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• Syntactic Analysis: In this stage, the converted words and sentences are arranged according to the grammar of the
language. This arrangement highlights the relationships between words. For example, if you are using the English
language, the syntactic analyser will reject unorganised sentences like “deer over leaped the bear”.
• Semantic Analysis: In this stage, the semantic analyser checks the meaningfulness of the text and extracts logical
meaning from it. This task is done by mapping syntactic structures and objects in the task domain.
• Discourse Integration: In this stage, the meaning of the sentence is drawn according to the meanings of the
preceding and succeeding sentences.
• Pragmatic Analysis: In this stage, deriving those aspects of language which require real world knowledge. The
actual meaning of the sentence is rechecked in this process.
2. Differentiate between smart-bot and script-bot.
Ans. The difference between smart-bot and script-bot are as follows:
Factor Smart-bot Script-bot
AI-driven bot capable of learning, adapting, and A rule-based bot that follows predefined
Definition
handling complex tasks. scripts or workflows.
Intelligence High: Can use AI and machine learning to make Low: Only performs tasks based on
Level decisions. hardcoded instructions.
Can adapt to new scenarios and learn from Fixed functionality; cannot adapt to new
Adaptability
interactions. scenarios unless reprogrammed.
Response Handles dynamic, context-aware, and nuanced Handles simple, straightforward tasks with
Complexity conversations. limited scope.
Can improve through machine learning and No learning capability; requires manual
Learning Ability
feedback loops. updates to change behaviour.
Flexibility Works across a variety of tasks and domains. Limited to specific tasks and workflows.
ChatGPT, customer service AI, personal assistants Basic FAQ bots, data-entry bots, or script-
Examples
like Siri or Alexa. following automation.
Development High: Requires AI training, natural language Low to Medium: Requires scripting and
Complexity processing (NLP), and ongoing updates. workflow definitions only.
3. Following is the corpus:
Document 1: This is my first experience of Text Mining.
Document 2: I have learnt new technique in this.
Perform the following functions on the above corpus:
a. Sentence Segmentation
b. Tokenization
c. Stop words removal
d. Lowercase conversion
Ans. a. This is my first experience of Text Mining.
I have learnt new techniques in this.
b.
This is my first experience of Text
Mining . I have learnt new techniques
in this .
c.
my first experience Text Mining
learnt new techniques
d. this is my first experience of text mining. i have learnt new techniques in this
Natural Language Processing 255

