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INSIDE THE SERIES




                          The key features of the series have been designed to ensure better
                                                 learning and assessment.

                                                  Learning Resources


                                                                                  Brainy Fact
              Learning Outcomes:                 UNIT-3                       The very first video on YouTube was launched at 8:27 pm on Saturday, 23rd April,2005.
                                                                                                           Brainy Fact:
                                        MATHS FOR AI
              It provides an overview of the                                         It presents an interesting fact relevant
              unit/chapter contents. (STATISTICS & PROBABILITY)             WhatsApp Messenger  to the topic or the chapters.
                                                                            It is a freeware owned by Facebook that allows the users to share messages, documents,
                                                                            multimedia data, location, etc. This application is a combination of both messaging and Voice
                                                                            over IP. It uses your phone/computer’s Internet connection to connect to anyone through
                                                                            messages or calls. It also provides facilities for group messages or group calls. It’s a convenient
                       Learning Outcomes                                    way of communicating in small groups like families/office staff/organisations.  WhatsApp
                                                                                      Brainy Fact
                                                                                Digital India
                  •  How are Maths and AI Related?   •  Essential Mathematics for AI  Ritesh Agarwal is one of the youngest entrepreneur in India. He is the founder of OYO rooms.
                  •  Statistics   •  Application of Statistics
                  •  What is Probability in Statistics?    •  Applications of Probability   It is a campaign launched by the Government of India to make our
                                                                            country digitally equipped. Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched
                                                                                    Some Important Terms in Entrepreneurship
                                                                            the campaign on 1st July 2015. Under this scheme all the government
                 Mathematics is crucial to Artificial Intelligence (AI) because it provides the theoretical foundation and practical
                 tools  for  developing,  assessing,  and  optimising  AI  systems.  It  is  the  backbone  of  AI  algorithms  and  models,   services are now available electronically for better and faster execution
                                                                                 Entrepreneurs take risks to make a profit. Let us now try to understand the meaning of the word profit and risk
                 empowering machines to process, analyse, and interpret vast amounts of data.  of services to Indian citizens. Digital India has immensely improved
                                                                                 used frequently in entrepreneurship:
                 In general, Mathematics  guarantees that AI models are precise, effective, and able to resolve challenging issues.  the online infrastructure of our country. The country now has better
              AI Game:                                                      Internet  connectivity  and  progressed  in  the  field  of  Information   Digital India
                                                                                   • Profit: The term "profit" refers to the financial gain that an entrepreneur gets or a positive difference between total
                    How are Math and AI related?
                                                                                  income earned and total costs invested in running a business. Profit is the main indicator of a business's financial
                                                                            Technology.
                                                                                  success or failure. For example, Nisha has recently started running her own flower shop. She made her quarterly
              It contains an interesting game or activity                   The main objectives of this initiative are:  At a Glance:
                                                                               2.  Select the desired graph type from the Show Me panel. In this case, we have selected the Packed Bubbles
                 Mathematics and AI are interconnected fields, with Mathematics supplying the theoretical foundations for many
                                                                                  report and found that her income is little more than her total expense. This brought confidence in her and she
                 AI algorithms. Patterns are repeating designs or sequences that can be observed in numbers, shapes, images,     • To provide a high speed network in the rural areas.
                                                                                chart type. The type of the graph will be changed to Packed Bubbles chart type.
                                                                                  planned to keep a close watch to bring up the profit margins for future growth of her business.
                 languages, or objects in our surroundings. They follow a specific order or arrangement, making them easily
                                                                                          This section provides a summary
              for the students to try on their own or with                     • To provide governance and services on demand.
                 recognisable. Mathematics aids in the study of these patterns. These patterns allow you to solve puzzles. They
                                                                                   • Risk: The term "risk" refers to a situation where the result is not known and could lead to a loss. Entrepreneurs
                                                                                  often face a variety of risks as they initiate, develop, and operate their business. Understanding and managing
                 help identify an order or arrangement in lists of images or numbers. They are present everywhere around us.     • Digital empowerment of every citizen of India.
              their classmates to learn how the game                           • Restructuring  many  existing  schemes  under  Digital  India  Program  so  that  they  can  be  implemented  in
                                                                                  risks are essential components of successful entrepreneurship. These risks can sometimes bring failures also
                                                                                                          of the chapter. a
                 Patterns in Numbers
                                                                                  in a business. For example, in the above situation where Nisha, a florist, has established her business well in a
                 Number patterns, often simply referred to as patterns, are sets of numbers that follow a specific order or rule.   synchronized manner.
              mechanics work while having fun.                                    span of one year. She now wants to expand her business by opening another branch in a nearby city where the
                 There are various types of number patterns, including Fibonacci, geometric, algebraic, and arithmetic patterns.
                                                                                  competition is very high and the cost of investment is also more but she is quiet confident and wants to take
                 Some tricks are given below for finding the patterns in numbers:  the risk because she feels risk is an integral part of entrepreneurship, and successful entrepreneurs understand
                   • Number Sequences: Look for a sequence where each number is related to the one before it in a specific way.   At a Glance
                  This could be:       #Experiential Learning                     the importance of identifying, assessing, and managing risks effectively.
                  ✶  Adding a constant value (e.g., 1, 4, 7, 10... +3 each time)    •  Information Technology is the use of hardware, software and networking technology for accessing, storing, retrieving
                                                                                   • Wage Employment: It exists as a partnership between two entities : the employer and the employee. In this
                             02
                  ✶  Multiplying by a constant value (e.g., 2, 4, 8, 16... x2 each time)  and transmitting the information.
                                                                                  type of employment, an employee receives compensation for their work in the form of wages or salary. It does
                         GAME
                                     Quick Draw


                                                                                  not involve risks and the amount paid is fixed with certain incentives irrespective whether an employer is having
                  ✶  Following a formula (e.g., 2n + 1: 3, 5, 7, 9...)          •  Communication Technology is defined as exchange of information through networks using either wired or wireless
                   • Series: Analyse a series of numbers to identify the underlying rule for example square series, cube series, etc.  media.  loss or profit in his business. The continuity of the service in case of wage employment depends on the terms
                  Quick Draw is a game developed by Google that uses machine learning to guess what you're drawing.
                   • Even or Odd: Is the sequence made of even numbers (2, 4, 6...) or odd numbers (1, 3, 5...)?    •  All physical components of the ICT system which we can touch and feel are called hardware. relationship between the
                                                                                  and conditions laid down in the contract between the two parties, as well as the
                  It prompts you to draw an object or concept within 20 seconds, and as you draw, a neural network
                   • Prime or Composite: Are the numbers prime (only divisible by 1 and itself) or composite (divisible by more   employer and the employee.
                  attempts to recognise your doodle in real-time.

                  than two numbers)?                                            •  A computer is an electronic device that takes an input from the user and processes it in a desired way and generates
                                                                                   Let us understand the difference between Wage Employment and Entrepreneurship
                   • Fibonacci Sequence: This famous sequence starts with 0 and 1, and each subsequent number is the sum of the   an output in a specific format.
                  two preceding numbers (0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8...).               •  A set of instructions that we give to a computer to get the work done is called software.
                                                                               Duplicating a Chart
                                                                                    Factors
                                                                                                           Entrepreneurship
                                                                                             Wage employment
                                       Maths for AI (Statistics & Probability)   217    •  The devices which help to give data or instructions to the computer are called input devices.
                                                                                          Individuals work for an employer or a
                                                                                                       Initiate and operate their own
                                                                               The steps to duplicate a chart are as follows:
                                                                                •  An output device is a physical component that converts the processed data or information into a human readable
                                                                              format. Nature of Work  company and receive a fixed wage or   businesses. Responsible for their own
                                                                               1.  Right-click the sheet in the Sheet tab whose chart you want to duplicate.
                                                                                          salary in exchange for their labour.  profits and losses.
                                                                               2.
                                                                              112 Select the Duplicate option from the context menu. A duplicate sheet is added in the Sheet tab.
                                                                                                       Entrepreneurship involves a higher
                                                                                  Touchpad Artificial Intelligence (Ver. 3.0)-IX
                                                                                          The level of risk is comparatively lower
                                                                                 Risk and Responsibility  with stable income and job security.  level of risk-taking. It has uncertainties,
                                                                               Save and Share a Workbook  financial risks, and market fluctuations.
                                                                                                       Entrepreneurs' income is often variable
                    • Leads to Unemployment: With the rapid  development of AI, the fear  of unemployment is constant.  Jobs   Once you have created a graph, you can save your workbook. The steps to save your Tableau Public workbook
                                                                                          Employees receive a regular and
                           Locate the emoji we show you in the real world with your phone's
                   in manufacturing, agriculture, food service, retail, transportation, logistics,  and hospitality are some  of the   are as follows:  predictable income in the form of   and depends on the success of their
                                                                                 Income Structure
                            camera. A neural network will try to guess what it's seeing.
                   industries likely to be affected. The majority of the repetitive tasks would be taken over by AI.   1.  Click on the File   Save as option from the menu bar. The Save as dialog box opens.
                                Make sure your sound is on.
                                                                                          wages or salaries.
                                                                                                       business.
                                                                                                         Video Session:
                    • Lacks Emotions  and Creativity: AI machine lacks  human emotions  and creativity. AIs can become skilled
                                                                                          Employees typically enjoy job security
              Ice Breaker Activity:                                            2.  Navigate the location where you want to save you workbook.  Entrepreneurs face the risk of business
                   machines but they can never acquire the abilities of humans. The creativity of AI is only limited to the ability of
                                                                                                       failure, which may result in financial losses
                                                                                 Job Security
                                                                                          as long as they adhere to the terms and
                   humans that created them.  Emoji Scavenger Hunt is best experienced on phones.  This section contains a link of the
                                                                                                       and sometimes closing of the business.
                                                                                          conditions of their employment contracts.
              This section allows students to familiarise                      3.  Type the name of the workbook in the File name text box.
                    • Does Not Improve with Experience: Humans learn from experiences, whereas it's not possible with machines.
                  Visit: https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com/ or scan the QR code to play the game. The
                   AIs cannot alter their responses based on the changing environment. They are programmed to behave in a
                                                                                                         Entrepreneurial Skills-I
                                                                                       video related to the topic for better
                  challenge here is to draw 6 doodles within the time limit of 20 seconds each.  4.  Click on the Save button. The tableau public workbook is saved with the specified name.  127
              with the concept with the help of an                             You can export the tableau workbook as package by selecting the Export Packaged Workbook options in the
                   specific manner, so they cannot make decisions in case they encounter an unprogrammed situation. If a change
                  Answer the following questions after playing the game:
                   is required, they need to be re-programmed.
                                                                               File menu.
                                                                                            understanding of the concept.
                  1.  Did you manage to win?
                    • Discouraging Human Creativity: Apps like ChatGpt and others can be used with ease to do anything and
              activity.                                                        You can also share your tableau workbook by saving it to Tableau Public or Tableau Server if you have access
                   everything.

                                                                               to those services. For this, you need to select the Save to Tableau Public option in the File menu.
                  2.  What was the strategy that you applied to win this game?  #Communication         #Experiential Learning
                                                                                   Video Session
                     Balloon Debate
                    Say: “We  are  going  to  debate  about  the  boon  and  bane  of  various  AI applications  in the  different
                  3.  Was the neural network able to identify all the doodles created by you?  Scan the QR code or visit the following link to understand about tableau:
                     industries you researched. This will be a 4 v 4 debate. As you know, each theme has been given to two   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLCzpPRCc7U
                    different teams. Now one team out of these two will be in favour of AI applications of that theme, while
                     the other one will be against AI applications in the same theme. The debate will go theme by theme   How Ben solved his business related issue using Tableau?
                    wherein each member of the team will get a minute to speak. The first speaker of the affirmative team
                    will start the debate after which the first speaker of the rebuttal team will put their points. In this manner,
                    each speaker will get a minute to speak and finally one team will be chosen to be eliminated from the
                    balloon debate depending upon how convincing their points were. The speaker who speaks for more
                     Brainy Fact
                    than a minute will get his team disqualified. You will get 15 minutes to prepare your points. And your   286  Touchpad Artificial Intelligence (Ver. 3.0)-IX
                    time starts now!”
                  ChatGPT is a large language model chatbot developed by OpenAI. It is a powerful tool that can
                    Imagine there are two families of four people out for a ride in a hot air balloon. Suddenly, the balloon
                  be used for a variety of purposes, including generating text, translating languages, and writing
                    starts to move towards the earth instead of staying airborne. To stabilise it, one family needs to take the
                  different kinds of creative content.                                                   AI Innovators:
                    parachute and go out of the balloon or else it will come crashing down.
                         Who should be thrown out of the hot air balloon?
                     Touchpad Artificial Intelligence (Ver. 3.0)-IX
                  180
              AI Glossary:                                                               It presents information about the
              This section contains                                                             pioneers in the field of AI.
                        Task
                                       #Creativity & Innovativeness
              definition of important AI terms.
                    List down the point why AI is beneficial/ harmful for the society.
                     AI Project Cycle Framework
                  Before learning about the AI project cycle framework, let us first learn about the traditional software development
                    GLOSSARY
                  cycle. Traditional software development follows the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
                                      AI Reflection, Project Cycle and Ethics  187
                    Algorithm: It is a step-by-step approach to identify and solve a problem in a finite time.
                    CodeCombat: It is a free coding educational game that teaches you to learn JavaScript or Python
                    coding in a fun way.
                    Control Structures: Control structures are a set of instructions that controls the flow of instructions
                    in a program.
                    Data Acquisition: It means collecting raw data for the purpose of reference or analysis for the
                    project.
                    Data Visualization: It is an easier way to understand the trends and patterns in data by using
                    graphical representation tools like charts and graphs.
                    Data Modeling: It is the process of designing decision-making algorithms that has to be trained
                    on a set of data and apply that learning to recognise certain types of patterns.
                    Deep Learning: It is a machine learning algorithm that is inspired by the functionality of our brain
                    cells called neurons.
                    Decision Trees: These are the tools that follow a rule-based approach that uses a tree-like model
                    of decisions and their possible consequences.
                    Flowchart: A flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm that makes use of symbols
                    which are connected through arrows to show the direction of flow of information.
                    Human-Machine Interaction (HMI):  It  can  be  defined  as  the  communication  or  interaction
                    between humans and machines through a user interface to fulfill a specific task or operation.
                    Intelligence: It is the ability to learn from experience, to recognise problems and to solve problems.
                    Variational Autoencoders (VAEs): A variational autoencoder (VAE) is a generative AI algorithm
                    that uses deep learning to generate new content, detect anomalies and remove noise.
                    Python: It is a  general-purpose,  object-oriented,  easy-to-learn and  high-level programming
                    language.
                    Virtual Assistant: It is an application that we use to control our smart home is a prime example
                    of AI impacting our daily lives.
                                                  AI Glossary  471
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