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Disease Prediction

                    • Statistical  models  are  used  to  predict  the  spread  and  impact  of
                   infectious diseases, such as influenza, COVID-19, and Ebola.
                    • Data analysis creates epidemic curves that show the progression of
                   disease outbreaks over time.
                    • The  US  government  uses  statistics  to  understand  which  disease  is
                   affecting the population the most. This helps them in curing these
                   diseases  more  effectively.  To  understand  the  extent  of  any  of  the
                   infectious diseases in a given population.

                 For example, the government can analyse the areas where COVID cases
                 are increasing, or where the vaccination drive needs to be improved.

                                                            Options of Voters

                                                            •   Statistics  are  used  in  elections  to  enhance  transparency  for
                                                               voters and encourage voters to participate in elections.
                                                            •   By  surveying  a  group  of  voters  and  analysing  the  results,
                                                               statistics  can  reveal  what  the  majority  of  people  think  about
                                                               political candidates, policies, or upcoming elections. This helps
                                                               politicians and decision-makers to understand public opinion.
                                                            •   Statistics play an important role in Election Forecasts, making
                                                               Campaign  Strategies  and  micro-target  individuals  based  on
                                                               available data.


                         What is Probability in Statistics?


                 Probability is a branch of statistics that deals with the likelihood or chance of an event to happen or different
                 outcomes occurring in a given situation.

                    • It measures the amount of certainty of an event.
                    • It helps us make predictions about future events based on the data we have.
                    • It helps us understand how likely something is to happen.

                 The formula for probability is given as the ratio of the Number of Favourable Outcomes to the Total Number
                 of Possible Outcomes.
                                                        Number of Favourable Outcomes
                                                P(A) =
                                                       Total Number of Possible Outcomes
                 Where, P(A) - is probability of happening of an event (A)

                 Let us understand it using the example of a coin.

                 When a coin is tossed, there are two possible outcomes: head or tail.
                 What is the probability of getting a head?
                                                                         1
                                                               P(Head) =
                                                                         2
                                                         1                                 1
                 So, we see the chances of getting head is    and the chances of getting tail is   .
                                                         2                                 2
                                                                           Maths for AI (Statistics & Probability)   185
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