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5.  Chatbot is a short form of Chat Robot, also known as ……….…….................
                  6.  ……….……................ is an example of language translation.
                  7.  The ……….……................ are generated using speech-to-text and image-to-text features on a real time basis.
                  8.  Computers primarily communicate using binary language, consisting of ……….……................ and ……….…….................

              C.  State whether these statements are true or false.

                  1.  Natural languages are governed by set rules that include syntax, lexicon, and semantics.    ……….……
                  2.  Snapchat is an example of NLP.                                                           ……….……
                  3.  Stemming is better than Lemmatization.                                                   ……….……
                  4.  BoW is considered a better technique than TFIDF.                                         ……….……
                  5.  BoW is a technique used for extracting features from the textual data.                   ……….……
                  6.  Creating a document vector is the collection of data for processing into Normalised corpus.   ……….……
                  7.  The frequency of a word in one document is called Document Frequency.                    ……….……
                  8.  BoW algorithm creates a vocabulary of sentences.                                         ……….……

                                               SECTION B (Subjective Type Questions)
              A.  Short answer type questions.
                  1.  Define Semantics.
                Ans.  Semantics is about the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences. It looks at how we understand and interpret these
                    meanings when we use language. For example, the word “bat” can have different meanings depending on the context
                    of a sentence. A bat can refer to a flying mammal (the animal). A bat can also refer to a piece of equipment used in
                    sports like baseball or cricket.
                  2.  Write the features of natural languages.
                Ans.  Some of the features of natural languages are:
                    •  They are governed by set rules that include syntax, lexicon, and semantics.
                    •  All natural languages are redundant, i.e., the information can be conveyed in multiple ways.
                    •  All natural languages change over time.
                  3.  Why is NLP important?
                Ans.  Communication through text or speech is a common method of interaction among humans. Now, computers are
                    equipped with a technology called Natural Language Processing, enabling them to understand, learn, process, and
                    manipulate human language.
                  4.  What do you understand by the term text classification?
                Ans.  Text classification is the process of automatically organising text into predefined categories based on content and
                    context. For example, email services like Gmail use NLP-based spam filtering to classify emails into spam and non-spam
                    categories. Articles can be organised by topics, chat conversations can be categorised by languages, and customer
                    reviews can be grouped by sentiment or relevance.
                  5.  How many stages is NLP (Natural Language Processing) typically divided into?
                Ans.  This process is divided into five major stages which are as follows:
                    •  Lexical Analysis    • Syntactic Analysis
                    •  Semantic Analysis   • Discourse Integration
                    •  Pragmatic Analysis
              B.  Long answer type questions.
                  1.  Explain the five stages of NLP.
                Ans.  The five stages of NLP can be explained as follows:
                    •  Lexical Analysis: In this stage, an AI machine identifies and analyses the structure of words in a speech and converts
                       them into text. This text is then converted into paragraphs, sentences and words by lexical analyser. Lexicon refers
                       for a collection of the various words and phrases used in a language.
                    254     Artificial Intelligence Play (Ver 1.0)-X
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