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o Rights-based ethical frameworks: These frameworks are based on respecting and upholding individual’s
rights. These frameworks ensure that all policies and actions focus on basic human rights. In context to AI, it
means that AI systems should respect human rights and not discriminate any specific group.
o Utility-based ethical frameworks: These frameworks evaluate actions focusing on maximising overall
good, or minimising harm. These frameworks balance benefits and costs to achieve the maximum benefit to
the maximum number of people. In context to AI, it may involve the potential benefits of AI applications in
the betterment of human race against the risks like data privacy and biasness, involved in using AI
o Virtue-based ethical frameworks: These frameworks emphasise on the importance of building a strong
moral foundation and good character traits such as kindness, compassion and empathy involved in decision
making. In context to AI, it would mean that the developers and users of AI should follow ethical virtues
throughout the AI project cycle.
These categories offer a clear way to handle ethical issues in AI development and use, making sure that the needs
of different sectors and key ethical values are properly considered.
Reboot
1. How does a utility-based ethical framework in AI evaluate actions?
2. How can AI developers ensure they follow rights-based ethical framework during the design of
an AI system?
Exploring Bioethics
Bioethics is an ethical framework that addresses complex moral dilemmas in healthcare, medicine, and the
biological sciences. It integrates principles from multiple disciplines, including medicine, law, philosophy, and
sociology, to guide ethical decision-making. The primary goal of bioethics is to ensure that healthcare decisions
are made fairly, respect individual rights, and protect human dignity.
For example, in cases such as organ transplant or end-of-life care, bioethics provides a framework to ensure that
decisions are compassionate, just, and equitable. By fostering trust, fairness, and respect, bioethics enhances the
quality of care and upholds societal values in healthcare.
Principles of Bioethics
The principles of bioethics are foundational guidelines that help address moral and ethical dilemmas in healthcare,
medical research, and biological sciences. These principles ensure fairness, respect, and accountability in decision-
making. The four primary principles of bioethics are:
• Respect of Autonomy: Autonomy emphasises the importance of respecting an individual's right to make
decisions about their own body and life. It values informed consent, personal choice, and self-determination.
For example, a patient has the right to accept or refuse a medical procedure after understanding its risks and
benefits.
• Beneficence (Maximum Benefits): It involves promoting the well-being and welfare of an individual or society.
In other words, it means acting in ways that support the best interests of others. In healthcare, beneficence
requires professionals to act in the best interest of their patients by promoting well-being and taking positive
actions to prevent harm.
• Non-maleficence (Do Not Harm): This principle focuses on avoiding actions that could harm others whether
intentional or unintentional to an individual or a community.
Revisiting AI Project Cycle & Ethical Frameworks for AI 103

