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• Sensors: Data can also be collected from various sensors like collecting environmental data and stored in some
                   data storage solutions. Sensors are connected through gateways which enable them to collect live data in the
                   offline mode.
                    • Cameras: Data can be seen, written down or recorded on the computer. Cameras are used to collect data in
                   the form of images. CCTV, web cameras, and surveillance cameras are big sources of visual data that can be
                   acquired from various places.
                    • Observations: It is a method of collecting data by watching facts as they occur. Using the observation technique,
                   data can be analysed and used for testing the model.
                    • Application  Programming  Interfaces  (APIs): APIs  are a set of functions and procedures that allow one
                   application to connect to another. So, one of the ways of collecting data is through APIs that can be used to
                   collect data from social media services for analysis.
                 There are times when,  using the  internet,  we acquire unauthentic  data  from websites for  our  AI project.
                 Extracting private data can be an offence. So, keeping this in mind we should ensure the data is collected from
                 open-sourced websites hosted by the government. They are one of the most reliable and authentic sources of
                 information. These portals have information collected in a suitable format that can be downloaded. Some of the
                 open-sourced government portals are data.gov.in, india.gov.in, etc.
                 After listing the data features, let's understand the concept of system maps.


                 System Maps

                 A system map is a diagrammatic representation of a set of things working together. It focuses on the components
                 and boundaries of a system. System map helps us to find relationships between different elements of the problem
                 which we have scoped. It helps to find a solution to achieve the goal of our project. Let us understand system maps
                 with the help of an example.

                 Streets are safe for pedestrians to walk if the number of people driving on the roads are less.
                 If the number of vehicles on the road increases,                                –
                 the emission levels also increase.

                 We use system maps to understand the complex
                 issues that have inter-connected factors affecting                     –                 +
                 each other. A system comprises:                             Driving        Safe Streets        Walking
                    • Elements: These are different, discrete elements
                   within the system.
                                                                            +
                    • Interconnections: These are the relationships
                   that connect the elements.
                 Rules for system maps are as follows:              Emissions
                    • The circles represent elements.

                    • Arrows are used to represent relationships/interconnections.
                    • The ‘+’ and ‘-’ signs are indicators of the nature of a relationship. The arrowhead depicts the direction of the
                   effect and the sign (+ or -) shows their relationship.
                    • If the arrow goes from X to Y with a + sign, it means that both are directly related to each other. That means if
                   X increases, Y also increases and vice versa.

                    • If the arrow goes from X to Y with a -sign, it means that both elements are inversely related to each other. That
                   means if X increases, Y would decrease and vice versa.



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