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Types of Pollution

                      Factors             Land Pollution                Water Pollution               Air Pollution

                  What it is?         • Damage to the land          • Adding harmful substances     • Addition of harmful
                                     because of harmful             and disease causing bacteria   gases and particles
                                     substances is known as land    and other microorganisms      in air results in air
                                     pollution.                     to rivers, lakes, and oceans   pollution.
                                                                    results in water pollution.
                  What happens        • Diseases, such as dysentery,  • Diseases, such as dysentery,  • Heart and breathing


                  because of this    cholera and typhoid            diarrhoea, jaundice, typhoid,   problems and cancers
                  pollution?          • Less land is available for use   etc.                      • Climate change
                                     of forests, farms or homes     • Local earnings, like tourism,
                                                                    fishing etc. are adversely
                                                                    affected
                                                                    • Less drinking water
                  Why does it         • Cutting down forests        • Throwing waste in water      • Burning of fuels
                  happen?             • Harmful pesticides and      • Leakage from sewer lines     • Smoke from traffic
                                     fertilisers                    • Release of waste water from  • Burning waste and

                                      • Mining and heavy            houses, farms and factories   remains of crops
                                     construction                   • Accidental oil leakage from     • Pesticides and
                                      • Release of sewage, toilet   ships                         fertilisers
                                     waste, waste from houses/                                     • Smoke from factories
                                     factories, and chemical waste                                 • Dust from construction

                  How to              • Reduce waste                • Do not throw waste into      • Use renewable sources
                  prevent it?         • Segregate (separate) waste   water bodies                 of energy
                                     products                       • Do not throw chemicals,      • Avoid polluting
                                      • Plant trees                 medicines, oils, etc., in     vehicles
                                      • Adopt natural and organic   drains                         • Stop others from
                                     farming methods                • Avoid using pesticides and   burning waste and
                                      • Use biodegradable items     fertilisers                   left-over crops
                                                                    • Ensure proper treatment of     • Avoid pesticides and
                                                                    sewage and factory waste      fertilisers which release
                                                                    • Use water wisely            harmful gases

                 Climate Change

                 Global warming refers to the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's
                 atmosphere mainly due to greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, CFC's) produced by
                 a lot of human activities. It has resulted in melting of glaciers, rising sea level and
                 intense heat waves all across the globe. It is one of the major environmental issues,
                 as it creates an ecological imbalance and has become a reason for the extinction of
                 many plant and animal species. Main causes of global warming are:
                    • Excessive use of fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas produces greenhouse gases-like methane, nitrous oxide and
                   mainly carbon dioxide which trap the sun’s radiation within the atmosphere resulting in rise in global temperature.
                   This is called green house effect.
                    • Trees absorb CO  from the atmosphere and release oxygen instead, so they work as air purifiers. Deforestation
                                  2
                   due to urbanisation and industrialisation has reduced the number of trees on the earth. This has resulted in the
                   increase of carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere.
                    • Over-consumption of natural resources due to population explosion has also contributed to global warming.
                    • Increase in pollution is also responsible for the rise in global warming.

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