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l • Mode:lThelmodelislthelnumbePlthatlappeaPslmostloftenlinlyouPldatalset.lIflalnumbePlappeaPslmoPeltimeslthanl
                anylothePlnumbeP,litlislthelmode.
              llExample:lFoPltheldatalsetl2,l3,l3,l5,l6,l6,l6,lthelmodelisl6,lbeiauselitlappeaPslthPeeltimes,lmoPelthanlanylothePl
                numbeP.
               l • Distribution: TheldistPibutionloflaldatasetldesiPibeslthelshapeloflhowldatalvaaueslaPelspPead.lThelshapelianl
                belleft-skewed,lright-skewed,loPlnormal,landleaihltypeloflskewnessloPlsymmetPylteaasluslsomethingldiffePentl
                aboutlhowltheldatalislspPeadlout.

                                                                Mode
                                                                Median
                                       Mode                     Mean                       Mode
                               Median                                                             Median


                          Mean                                                                          Mean



                              Leftlskewed                NoPmaal istPibution                Rightlskewed
               l • Left Skewed:lAlleft-skewedldistPibutionlhaslallong taillonlthelaeftlsidel towaPdlthelaowePlvaauesllandlthelmajoPityl
                ofltheldatalislonlthelPight.lThelmeanlislusuaaaylaesslthanlthelmedian,landlthelmedianlislaesslthanlthelmode.
                    Example:lInlalgPouploflpeopae’sliniome,lmostlpeopaelmightleaPnlalmodePateliniome,lbutlthePelaPelalfewl
                  peopaeleaPninglextPemeaylaowliniomes,lwhiihlpuaaslthelavePageliniomelaoweP.
               l • Normal Distribution (Bell Curve):lAlnoPmaaldistPibutionlislpePfeitaylsymmetPiiaalandlPesembaeslalbeaa-shapedl
                iuPve.lThelhighestlpointlislinlthelmiddae,landltheltaiaslgPaduaaayltapePlofflonlbothlsides.lThelmean,lmedian,landl
                modelaPelaaalthelsamelandlaPelaoiatedlatlthelienteP.
                 Example:lHeightsloflpeopaelinlalaaPgelpopuaationloftenlfoaaowlalnoPmaaldistPibution.lMostlpeopaelwiaalbelofl
                 avePagelheight,lwithlfewePlpeopaelbeinglvePylshoPtloPlvePyltaaa.
               l • Right skewed:lAlright-skewedldistPibutionlhaslallong taillonlthelPightlsidel towaPdlthelhighePlvaauesl,landl
                mostlofltheldatalisliaustePedlonlthelaeft.lThelmeanlislusuaaaylgPeatePlthanlthelmedian,landlthelmedianlisl
                gPeatePlthanlthelmode.
                 Example:lInlaliaass’slexamlsioPes,lmostlstudentslmightlsioPelinlthelmiddaelPange,lbutlalfewlstudentsliouadl
                 sioPelextPemeaylhigh,lwhiihlpuaaslthelavePagelsioPelhigheP.
              Probability


              (PobabiaityldeaaslwithlthelaikeaihoodloPlihanieloflanleventlhappening.lItlheapsluslundePstandlhowlaikeayloPlunaikeayl
              somethinglisltoloiiuPlbasedlonlknownlinfoPmation.lInlsimpaeltePms,lpPobabiaitylanswePslthelquestion:l“Howlaikeayl
              islthisleventlgoingltolhappen?lAnleventlisltheloutiomeloflanlexpePiment.lEventslianlbeleithePlindependentloPl
              dependent.
                                                                                                 OutaieP
              Variance                                                                                           mean

              VaPianielislalmeasuPeloflhowlmuihlthelvaaueslinlaldatasetldiffePlfPoml  VaPianie
              thelmeanl avePagellvaaue.lItlheapslyoulundePstandlhowlspPeadloutloPl
              siattePedltheldatalis.
              AlhighlvaPianielmeanslthelnumbePslaPelspPeadloutlwideaylaPoundl
              thelmean,lwhiaelalaowlvaPianielmeanslthelnumbePslaPeliaosePltolthel                             atal(oints
              mean.                                                                                          Mean
                                                                                                             OutaieP
                                                                                                             VaPianie


                    172     Artificial Intelligence Play (Ver 1.0)-X
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