Page 95 - Ai_V1.0_Class9
P. 95
Types of Pollution
Factors Land Pollution Water Pollution Air Pollution
What it is? • Damage to the land • Adding harmful substances • Addition of harmful
because of harmful and disease causing bacteria gases and particles
substances is known as land and other microorganisms in air results in air
pollution. to rivers, lakes, and oceans pollution.
results in water pollution.
What happens • Diseases, such as dysentery, • Diseases, such as dysentery, • Heart and breathing
because of this cholera and typhoid diarrhoea, jaundice, typhoid, problems and cancers
pollution? • Less land is available for use etc. • Climate change
of forests, farms or homes • Local earnings, like tourism,
fishing etc. are adversely
affected
• Less drinking water
Why does it • Cutting down forests • Throwing waste in water • Burning of fuels
happen? • Harmful pesticides and • Leakage from sewer lines • Smoke from traffic
fertilisers • Release of waste water from • Burning waste and
• Mining and heavy houses, farms and factories remains of crops
construction • Accidental oil leakage from • Pesticides and
• Release of sewage, toilet ships fertilisers
waste, waste from houses/ • Smoke from factories
factories, and chemical waste • Dust from construction
How to • Reduce waste • Do not throw waste into • Use renewable sources
prevent it? • Segregate (separate) waste water bodies of energy
products • Do not throw chemicals, • Avoid polluting
• Plant trees medicines, oils, etc., in vehicles
• Adopt natural and organic drains • Stop others from
farming methods • Avoid using pesticides and burning waste and
• Use biodegradable items fertilisers left-over crops
• Ensure proper treatment of • Avoid pesticides and
sewage and factory waste fertilisers which release
• Use water wisely harmful gases
Climate Change
Global warming refers to the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's
atmosphere mainly due to greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, CFC's) produced by
a lot of human activities. It has resulted in melting of glaciers, rising sea level and
intense heat waves all across the globe. It is one of the major environmental issues,
as it creates an ecological imbalance and has become a reason for the extinction of
many plant and animal species. Main causes of global warming are:
• Excessive use of fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas produces greenhouse gases-like methane, nitrous oxide and
mainly carbon dioxide which trap the sun’s radiation within the atmosphere resulting in rise in global temperature.
This is called green house effect.
• Trees absorb CO from the atmosphere and release oxygen instead, so they work as air purifiers. Deforestation
2
due to urbanisation and industrialisation has reduced the number of trees on the earth. This has resulted in the
increase of carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere.
• Over-consumption of natural resources due to population explosion has also contributed to global warming.
• Increase in pollution is also responsible for the rise in global warming.
Green Skills-I 93

