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• FTP (File Transfer Protocol): FTP is a standard network protocol used for transferring files between a client and
                   a server on a computer network. It provides a simple way to upload and download files from one computer to
                   another over the Internet.
                    • HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure): HTTPS is an extension of HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
                   that adds a layer of security using SSL/TLS encryption. It ensures that data transmitted between a web browser
                   and a web server remains private and integral. HTTPS is commonly used for secure communication over the
                   Internet, particularly for sensitive transactions such as online banking, e-commerce, and accessing confidential
                   information.

                 These protocols play  critical roles in facilitating  different  types  of communication and  data  transfer  over  the
                 Internet, each addressing specific needs related to email transmission, network communication, file sharing, and
                 secure web browsing.


                         Terminologies of the Internet

                 Some of the important terms related to the Internet are:

                    • Online: Going online means connecting your device to the Internet.
                    • Hyperlink/HyperText/Link: When a move pointer hovers over a word, text or graphics, it changes to a small
                   hand and when clicked it opens a webpage or a website. It serves as a link for connecting many web documents
                   to simplify the process of web browsing.

                    • HTML (HyperText Markup Language): HTML is the standard markup language for creating web pages. It
                   structures content using tags and elements, defining the layout and appearance of web pages in conjunction
                   with CSS and JavaScript.
                    • Website: Collection of related web pages that can be accessed by a unique web address or URL. A website is
                   owned either by an individual or any organisation and can be hosted on a World Wide Web.

                    • Homepage: The first page displayed when you visit a website is called a homepage. It generally contains the
                   hyperlinks for the other webpages.
                    • ISP (Internet Service Provider): An ISP is a company that provides individuals and organisations access to the
                   internet. ISPs offer various services such as internet access, domain registration, web hosting, and email services.

                    • Web address/URL (Uniform Resource Locator): It is the address of the web file located on a web server that can
                   be accessed using any web browser on the Internet. It is similar to the address we write on an envelope. URL is
                   translated into a numeric address using the domain name system. For example: https://www.orangeeducation.in/
                    • Cookies: Cookies are small pieces of data stored on a user's device by websites they visit. They are used to
                   remember information about the user, such as login status, preferences, and tracking information for personalised
                   experiences and analytics.

                    • DNS (Domain Name System): It is a phonebook of the Internet that translates each URL into its corresponding
                   IP address. Each device connected to the Internet has a unique IP address. Since it is difficult to memorise IP
                   addresses, so for convenience the alphanumeric address is used for naming the websites. When we type the
                   alphanumeric address in the address bar of the web browser, then, the DNS translates it into an IP address and
                   requests the web server to locate the specified file on its site.






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