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• Days of week, months, and holidays: Always remember to capitalise the first letter of days of week like Sunday,
Monday, etc., months like June, August, etc., and holidays/festivals like Republic Day, Diwali, etc., but not the
seasons like winter, spring, summer, etc. Let us look at an example: Every year Republic Day is celebrated in India
on 26 January.
• The Pronoun "I": Pronoun "I" is a reference to yourself and should always be capitalised. For example: I love to
read books before I go to sleep.
• Directions: The directions like North, South, etc. are written in capital only when they are referred to as locations.
For example: I am heading towards South.
• Titles that appear before names: The titles like President, Principal, Mr., Captain, etc. that appear before names
are written with the first letter in capital. For example: Mr. Singh is a good man.
Punctuation Marks
These are the symbols used to help the reader understand the proper meaning of a sentence and where to pause
or stop. Let us learn about some of the punctuation marks in detail.
Full Stop or Question Mark Exclamation Comma (,) Apostrophe (')
Period (.) (?) Mark (!)
Full stop or Question mark Exclamation Comma is used to mark a Apostrophe can be
period is used is used to mark mark is used in pause in a sentence. used to indicate
at the end of a the end of any a sentence to Any list of items the omission of
sentence. We also question asked in strongly express mentioned in a sentence some letters in a
use it to shorten a direct speech. a feeling of are separated by a comma. word. For example,
a word to form For example, Why happiness, sorrow, For example, I want a I'm enjoying my
an abbreviation. did you not call love, surprise dress, shoes, watch, and friend's company.
For example, Mr. me again? etc. For example, a box of chocolate for my
for Mister, Col. Wow! Such a birthday.
for Colonel. pretty dress.
Phrases
Phrase is a group of words together, but not a sentence that forms a complete meaning. It lacks the subject and
the object. For example:
• On the roof • Sleeping now • Cannot eat • Trying hard
What is a Sentence?
A sentence is a group of words arranged together and has a complete meaning. For example:
• I am reading a book. • My mother cooks good food.
• She went to school.
Rules for Writing a Sentence
Following are the rules for writing a sentence:
• It begins with a capital letter.
• It ends with a full stop, exclamation mark, or question mark depending on the type of a sentence.
• It must contain one subject and one verb with an independent clause.
• It should have a meaning.
Communication Skills-I 21

