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• Terrace Farming: It is a method of cultivation of crops especially rice in hilly areas. In this method, the sloppy
                   land is carved into steps for planting crops. Each step has a mud barrier to prevent
                   the washing away of soil nutrients by the rain water. It also helps in reducing water
                   loss and soil erosion.
                    • Changing Agricultural Practices: Retaining  soil nutrients  and  preventing  soil
                   erosion can be done by following changed agricultural practices like:
                      Crop Rotation: It is the system of cultivating different varieties of crops on the
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                     same piece of land across different seasons. This helps to conserve soil fertility as
                     different crops have different requirements of soil nutrients.
                      Contour Ploughing: In this method, the soil is ploughed along the contour to decrease the soil runoff. By
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                     growing the crops in a contour pattern, plants can absorb more rain water and thus minimise the soil erosion.

                      No-Till Farming: It is a method of growing crops without tilling the soil. This practice will not disturb the top
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                     layer of soil and the last crop present in the top layer will be decomposed fast which helps in maintaining the
                     soil nutrients and preventing soil erosion.

                    • Wind Breaks: Dense rows of tall evergreen trees are planted around the boundaries of farm. This reduces wind
                   pressure and helps in preventing soil erosion due to wind and rain water.
                    • Salinity Management: The water, after evaporating from the soil, leaves behind salt. It is generally seen in the areas
                   near sea, lakes, oceans and in weathering of rocks. It affects soil fertility and reduces absorption of water by plant.
                   Using humic acids can prevent this or growing crops like saltbush can rejuvenate soil and replenish lost nutrients.
                    • Earthworms: Earthworms are considered as best friends of farmers. By introducing more earthworms, we can
                   increase the fertility of soil. They eat up the soil and fungi present in it due to no-till farming, digest the organic
                   matter present in it and excrete wastes full of plant nutrients known as worm cast which makes soil fertile. They
                   aerate the soil by making burrows.
                    • Stream Bank Protection: During the rainy season or floods, the vegetative cover of the stream bank is often
                   washed away into the stream, leading to soil erosion. This can be prevented by forming vegetation, constructing
                   rock ripraps, planting trees, and growing native grasses and shrubs along a stream bank.

                 Energy Conservation

                 Energy conservation involves preserving of non-renewable resources like coal, oil, and natural gas by using it judiciously
                 and reducing its wastage, so that it can be preserved for the generations to come. Increase in the consumption of oil
                 and natural gas has lead to an increase in the level of carbon dioxide causing change in climatic conditions.
                 There are many alternate sources of energy that can be utilised for different purposes: wind energy, geothermal
                 energy, solar energy, nuclear energy, tidal energy, and biofuels and biomass energy.
                    • Using energy efficiently: This is an important factor for environmental
                   protection, financial benefits for individuals and for the country as a
                   whole. Following the method given below will be a great help in the
                   consumption of energy efficiently:
                      Using maximum daylight, CFLs, turning off electrical appliances when
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                     not in use.
                      Using energy efficient appliances at home and in offices. It consumes
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                     less energy and saves more money.
                      Using public transport, carpooling, driving less, and walking more or using a bicycle for small distances.
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                      Keeping the doors closed for efficient use of air conditioners.
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