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UNIT-1
AI REFLECTION, PROJECT
CYCLE AND ETHICS
Since ancient times, humans have tried to be better than others and moved forward with the creation of tools
that aided them to stay ahead of every other living being. In an attempt to make life easier, humans tried to make
machines intelligent and smarter. These days we have machines that can think and respond in ways similar to
human being. This is how the concept of smart machines came into existence. In this chapter, we will explore how
that change happened and how we came so far.
What is Intelligence?
Intelligence is the ability to learn from experience, recognise problems and solve problems. According to
Sternberg—”Intelligence is the capacity to learn from experience, using metacognitive processes to enhance
learning, and the ability to adapt to the surrounding environment.”
Intelligence is the capacity to learn and behave adaptively. It can be defined as a person’s ability to think and to
learn. For example, students are considered intelligent if they understand the subject content and are able to score
above-average grades.
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that simulate human intelligence into machines, especially
in computer systems, so that they can think and perform actions similar to humans. The main aim of AI is to develop
machines with intelligence like humans and having qualities like perception [the acquisition of information and rules
for using the information], reasoning [using rules to reach the approximate or definite conclusions], and learning
[self-corrections]. The term Artificial Intelligence is made up of two words: Artificial and Intelligence.
Artificial means “human-made” and Intelligence means “ability to think and make decisions”. In simple words,
Artificial refers to the things made by humans and Intelligence refers to the ability of people to think and learn
from their past experiences.
Artificial Intelligence covers a wide range of systems and applications that have the ability to think and act like
humans. It is used for creating machines with programmed algorithms which can take decisions like humans do.
AI has made a greater impact on humanity than any other innovation till date.
Brainy Fact
In 1956, John McCarthy first coined the term “Artificial Intelligence” and defined it as the
science and engineering of making intelligent machines. Later in 2006, he was referred to as
the “Father of Artificial Intelligence”.
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