow some predefined rules to hold the conversation between the user and the machine. While, some are made
                 intelligent as they can handle patterns and common human behaviours while others are smart AI machines which
                 can work, think and learn from their experience like a human. Chatbots are generally categorised into two types:
                 Script-bot and Smart-bot.
                 Script-bot
                 A Script-Bot is a simple chatbot with limited functionalities. These chatbots follow predefined rules and execute
                 specific tasks based on a scripted flow. Since they operate within a structured framework, they are easy to develop
                 and require little to no programming knowledge.
                 These chatbots are best suited for straightforward tasks such as, automating home functions (e.g., turning off
                 lights with a voice command) and ordering food online through basic menu selections. Some of the companies
                 use them as customer care services for providing interactive frequently asked questions services to the customers
                 and if these chatbots are unable to handle certain queries then they connect a company’s customer care employee
                 directly to the customer.
                 Smart-bot
                 Smart-bot are flexible, powerful, AI-based models that have wider functionalities and support machine learning
                 algorithms that make a machine learn from the experience. They simulate human-like interactions with the users.
                 These chatbots require complex programming and work on bigger databases and other resources to help the
                 model understand the context of interactions.
                 Different types of virtual assistants like Google Assistant, Amazon Alexa, Siri, etc. are best examples of Smart bots.

                 The difference between Script-bot and Smart-bot are as follows:
                  Feature              Script-bot                            Smart-bot
                  Definition           A rule-based bot that follows predefined  AI-driven  bot  capable  of  learning,  adapting,
                                       scripts or workflows.                 and handling complex tasks.
                  Intelligence Level   Low:  Only  performs  tasks  based  on  High:  Can  use  AI  and  machine  learning  to
                                       hardcoded instructions.               make decisions.

                  Adaptability         Fixed functionality; cannot adapt to new  Can  adapt  to  new  scenarios  and  learn  from
                                       scenarios unless reprogrammed.        interactions.

                  Response             Handles  simple,  straightforward  tasks  Handles dynamic, context-aware, and nuanced
                  Complexity           with limited scope.                   conversations.
                  Learning Ability     No learning capability; requires manual  Can  improve  through  machine  learning  and
                                       updates to change behaviour.          feedback loops.
                  Flexibility          Limited to specific tasks and workflows.  Works across a variety of tasks and domains.
                  Examples             Basic  FAQ  bots,  data-entry  bots,  or  ChatGPT,  customer  service  AI,  personal
                                       script-following automation.          assistants like Siri or Alexa.
                  Development          Low to Medium: Requires scripting and  High:  Requires  AI  training,  natural  language
                  Complexity           workflow definitions only.            processing (NLP), and ongoing updates.

                         Text Processing


                 Making a computer understand natural language is a complex process. First, we need to understand that humans
                 interact using characters, words, and sentences, while machines interact using numbers. So, to make the machine
                 learn and process a sentence in terms of numbers we first need to follow a Pre-Processing stage of NLP about
                 which we will study in detail.
                                                                                  Natural Language Processing   241
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