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Structure
• Object of the active sentence becomes the subject + Form of "to be" + Past participle + by + Agent
Examples:
• A letter (subject) was written (verb) by her (agent).
Parts of Speech
A sentence is made up of words. Every word has a specific function to play in a sentence to make it meaningful. It
falls into different categories to play a different role in a sentence. These categories are called the Parts of Speech.
It is important to learn these different parts of speech to understand the language well, to help you construct good
sentences for effective communication. The basic parts of speech are as follows:
Parts of Speech Definition Example
Noun Noun is a word that names a person, place, thing or an idea. Sunil is going to a school.
Pronoun is a word that replaces a noun. They are used to She likes to play in sand on
Pronoun avoid the repetition of nouns, so that, the sentences are the seashore.
smoother and effective.
Verbs are "doing words". It can be a word or a group of words Shruti danced to celebrate
Verbs
that describes an action or a state of being. my victory.
Adverb is a word that describes a verb, an adjective or John never participated in
Adverbs
another adverb. It also tells how an action was done. conversation.
Adjective An adjective is a word that defines a noun or a pronoun. I have a beautiful dress.
Conjunction is a word that joins words, phrases, clauses, or
sentences together. There are different types of conjunctions. I bought a pen, pencil, and
Conjunction
Some conjunctions may be used to make a list while some ruler for my exams.
may be used to connect thoughts, ideas or actions.
Preposition is a word that shows a relationship between a My cat is sitting under a
Preposition
noun and a pronoun in a sentence. dining table.
An interjection is a word or a phrase that expresses a sudden
or a strong feeling. Grammatically they are not related in a
Interjection sentence but expresses a relationship between a word and Alas! I am so lost without
you.
a phrase in a sentence. Sometimes they are followed by an
exclamation mark(!).
Use of Articles
An article is a word that describes a noun. It is used before a noun to show whether it is specific or not. In English
grammar there are three articles— A, An, The. They fall into the following two categories: definite and indefinite.
Definite—The
"THE" is a definite article which is used before a noun that indicates something clear or obvious. For example:
• The sun shines bright today.
Indefinite—A, An
• 'A' and 'An' are indefinite articles which are used before a noun that are not specific or known before. "A" is used
before a word beginning with a consonant (alphabets other than vowels) sound.
Communication Skills-I 23

