Page 25 - Ai_V1.0_Class9
P. 25

Structure
                    • Object of the active sentence becomes the subject + Form of "to be" + Past participle + by + Agent

                 Examples:
                    • A letter (subject) was written (verb) by her (agent).


                         Parts of Speech

                 A sentence is made up of words. Every word has a specific function to play in a sentence to make it meaningful. It
                 falls into different categories to play a different role in a sentence. These categories are called the Parts of Speech.
                 It is important to learn these different parts of speech to understand the language well, to help you construct good
                 sentences for effective communication. The basic parts of speech are as follows:

                  Parts of Speech                          Definition                                 Example
                  Noun              Noun is a word that names a person, place, thing or an idea.  Sunil is going to a school.
                                    Pronoun is a word that replaces a noun. They are used to   She likes to play in sand on
                  Pronoun           avoid the repetition of nouns, so that, the sentences are   the seashore.
                                    smoother and effective.

                                    Verbs are "doing words". It can be a word or a group of words  Shruti danced to celebrate
                  Verbs
                                    that describes an action or a state of being.             my victory.
                                    Adverb  is a  word  that  describes a  verb,  an  adjective  or  John never  participated in
                  Adverbs
                                    another adverb. It also tells how an action was done.     conversation.
                  Adjective         An adjective is a word that defines a noun or a pronoun.  I have a beautiful dress.
                                    Conjunction is a word that joins words, phrases, clauses, or
                                    sentences together. There are different types of conjunctions.  I bought a pen, pencil, and
                  Conjunction
                                    Some conjunctions may be used to make a list while some  ruler for my exams.
                                    may be used to connect thoughts, ideas or actions.
                                    Preposition is a word that shows a relationship between a  My cat is  sitting under  a
                  Preposition
                                    noun and a pronoun in a sentence.                         dining table.
                                    An interjection is a word or a phrase that expresses a sudden
                                    or a strong feeling. Grammatically they are not related in a
                  Interjection      sentence but expresses a relationship between a word and   Alas! I am  so  lost without
                                                                                              you.
                                    a phrase in a sentence. Sometimes they are followed by an
                                    exclamation mark(!).



                         Use of Articles

                 An article is a word that describes a noun. It is used before a noun to show whether it is specific or not. In English
                 grammar there are three articles— A, An, The. They fall into the following two categories: definite and indefinite.

                 Definite—The
                 "THE" is a definite article which is used before a noun that indicates something clear or obvious. For example:

                    • The sun shines bright today.

                 Indefinite—A, An
                    • 'A' and 'An' are indefinite articles which are used before a noun that are not specific or known before. "A" is used
                   before a word beginning with a consonant (alphabets other than vowels) sound.

                                                                                       Communication Skills-I   23
   20   21   22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29   30