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•  Syntactic Analysis: In this stage, the converted words and sentences are arranged according to the grammar of the
                          language. This arrangement highlights the relationships between words. For example, if you are using the English
                          language, the syntactic analyser will reject unorganised sentences like “deer over leaped the bear”.
                       •  Semantic Analysis: In this stage, the semantic analyser checks the meaningfulness of the text and extracts logical
                          meaning from it. This task is done by mapping syntactic structures and objects in the task domain.
                       •  Discourse Integration: In this stage, the meaning of the sentence is drawn according to the meanings of the
                          preceding and succeeding sentences.
                       •  Pragmatic Analysis: In this stage, deriving those aspects of language which require real world knowledge. The
                          actual meaning of the sentence is rechecked in this process.

                    2.  Differentiate between smart-bot and script-bot.
                   Ans.  The difference between smart-bot and script-bot are as follows:
                            Factor                      Smart-bot                                Script-bot

                                       AI-driven  bot  capable  of  learning,  adapting,  and  A  rule-based  bot  that  follows  predefined
                        Definition
                                       handling complex tasks.                      scripts or workflows.
                        Intelligence   High:  Can  use  AI  and  machine  learning  to  make  Low:  Only  performs  tasks  based  on
                        Level          decisions.                                   hardcoded instructions.
                                       Can  adapt  to  new  scenarios  and  learn  from  Fixed  functionality;  cannot  adapt  to  new
                        Adaptability
                                       interactions.                                scenarios unless reprogrammed.
                        Response       Handles  dynamic,  context-aware,  and  nuanced  Handles simple, straightforward tasks with
                        Complexity     conversations.                               limited scope.
                                       Can  improve  through  machine  learning  and  No  learning  capability;  requires  manual
                        Learning Ability
                                       feedback loops.                              updates to change behaviour.
                        Flexibility    Works across a variety of tasks and domains.  Limited to specific tasks and workflows.
                                       ChatGPT, customer service AI, personal assistants  Basic FAQ bots, data-entry bots, or script-
                        Examples
                                       like Siri or Alexa.                          following automation.
                        Development    High:  Requires  AI  training,  natural  language  Low  to  Medium:  Requires  scripting  and
                        Complexity     processing (NLP), and ongoing updates.       workflow definitions only.
                    3.  Following is the corpus:
                       Document 1: This is my first experience of Text Mining.
                       Document 2: I have learnt new technique in this.
                       Perform the following functions on the above corpus:
                       a. Sentence Segmentation
                       b. Tokenization
                       c. Stop words removal
                       d. Lowercase conversion
                   Ans.  a. This is my first experience of Text Mining.
                           I have learnt new techniques in this.
                       b.
                               This          is           my            first     experience       of           Text
                             Mining           .            I           have         learnt         new       techniques
                                in          this           .

                       c.
                                 my                 first           experience            Text              Mining
                                learnt              new             techniques

                       d.  this is my first experience of text mining. i have learnt new techniques in this
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