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           Shaping Young Minds Through Artificial Intelligence & Robotics




                                                              |
                                                  Content   Team Orange]]></page><page Index="4"><![CDATA[Published by:
                      Orange Education (An Imprint of Orange House Pvt Ltd)
                      9, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002
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                      Published and Distributed by Orange House Pvt Ltd




                            Preface


                      In today’s rapidly changing world, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics are transforming the way we live, learn and connect. As
                      the need for future-ready skills continues to grow, it is vital to equip students with the knowledge and tools required to excel
                      in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM).
                      AI RoboGenius offers an engaging learning journey that combines the fascinating worlds of Artificial Intelligence, robotics and
                      STEM education. Designed to spark curiosity and creativity in young learners, the series blends hands-on exploration, critical
                      thinking and real-world problem-solving to nurture innovation and logical reasoning.
                      The projects in AI RoboGenius can be carried out through both online simulations and physical kits, giving students the
                      flexibility to learn in digital or hands-on environments. Whether coding, designing or building, learners develop a strong
                      understanding of STEM and AI concepts while applying them in practical, meaningful ways. The series focuses on experiential
                      learning, ensuring that students not only grasp theoretical knowledge but also learn to use it effectively in real-life situations.
                      Aligned  with international  educational  standards,  AI  RoboGenius supports  the development  of essential  skills such as
                      analytical thinking, computational reasoning and creative problem-solving. By the end of the series, students will gain the
                      confidence to innovate, design intelligently and transform their ideas into tangible outcomes.
                      We welcome constructive suggestions to help enhance AI RoboGenius further and make the learning experience even more
                      inspiring and impactful.
                                                                                                                 —Author]]></page><page Index="5"><![CDATA[TRULY ALIGNED WITH THE 9 PRINCIPLES OF NCFSE-2023


                       The books follow the principles of curriculum, values and discipline while promoting inclusion
                        and using real-life contexts. They use clear language, creative pedagogy and technology to
                     make learning joyful. The presentation is engaging, supporting every child’s meaningful learning.

                                                      st
                                                    21  CENTURY SKILLS

                      Learning Skills (4Cs)            Literacy Skills (IMT)           Life Skills (FLIPS)

                            Critical Thinking                 Information Literacy           Flexibility
                            Creativity                       Media Literacy                   Leadership & Responsibility
                            Communication                     Technology Literacy            Initiative
                            Collaboration                                                     Productivity & Accountability
                                                                                             Social Interaction










                                                      DIGITAL RESOURCES


                 FLIPBOOK


















                                                                                        DIGITAL SIMULATIONS]]></page><page Index="6"><![CDATA[ABOUT THE SERIES




                                                        Learning Resources




                                Ask AIRO


                              Engages with curiosity-based
                              questions and explores insightful
                              answers.

                                                                                    Smart Spark

                                                                                  Discovers short and amazing facts
                                                                                  that spark curiosity and inspire
                                                                                  deeper learning.

                                Ethics Edge

                              Focuses on understanding, practising
                              and applying ethical values and
                              responsible behaviour in robotics.

                                                                                    Challenge Chain

                                                                                  Tackles step-up challenges that
                                                                                  introduce exciting twists and build
                                                                                  problem-solving skills.

                                Ecotech Energy

                              Explores how robots contribute to
                              environmental sustainability through
                              innovation and smart solutions.

                                                                                     Career Climb

                                                                                  Learns about diverse career paths
                                                                                  and how individuals shape and
                                                                                  grow their careers in robotics.
                                 Bot Bits


                              Revisits key points of the chapter
                              through a brief summary for easy
                              recall and understanding.]]></page><page Index="7"><![CDATA[Assessment Resources




                                                                                          Robo Check


                                                                             Reinforces understanding and
                                                                           improves recall of key concepts
                                                                                 through focused practice.

                                     Visual Vault

                      Enhances observation and visual
                  interpretation skills through engaging
                       and thought-provoking visuals.

                                                                          Competency-Based Questions

                                                                                 Builds the ability to apply
                                                                            knowledge effectively and think
                                                                           critically in real-world contexts.

                                      Case Study

                    Builds understanding of real-world
                        applications and highlights the
                       industry relevance of concepts.

                                                                                    Capstone Project

                                                                       Encourages meaningful connections
                                                                          between learning and real-world
                                                                             problem-solving experiences.

                                  Maker Mission

                     Fosters creativity, innovation and
                   hands-on application skills through
                     engaging and practical activities.
                                                                                       Innovation Lab


                                                                        Revises concepts through practical
                                                                               lab activities to understand
                                                                                     and build confidence.]]></page><page Index="8"><![CDATA[CONTENTS





                       1.     NATURAL VS ARTIFICIAL                                                              7
                                Natural Things                                   Artificial Things
                                Difference Between Natural and Artificial Things    Machine

                                Robot                                            Artificial Intelligence (AI)



                       2.     NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE                                               18
                                Natural Intelligence                             Artificial Intelligence




                       3.     MEET THE WORLD OF ROBOTS                                                         26
                                Robot                                            What Robots Can and Cannot Do
                                Components of a Robot




                       4.     MOVE LIKE A ROBOT: CODING BASICS WITH RODOCODO                                   37
                                Rodocodo                                         Sequencing- Movement
                                Sequencing- Rotation




                       5.     CONDUCTORS, INSULATORS & CIRCUIT LOGIC                                           57
                                Circuits                                         Types of Circuit
                                Building Simple Circuit




                              CAPSTONE PROJECT                                                                 69


                              COMPONENTS LIST                                                                   71



                              YOUNG INNOVATORS                                                                 72]]></page><page Index="9"><![CDATA[1












                                                                                                        Natural


                                                                                              vs Artificial






                 LEARNING OBJECTIVES


                    Natural Things                                            Artificial Things
                    Difference Between Natural and Artificial Things          Machine
                   Robot                                                      Artificial Intelligence (AI)




                            Hey AIRO! Are the Moon and

                            trees made by humans or nature?


                                                      They are natural, AVINA. The Moon, trees

                                                               and animals all come from nature.




                            So, what about things
                            like cars and computers?



                                               Great question! Those are artificial things. They

                                             are created by humans to make our lives easier.




                            So, you are artificial
                            too, AIRO?



                                                               Yes! I’m a robot made by humans.

                                                           I’m not alive, but I can do many tasks!








                                                                                       Natural vs Artificial
                                                                                                                    7]]></page><page Index="10"><![CDATA[In this chapter, you will learn about natural and human-made things. Natural
                  things come from nature, while human-made things are created by people

                  and are called artificial things. We see both kinds of things every day.

































                  NATURAL THINGS


                  Natural things come from nature and are not made by humans. They are gifts

                  provided by nature. These things are found on Earth and help us live. They
                  make the world a beautiful place.


                  Examples of Natural Things


                  Some examples of natural things are given below:




                      The Sun gives us light, warmth, helps plants
                     grow and keeps us healthy.












                                                                         Trees give us fresh air, shade and

                                                                         fruits to eat.




                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                  8]]></page><page Index="11"><![CDATA[Animals live on land, in water, and

                    in the sky, helping to maintain the
                    balance of life.













                                                                      The Moon shines at night and lights

                                                                      up the sky.





                 ARTIFICIAL THINGS

                 Artificial things are those that are made by humans. These things are created

                 to make our lives easier, like cars, toys and computers. They are made using

                 different materials, like plastic, metal and wood.


                 Examples of Artificial Things

                 Some examples of artificial things are given below:





                     A refrigerator keeps our food and
                    drinks cold and fresh.




















                                                                      An air conditioner makes the room
                                                                      cool and comfortable.





                                                                                       Natural vs Artificial
                                                                                                                    9]]></page><page Index="12"><![CDATA[A car helps us travel from

                     one place to another quickly.











                                                                    A  sharpener  makes  the  pencil’s  tip

                                                                    pointed for writing or drawing.





                  Artificial things are also of two types: machines and non-machines.


                  Machines like cars, computers and washing machines help people do work
                  faster and more easily.

                  Non-machines like chairs, clothes and pencils are made by humans for daily

                  use but do not work on their own.


                  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL THINGS


                  The difference between natural and artificial things are:


                                 Natural Things                                    Artificial Things

                   Natural things come from nature.                   Artificial things are made by humans.

                   Natural things like trees and animals  Artificial  things like toys  and cars
                   can grow.                                          cannot grow.


                   They give us air, water, food and  They help us travel, learn, play and
                   shelter.                                           work.

                   They help humans, animals  and  They help us do  things  faster and

                   plants live.                                       easier.

                   For Example: Sun, rivers, mountains  For Example:  cars, houses,  chairs,

                   and animals, etc.                                  books, pens, etc.



                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 10]]></page><page Index="13"><![CDATA[MACHINE

                 A machine is a human-made thing that makes your work simpler and faster.

                 There are many machines all around us. For example, a pair of scissors is a

                 simple machine used for cutting paper, cloth or other things.



                              Machines save                                         Machines do not
                                a lot of time.                                      make a mistake.



                        Machines can do                      Machines
                    repetitive tasks without              are very useful                  Machines can
                          any boredom.                          to us.                     work very fast.




                                  Machines                                       Machines do not need
                              never get tired.                                     food to get energy.




                 How Machines Work?


                 Humans need food to live and work. Similarly, machines need fuel, electricity
                 or human power to work. For example:

                    Machines that use fuel to work.


















                    Machines that use electricity to work.


















                                                                                       Natural vs Artificial
                                                                                                                    11]]></page><page Index="14"><![CDATA[Machines that use human power to work.




















                  ROBOT


                  A robot is a machine. It can act like a human and do many kinds
                  of work. It can also do some jobs that are too hard or dangerous

                  for humans. Robots follow steps one by one to finish their work.



                  ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)


                  Artificial Intelligence (AI) means when                               AI helps computers and

                  a machine can think, learn and make                       SMART        robots learn and think
                  decisions on its own, just like how we                    SPARK              like humans!

                  use our brains.




























                        Ask AIRO


                       The Sun gives us light and warmth, but what does the Moon give us?




                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 12]]></page><page Index="15"><![CDATA[Your grandmother is staying at your home for a few days.
                                            She wants fresh air in her room. What will be better for

                                           her: an air conditioner or some plants near the window?



                 It helps machines become smart so they can do things such as play games,
                 talk or help us in our work. Computers and robots are example of artificially

                 intelligent machines.

                 These machines can learn from experience and make decisions on their own,
                 just like humans. These machines, like computers and robots, can learn new

                 things, make choices and help us in many ways.



                          VISUAL VAULT
                          Identify the natural and artificial things and write their names.


















                         1.                                              2.


























                         3.                                               4.







                                                                                       Natural vs Artificial
                                                                                                                    13]]></page><page Index="16"><![CDATA[GAME




                                     PBS KIDS: CURIOUS GEORGE - FLOWER GARDEN

                  The Flower Garden game is a fun activity where you see how Curious George

                  grows flowers. You can count them playfully by clicking on them.


                   STEP - 1   To play game visit: https://pbskids.org/games/play/
                                 flower-garden/18982 or scan the QR Code.


                   STEP - 2   Click on the PLAY GAME button.





























                                   You will see a field without flowers. As Curious George waters the
                                 field, some flowers will blossom in a row.






























                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 14]]></page><page Index="17"><![CDATA[STEP - 3   Click on the flowers one by one to count them.






























                 The game will automatically count the flowers each time you click on them.
                 Once the counting is complete, Curious George will water the field again and

                 new flowers will blossom.







                  ECOTECH       Driverless cars can help the Earth by using clean energy like electricity
                  ENERGY        from the sun, reducing pollution and driving efficiently to save fuel.









                    «    Natural things come from nature and are not made by humans.
                    «    Artificial things are those that are made by humans.

                    «    Artificial things are also of two types: machines and non-machines.

                    «    A machine is a human-made thing that makes your work simpler and faster.

                    «    A robot is a machine. It can act like human and do many kinds of work.
                    «    Artificial  Intelligence  (AI) means  when a machine  can think,  learn and  make
                        decisions on its own, just like we use our brains.

                    «    The Flower Garden game is a fun activity where you see how Curious George
                        grows flowers.





                                                                                       Natural vs Artificial
                                                                                                                    15]]></page><page Index="18"><![CDATA[C. Fill in the blanks using the given hints:

                                                                                                                                                1.  A machine is a                    thing that makes your work                     Hints
                                                            ROBO CHECK                                                                             simpler and faster.                                                               Food

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Decisions
                  A. Tick ( ) the correct option.                                                                                               2.  Artificial things are made by                     .                          Human-made

                     1.  Which of the following gives us fruits to eat?                                                                         3.  Humans need                      to live and work.                           Natural things

                                (i)  Sun                                   (ii)  Flower                                                         4.  AI is a machine that can think, learn and make                          .      Humans
                                                                                                                                                5.                   like trees and animals can grow.
                                (iii)  Tree                                (iv)  Moon


                     2.  Identify the things that are found in nature and not made by humans.                                               COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS

                                (i)  Animals                               (ii)  Robot
                                                                                                                                            1.  Rohan sees a bird flying and a plane flying in the sky. Which one is natural and
                                (iii)  Refrigerator                        (iv)  Chair                                                          which one is artificial?


                     3.  Spot the source that gives light and warmth.                                                                       2.  Meena sees a machine that can think like a human. She wants to know what
                                                                                                                                                makes the machine smart.
                                (i)  Book                                  (ii)  Moon

                                (iii)  Sun                                 (iv)  Tree


                     4.  Recognise the machine that uses electricity to work.

                                (i)  Fan                                   (ii)  Bicycle

                                (iii)  Ball                                (iv)  Pencil


                     5.  Select the thing that is an example of an artificial thing.

                                (i)  Moon                                  (ii)  Car

                                (iii)  Tree                                (iv)  Sun


                  B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.


                     1.  The Moon shines at night and lights up the sky.

                     2.  Animals do not live on land, in water or in the sky.


                     3.  Natural things are gifts provided by nature.


                     4.  Chair and pencil are not made by humans.

                     5.  Machines need fuel or electricity to work.







                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 16]]></page><page Index="19"><![CDATA[C. Fill in the blanks using the given hints:

                    1.  A machine is a                     thing that makes your work                    Hints
                        simpler and faster.                                                              Food
                                                                                                       Decisions
                    2.  Artificial things are made by                     .                          Human-made

                    3.  Humans need                       to live and work.                          Natural things

                    4.  AI is a machine that can think, learn and make                           .      Humans
                    5.                   like trees and animals can grow.



                 COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS


                 1.  Rohan sees a bird flying and a plane flying in the sky. Which one is natural and
                    which one is artificial?

                 2.  Meena sees a machine that can think like a human. She wants to know what

                    makes the machine smart.




                                                           CASE STUDY




                    Rohan’s class teacher, Mrs. Shukla, goes for a walk in the school garden. She asks the

                    whole class to observe everything around them carefully. After the walk, she asks
                    them to make a list of the things they have seen, grouping them into two categories:
                    Natural things and Artificial things.


                  Based on the above case answer the following questions:

                  1.  What is the difference between natural and artificial things?



                  2.   Name one natural thing and one artificial thing you observed during the walk.


                  3.  Why do you think both natural and artificial things are important in our lives?















                                                                                       Natural vs Artificial
                                                                                                                    17]]></page><page Index="20"><![CDATA[2







                                                                                                         Natural


                                                                                             and Artificial



                                                                                                Intelligence






                  LEARNING OBJECTIVES


                    Natural Intelligence
                    Artificial Intelligence





                             My friends say I’m intelligent because I solve

                             problems quickly and learn new things fast.


                                                 That’s great, AVINA! I’m intelligent too, though

                                                    my intelligence works differently from yours.




                             Really, AIRO? How can a robot be intelligent
                             without feelings or a human brain?



                                               “Artificial” means man-made and “intelligence”

                                         means the ability to think, learn and decide logically.




                             So you process information, analyse patterns
                             and make smart choices like humans do?



                                                 Exactly! I’m artificial, but I can still understand,

                                                            reason and make intelligent decisions.








                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 18]]></page><page Index="21"><![CDATA[Intelligence  is the ability  to  think, understand
                 and learn from previous experience to act in a

                 given situation. Intelligence can be of two types—
                 natural intelligence and artificial intelligence.




                 NATURAL INTELLIGENCE


                 Natural intelligence is gifted by nature to humans

                 and some animals.

                                                            For example, when you take a sip of hot milk,
                                                            you feel the heat and put the cup away to cool

                                                            down. Once this has happened to you for the
                                                            first time, you always check before taking a

                                                            sip next time. This is called experience. From
                                                            such experiences,  human beings  become

                                                            intelligent.











                 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

                 Artificial  Intelligence  or AI refers to  the intelligence  created  by  humans. In

                 other words, Artificial Intelligence is the ablity of a machine to think and learn.
                 It makes machines as smart as humans.



























                                                                            Natural and Artificial Intelligence
                                                                                                                    19]]></page><page Index="22"><![CDATA[Artificially Intelligent Devices

                  There are many  devices  or gadgets  made  by  human beings  for different

                  purposes which have artificial intelligence. Let us have a look at a few examples.

                  AI in Toys

                  Aibo is an artificial dog with artificial
                  intelligence.  It can do  many  things

                  that  a  dog  can  do.  For example,
                  it  can bark like  a dog, play with

                  toys, listen to your commands and
                  identify different people.






                                                                        AI in Factories

                                                                        Artificially intelligent machines used
                                                                        in factories  are capable  of lifting,

                                                                        moving  and  packing  objects,  just
                                                                        like human beings.







                  AI in Television


                  Artificial Intelligence in television can
                  recognise  your  voice  and  natural

                  language to help you control it.









                                                                        AI in Smartphones

                                                                        Artificial Intelligence in smartphones

                                                                        helps you control your applications
                                                                        and other smart devices.







                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 20]]></page><page Index="23"><![CDATA[Brainy Fact


                    A machine built in the late  1990s called Kismet can
                    recognise emotions through human body language and
                    voice tone.






                               Task                                                              Century   #Communication
                                                                                                   21 st
                                                                                                  Skills

                   Discuss with your teacher and find any three machines which have artificial intelligence
                   in them. Find their pictures and paste in the space given below:




























































                                                                            Natural and Artificial Intelligence
                                                                                                                    21]]></page><page Index="24"><![CDATA[Reboot


                      Circle with green crayon on the objects that have natural intelligence and with red
                      crayon on the objects that have artificial intelligence.















































                                                                                                  21 st
                                                                                                 Century   #Media Literacy
                                                                                                  Skills
                            Video Session

                       Visit the following link OR scan the QR code to watch the video:

                       https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NpFNH_8nEvI










                     «      Intelligence is the ability to think, understand and learn from previous
                         experience to act in a given situation.

                     «      Artificial Intelligence makes machines as smart as humans.




                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 22]]></page><page Index="25"><![CDATA[ROBO CHECK



                 A. Tick ( ) the correct option.

                    1.  Which of the following has natural intelligence?





                               (i)                                       (ii)








                               (iii)                                     (iv)




                    2.  Which of the following has artificial intelligence?






                               (i)                                       (ii)










                               (iii)                                     (iv)






                    3.  Which of the following is not an example of AI?






                               (i)                                       (ii)








                               (iii)                                     (iv)






                                                                            Natural and Artificial Intelligence
                                                                                                                    23]]></page><page Index="26"><![CDATA[B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.

                     1.   AI in television can recognise voice and natural language.


                     2.  AI cannot make machines as smart as humans.

                     3.  There is no use of AI in smartphones.


                  C. Fill in the blanks using the given hints:                                            Hints

                     1.  Natural intelligence is gifted by                     to humans.                Identify

                     2.                  intelligence is created by humans.                               Nature
                                                                                                         Artificial
                     3.  Aibo can                    different people.

                  D. Look at the following images and tick the functions it can perform.





                                                                    Lift               Eat


                                                                    Sleep              Pack


                                                                    Walk               Bath






                                                                    Bark               Identify people


                                                                    Cook               Play


                                                                    Sleep              Read






                  COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS

                  1.  Arjun often wins coding competitions because he can think logically and solve

                     complex  problems  quickly.  Meera,  on  the  other  hand, understands  people’s
                     emotions well and helps her friends handle conflicts. Which type of intelligence is

                     shown by Arjun and Meera in these situations?

                  2.  When Aarav wakes up, he asks his smart device to play music and check the
                     weather. Later, Priya uses her phone’s voice assistant to set reminders for her
                     homework. Identify the device being used by both in these situations.



                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 24]]></page><page Index="27"><![CDATA[Deep Thinking                                                       21 st
                                                                                                 Century
                                                                                                 Skills  #Critical Thinking
                   Help the real dog search the artificial dog.






























































                                                                                                   21 st
                                                                                                  Century   #Creativity
                                                                                                   Skills
                             Lab


                      Open paint and draw:

                         a naturally intelligent thing
                         an artificially intelligent thing





                                                                            Natural and Artificial Intelligence
                                                                                                                    25]]></page><page Index="28"><![CDATA[3











                                                                                                       Meet the



                                                                                       World of Robots






                  LEARNING OBJECTIVES


                    Robot
                    What Robots Can and Cannot Do
                    Components of a Robot




                             Hey AIRO, do robots also think,

                             feel or laugh like humans?


                                                      No AVINA, robots can’t do all these things.

                                                             But we do have many other qualities.




                             Okay, please tell me
                             about your other qualities.



                                              We can work for a long time without getting tired

                                          with great accuracy which humans can’t always do.




                             Humans make robots,
                             so we’re smarter!



                                                             Yes, humans made me. But together,

                                                         humans and robots make a great team!








                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 26]]></page><page Index="29"><![CDATA[You have already learnt about machines in the previous chapter. Machines
                 are all around us and are made by humans to help us. Robots are special

                 kinds of machines that can do many things to make our work easier. Let’s find
                 out more about robots in this chapter.











































                 ROBOT


                 A robot is like a special, smart machine that can do jobs
                 humans tell it to do. Some robots look like humans or animals

                 and others are just boxes with wheels. They can help us by
                 building  cars, cleaning  floors or even playing  fun  games.

                 Robots help people with difficult tasks and never get tired.
                 Some robots use AI, which makes them smart. These robots

                 can learn, think and make simple decisions on their own.


                 Examples of Robots


                 Real robots have been around for more than 50 years. Nowadays, robots
                 are used in various places like hospital, school, home, etc. Let us look at few

                 real-world examples.


                                                                                 Meet the World of Robots
                                                                                                                    27]]></page><page Index="30"><![CDATA[Aibo

                  Aibo is a lovable robotic dog whose
                  personality and behaviour changes

                  with time. It has the ability to identify
                  its owner's face, pick up smiles and

                  compliments and learn new skills. It
                  also enjoys being petted.







                                                       Sophia

                                                       Sophia is a robot  that looks  like  a person.  She

                                                       can talk, smile and show feelings. Sophia can give
                                                       answers to your questions. She is a smart robot.











                  Roomba

                  Roomba is a small robot that cleans

                  the  floor. It can sweep  and pick
                  up dust  by itself. Roomba  moves

                  around the house and helps keep it
                  clean.







                                                        Paro

                                                        Paro is a robot  that looks  like  a baby seal. It

                                                        can move, make sounds and respond when you
                                                        touch it. Paro helps people feel happy, especially

                                                        in hospitals. Paro can blink, turn its  head  and
                                                        respond to your voice.






                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 28]]></page><page Index="31"><![CDATA[DeliveryBot

                 A DeliveryBot is a small and friendly
                 robot with wheels that moves along

                 the footpath. It looks like a little box
                 on wheels and brings things like food

                 or parcels right to your doorstep.




                                                              IRIS

                                                              Iris is a smart robot teacher from India. It

                                                              can move on wheels and talk to students.
                                                              Iris  helps children learn  by answering
                                                              questions,  explaining lessons and playing

                                                              fun learning games.





                                   Some schools use robot teachers to help students learn more quickly.
                                    However, some teachers believe that robots can’t understand how
                                            kids feel. Let’s discuss which side is more convincing.





                 WHAT ROBOTS CAN AND CANNOT DO


                            What Robots Can Do                              What Robots Cannot Do

                  Robots can move by themselves.                     Robots  cannot  live naturally like

                                                                     humans or animals.

                  A robot  can do many jobs  without  Robots  cannot feel happy,  sad or
                  getting tired.                                     excited.


                  Robots can clean homes, offices and  Robots  cannot  make  their  own
                  schools.                                           choices.

                  Robots can help doctors and nurses  Robots  cannot  hug  or comfort

                  in hospitals.                                      people.

                  Robots can play games, dance, talk  Robots cannot think on their own.

                  and teach children.



                                                                                 Meet the World of Robots
                                                                                                                    29]]></page><page Index="32"><![CDATA[VISUAL VAULT
                           Identify the robots and write their names.

















                           1.                                              2.






















                           3.                                              4.





                  COMPONENTS OF A ROBOT


                  A robot is made up of different parts that help it work. These parts are called
                  components and each one has a special job to do. Let us learn about some of

                  its important parts.

                  Head


                  The head is the top part of a robot. It helps the robot see
                  and hear using cameras or sensors. Some robot heads

                  can even talk or show feelings.



                                      NASA uses robots like Rover on
                      SMART        Mars to explore places that are too
                      SPARK
                                   dangerous or far away for humans.



                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 30]]></page><page Index="33"><![CDATA[Body

                 The body is the middle part of a robot. It

                 holds all the parts together and keeps the
                 robot strong. The body also has batteries

                 or a computer that helps the robot move
                 and work.








                                     The first industrial robot,
                     SMART
                     SPARK        called Unimate, was invented
                                    in 1954 by George Devol.









                                                    Arms


                                                    Robots use arms to pick up and move objects. Some
                                                    robotic arms can wave, shake hands or even play.

                                                    These arms enable robots to perform tasks such as
                                                    holding items, cleaning and assisting people.








                 Legs or Wheel


                 Robots move using legs or wheels. These allow them
                 to travel from one place to another, explore, deliver

                 things and carry out tasks efficiently.








                      Ask AIRO


                      Robots have sensors, humans have brains. Who can think better?




                                                                                 Meet the World of Robots
                                                                                                                    31]]></page><page Index="34"><![CDATA[GAME




                                                     ABCYA: MAKE A ROBOT

                  Let’s get hands-on and create a robot! You can choose different heads, arms

                  and legs. To make a robot, follow the given steps:


                   STEP - 1   Open the Web browser.

                   STEP - 2    Visit the given link: https://www.abcya.com/games/

                                 make_a_robot or scan the QR code.



























                   STEP - 3    Click on the Play button. A screen will appear with many robot
                                 parts  like  heads,  bodies,  arms  and  legs, etc.,  ready  for you  to

                                 choose and build your own robot.






























                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 32]]></page><page Index="35"><![CDATA[STEP - 4    Click on the Head section and choose your robot’s head and facial

                                parts like eyes, mouth and ears.

                                  The parts can be resized, moved backward or forward and rotated
                                or flipped to make the robot look perfect.
































                  STEP - 5    Click on the Body section and select your robot’s neck and chest
                                to give it a perfect body shape.

                  STEP - 6    Click on the Arms section, choose your robot’s arms and hands

                                and place them in the right spot.

































                                                                                 Meet the World of Robots
                                                                                                                    33]]></page><page Index="36"><![CDATA[STEP - 7    Click on the Legs section and choose the legs/feet to complete the
                                 robot’s body. After adding all the parts, your robot is ready.


                   STEP - 8    Click on the menu and choose the option to print or download the
                                 robot image.































                   STEP - 9    Type your name, your robot’s name and a short note about robot.































                   STEP - 10    Click on the Download button and the picture will be downloaded.

                  After completing all the steps, the robot is fully built, named and saved — a

                  creative and colourful robot is ready to show and share with everyone.




                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 34]]></page><page Index="37"><![CDATA[ECOTECH       Sophia can talk and learn. She could teach people how to save water and
                  ENERGY        trees.









                    «    A robot is like a special, smart machine that can do jobs humans
                        tell it to do.

                    «    Sophia is a robot that looks like a person. She can talk, smile and show feelings.
                    «    Robots use arms to pick up and move objects.








                                                           ROBO CHECK


                 A. Tick ( ) the correct option.
                    1.  Select the robot used in hospitals to make people feel calm and happy.


                               (i)  Aibo                                 (ii)  Paro

                               (iii)  DeliveryBot                        (iv)  Roomba

                    2.  Choose the robot that can talk, smile and show emotions.


                               (i)  Paro                                 (ii)  Roomba

                               (iii)  Sophia                             (iv)  Aibo

                    3.  Spot the robot that looks like a small box on wheels.


                               (i)  Aibo                                 (ii)  Roomba

                               (iii)  Paro                               (iv)  DeliveryBot

                    4.  Identify the part of the robot that allows it to pick up or carry objects.


                               (i)  Legs                                 (ii)  Body

                               (iii)  Arms                               (iv)  Head

                    5.  Recognise the robot part that helps it stay powered and controlled.

                               (i)  Body                                 (ii)  Head


                               (iii)  Legs                               (iv)  Arms


                                                                                 Meet the World of Robots
                                                                                                                    35]]></page><page Index="38"><![CDATA[B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.

                     1.  Iris is a smart robot teacher from India.

                     2.  Delivery Bot is a robot that delivers food and packages.

                     3.  Robots can feel happy or sad like humans.


                     4.  Body holds all the parts together and keeps the robot strong.

                     5.  The Legs is the middle part of a robot.


                  C. Fill in the blanks using the given hints:

                     1.  The                  help people with difficult tasks and never                    Hints
                         get tired.                                                                         Head
                                                                                                           50 years
                     2.  Robots cannot                     on their own.
                                                                                                            Robots
                     3.  The                  helps the robot hear using cameras or sensors.                Think

                     4.  Legs and                   help robots go from one place to another.               Wheel
                     5.  Real robots have been around for more than                            .



                  COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS


                  1.  Sreerag learned about a robot dog that can play and follow him. What part of
                     the robot helps it move and play with him?

                  2.  Meena has a robot that cleans her house all by itself. What type of robot it is?





                                                             CASE STUDY




                     This robot looks like a small pet with a head that can show emotions and arms that

                     can wave or shake hands. It’s designed to play with people, follow commands and
                     interact with them, just like a pet.


                    Based on the above case answer the following questions:

                    1.  What does the robot’s head do to interact with people?


                    2.  Why is it important for the robot to have arms that can move?






                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 36]]></page><page Index="39"><![CDATA[4




                                                                                                              Move


                                                                                              Like a Robot:

                                                                                            Coding Basics



                                                                                         with Rodocodo






                 LEARNING OBJECTIVES


                   Rodocodo
                   Sequencing- Movement
                   Sequencing- Rotation




                            Hey AIRO, can you tell

                            me what coding is?


                                          Hello AVINA! Coding is simply the process of giving

                                                instructions to a computer to tell it what to do.




                            Can we use coding
                            to play games?



                                       Yes, indeed! Many fun games are made using coding,

                                             where you tell the computer or robot what to do.




                            Wow! What kinds of games
                            can we play with coding?



                                               Let me introduce you to Rodocodo, a fun game

                                                  where you can code a robot to move or turn.








                                                              Move Like a Robot: Coding Basics with Rodocodo
                                                                                                                    37]]></page><page Index="40"><![CDATA[In the previous chapter, you have learnt that robots are special machines that
                  can do many tasks. But do you know how they move or follow instructions?

                  In this chapter, you will discover how robots work and move by playing a fun
                  game called Rodocodo.



                  RODOCODO


                  Rodocodo is a fun game that makes coding easy to learn. It helps you learn

                  how to  think,  solve  problems  and  play  smart  games.  You  do  not  need  to
                  write or read big words. You can play Rodocodo on a web browser without
                  downloading anything.



                  Starting Rodocodo

                  To start the Rodocodo game, follow the given steps:


                   STEP - 1    Open the web browser and type: https://www.rodocodo.com/hour

                                 -of-code/rodocodo-code-hour/ or scan the QR code.


                   STEP - 2   Click on the Play Online button.












































                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 38]]></page><page Index="41"><![CDATA[STEP - 3   Click on the Part 1 button.



























                  STEP - 4   Click on the START button.



























                  STEP - 5   Click on the Let’s Go button.



























                                                              Move Like a Robot: Coding Basics with Rodocodo
                                                                                                                    39]]></page><page Index="42"><![CDATA[STEP - 6    Click on the Video play button to watch the tutorial.
                                 OR
                                 Click on the SKIP button to skip the video.




























                  The Rodocodo game window will appear.



                  Components of Rodocodo Window

                  The Rodocodo window has different components which help you to play the
                  game. These are:



                                                                                                            Instant
                                                                                                          Feedback








                           Game World
                                                                                                          Code Area


                  Play/Pause Button                                                                       Delete

                     Command Blocks


                     Game World: The main area where the character moves and completes
                     tasks.


                     Command Blocks: Code blocks like move forward or turn used to give
                     instructions.



                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 40]]></page><page Index="43"><![CDATA[Code Area: The space to arrange command blocks and build a program.

                    Play/Pause Button: Run and stop the command created in the code area.

                    Instant  Feedback: Shows right away  how the  code  works and helps
                    correct mistakes.

                    Delete: You can remove an incorrect block here.



                 Blocks

                 Blocks  help  the  Rodocodo  cat                SMART         Cats can move, turn and pick
                                                                                coins up only when given the
                 move,  turn and  pick things.                   SPARK         right sequence of code blocks.
                 You need to join the blocks in

                 the right order to complete each level. Some of the blocks are:


                                Block                                              Use





                                                       This block helps the cat reach the destination.

                           Move Block




                                                       Using this block, the cat turns left.

                         Turn Left Block




                                                       Using this block, the cat turns right.

                        Turn Right Block





                          VISUAL VAULT
                          Identify the following blocks and write their names:










                          1.                            2.                             3.






                                                              Move Like a Robot: Coding Basics with Rodocodo
                                                                                                                    41]]></page><page Index="44"><![CDATA[SEQUENCING – MOVEMENT

                  Sequencing Movement means  putting  actions  in  the  correct  order. In

                  Rodocodo,  movements  help the Rodocodo  cat  go forward  to  reach the

                  destination. Let’s learn it by playing the Level 1 of Rodocodo game.


                  Level 1

                  To play  the  Sequencing  Movements  Rodocodo  game  on  Level 1, follow the

                  given steps:

                   STEP - 1   Click on the START button.


                   STEP - 2   Click on the Let’s Go button.


                   STEP - 3   Click on the SKIP button to skip the video.
























































                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 42]]></page><page Index="45"><![CDATA[STEP - 4   Drag and drop the blocks to the Code Area to create the code.




























                  STEP - 5   Click on the Play/Pause button.





























                                                              Move Like a Robot: Coding Basics with Rodocodo
                                                                                                                    43]]></page><page Index="46"><![CDATA[If you code correctly your Rodocodo cat will reach the destination and instant
                  feedback will appear.































                   STEP - 6   Click on the Next button to play the next level.


                  But if your code is incorrect, the Rodocodo cat will not reach the destination
                  and you will need to fix the code to help it get there.


                  Level 2


                  To play game on Level 2, follow the given steps:


                   STEP - 1   Drag and drop the blocks to the Code Area to create the code.

































                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 44]]></page><page Index="47"><![CDATA[STEP - 2   Click on the Play/Pause button.

































                   When it reaches the destination, a screen will pop up showing that you have

                 found an optimal solution. To go to Level 3, click the Next button.


                 Level 3

                 To play game on Level 3, follow the given steps:



                  STEP - 1   Drag and drop the blocks to the Code Area to create the code.



































                                                              Move Like a Robot: Coding Basics with Rodocodo
                                                                                                                    45]]></page><page Index="48"><![CDATA[STEP - 2   Click on the Play/Pause button.

































                  When the cat reaches the destination, a new screen will appear to show that

                  you have found an optimal solution. Now, click the Next button to go to Level 4.


                  Level 4

                  To play game on Level 4, follow the given steps:



                   STEP - 1   Drag and drop the blocks to the Code Area to create the code.



































                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 46]]></page><page Index="49"><![CDATA[STEP - 2   Click on the Play/Pause button.


























                 Once the  cat  reaches the destination,  you  have completed  all levels of

                 Sequencing Movement game.


                      Ask AIRO

                      If the blocks are in the wrong order and you cannot use delete button, how can the
                      cat still reach the destination?



                 SEQUENCING – ROTATION


                 Sequencing Rotation means turning in the correct order. In Rodocodo, rotations

                 help the cat move and turn left or right in the correct direction to reach the
                 destination. Let’s learn it by playing Level 2 of the Rodocodo game.


                  STEP - 1   Click on the Let’s Go button to start.



























                                                              Move Like a Robot: Coding Basics with Rodocodo
                                                                                                                    47]]></page><page Index="50"><![CDATA[STEP - 2    Click on the Video play button to watch the tutorial.
                                 OR
                                 Click on the SKIP button.































                                                           When we tell robots what to do,
                                                       we should make sure they help people
                                                            and the planet in a good way.





                  Level 1

                  To play game on Level 1, follow the given steps:


                   STEP - 1   Drag and drop the blocks to the Code Area to create the code.






























                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 48]]></page><page Index="51"><![CDATA[STEP - 2   Click on the Play/Pause button.

































                   If  your  code is correct,  the Rodocodo  cat  will  reach the destination  and a

                 message will appear on the screen.


































                  STEP - 3   Click on the Next button to play the next level.


                 If your code is incorrect, the Rodocodo cat will not reach the destination. You
                 need to fix the code to help it get there.





                                                              Move Like a Robot: Coding Basics with Rodocodo
                                                                                                                    49]]></page><page Index="52"><![CDATA[Level 2

                  To play game on Level 2, follow the given steps:


                   STEP - 1   Drag and drop the blocks to the Code Area to create the code.



































                   STEP - 2   Click on the Play/Pause button.


































                  When the cat reaches the destination, a screen will appear to show that you
                  have found an optimal solution. Click the Next button to start Level 3.




                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 50]]></page><page Index="53"><![CDATA[Level 3

                 To play game on Level 3, follow the given steps:


                  STEP - 1   Drag and drop the blocks to the Code Area to create the code.



































                  STEP - 2   Click on the Play/Pause button.

































                 When the cat reaches the destinations, a screen will appear to show that you

                 found an optimal solution. Click Next to start Level 4.




                                                              Move Like a Robot: Coding Basics with Rodocodo
                                                                                                                    51]]></page><page Index="54"><![CDATA[Level 4

                  To play game on Level 4, follow the given steps:


                   STEP - 1   Drag and drop the blocks to the Code Area to create the code.


































                   STEP - 2   Click on the Play/Pause button.


































                  When the cat reaches the destination, a new screen will appear to show that

                  you have found an optimal solution. You have finished all the levels of the
                  Sequencing Rotation game.


                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 52]]></page><page Index="55"><![CDATA[CHALLENGE CHAIN

                  In rotation levels, make the cat finish Levels 1 to 3 without using Turn Left. Plan the
                  steps and reach the finish line.




                  ECOTECH       Robots can follow steps to pick up trash and keep places clean. They can
                  ENERGY        find trash using their sensors and keep things tidy by working on their own.









                    «    Rodocodo helps you learn how to think, solve problems and play
                        smart games.

                    «    In Rodocodo, movements help the Rodocodo cat go forward to reach the destination.

                    «    Blocks help the Rodocodo cat move, turn and pick things.

                    «    In Rodocodo, rotations help the cat move and turn left or right in the correct way
                        to reach the destination.









                                                           ROBO CHECK


                 A. Tick ( ) the correct option.

                    1.  Which block helps the cat reach the destination?

                               (i)  Turn Right Block                     (ii)  Move Block


                               (iii)  Delete Block                       (iv)  Play Button

                    2.  Identify the area where the character moves and completes tasks.

                               (i)  Game World                           (ii)  Code Area


                               (iii)  Command Blocks                     (iv)  Instant Feedback

                    3.  Choose the component that runs the commands created in the Code Area.

                               (i)  Play Button                          (ii)  Game World


                               (iii)  Delete                             (iv)  Command Blocks





                                                              Move Like a Robot: Coding Basics with Rodocodo
                                                                                                                    53]]></page><page Index="56"><![CDATA[4.  Select the block that turns the cat left.                                                                          COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS

                                (i)  Turn Left Block                       (ii)  Move Block
                                                                                                                                            1.  Ayesha  puts  the blocks  in the wrong  order and the cat  stops  before  the

                                (iii)  Turn Right Block                    (iv)  Pick Block                                                     destination. Which button can she use to fix the blocks and help the cat reach
                                                                                                                                                the destination?
                     5.  Mark the correct use of the Delete tool.
                                                                                                                                            2.  Tia wants to test if her coding blocks are correct before starting a new level.
                                (i)  Add more blocks
                                                                                                                                                Which feature helps her see how the code works right away?
                                (ii)  Replay the game


                                (iii)  Remove an incorrect block


                                (iv)  Show feedback


                  B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.


                     1.  The Code Area is used to arrange command blocks and build
                         a program.


                     2.  You need to download Rodocodo before playing it.


                     3.  Instant Feedback helps you correct mistakes.


                     4.  Sequencing Rotations means turning in the correct order.


                     5.  In Rodocodo, you need to write or read big words.


                  C. Fill in the blanks using the given hints:

                     1.  Rodocodo is a fun game that makes                            easy to             Hints

                         learn.                                                                         Command
                                                                                                        Movement
                     2.  The                  help the Rodocodo cat move, turn and                        Coding
                         pick things.                                                                   Complete

                     3.  Sequencing                     means putting actions in the                      Blocks

                         correct order.

                     4.                  blocks like move forward or turn used to give
                         instructions.

                     5.  When the cat reaches the destination, a new screen will appear to show that

                         the level is                 .



                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 54]]></page><page Index="57"><![CDATA[COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS

                 1.  Ayesha  puts  the blocks  in the wrong  order and the cat  stops  before the

                    destination. Which button can she use to fix the blocks and help the cat reach
                    the destination?

                 2.  Tia wants to test if her coding blocks are correct before starting a new level.

                    Which feature helps her see how the code works right away?









                 Fix the Mixed-Up Code

                 Look at the mixed-up blocks your teacher has given. Think and put them in the right order.
                 Run the game and see if the cat can reach the goal. If the cat does not reach, change the
                 order and try again!






                 Goal



                 Setup







                 Observation





















                             Learn Rodocodo to build a career in robotics and game design.








                                                              Move Like a Robot: Coding Basics with Rodocodo
                                                                                                                    55]]></page><page Index="58"><![CDATA[maker mission


                                                     Build a Block Code Board

                  Let’s make a game using everyday material, such as:
                     Cardboard               Markers               Coin            Small square paper pieces

                  Follow the steps given below to play game:





                   STEP - 1        Write commands such as MOVE, LEFT and RIGHT
                                 on small pieces of paper. Also, make one paper
                                 with the word Finish.










                                                 STEP - 2        Place  them  on the  cardboard  to  make  a code

                                                                sequence.










                   STEP - 3        Read the blocks and move the coin.










                                                 STEP - 4        Reach the finish point and count how many times

                                                                you  use the LEFT  and RIGHT  command  blocks
                                                                before reaching the Finish point.



















                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 56]]></page><page Index="59"><![CDATA[5







                                                                                                 Conductors,


                                                                                                    Insulators



                                                                                            & Circuit Logic






                 LEARNING OBJECTIVES


                   Circuits
                   Types of Circuit
                   Building Simple Circuit




                            Hey AIRO, the light bulb is not glowing.

                            What’s wrong with my circuit?


                                                  Maybe the wires are not connected properly.

                                                               Electricity needs a full path to flow!




                            Oh! So a circuit means a
                            round path for electricity?



                                                                         Exactly! When the circuit is

                                                                        complete, the bulb lights up.




                            Look! Now it’s glowing! The battery gives
                            power and the wires carry it to the bulb!



                                                                     That’s right! The battery, wires

                                                                         and bulb all work together.








                                                                        Conductors, Insulators & Circuit Logic
                                                                                                                    57]]></page><page Index="60"><![CDATA[In this chapter, you will learn about electricity. Electricity is a form of energy
                  that helps us in many ways every day. It makes lights glow, fans spin and

                  machines work. We use electricity at home, in schools and in offices.



                  CIRCUITS

                  The electricity  moves in a path  called  a circuit.  A circuit  helps the  electric

                  power move from one place to another. When the circuit is complete, things

                  like bulbs and fan works.




















                                        Smart learners choose the right materials so their circuits work
                                         well and everyone stays safe. They select components that are
                                           reliable and ensure proper insulation to prevent accidents.


                  For example: A toy car works with a battery. The battery, wires and motor
                  make a circuit. When the wires are connected properly, the car moves. If the

                  wires are not connected, the car does not move.


                        Ask AIRO


                       If the voltage is increased in a circuit, what happens to the bulb’s brightness?





                  Basic Components of Circuits


                  The basic components of circuits are:

                  Battery

                  A battery gives power to a circuit. It helps electricity move
                  through the wires. Without a battery, the bulb, fan, etc.,

                  cannot work.


                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 58]]></page><page Index="61"><![CDATA[Wires

                                          The wires carry electricity from the battery to the bulb, fan

                                          or toy. They help electricity move so things can work.


                                                                     Bulb

                                                                     The  bulb lights up when  electricity

                                      Copper wires help              moves  through the circuit,  which
                     SMART         electricity flow because          means the circuit is
                     SPARK
                                  they are good conductors.          working properly.





                                                Switch

                                                A switch helps to start or stop the
                                                flow of electricity. When it is ON, the bulb lights up

                                                and when it is OFF, the bulb does not light up.


                 Conductor

                 A  conductor  helps  electricity  move  from  one

                 place  to  another. It allows electricity to  flow
                 easily and keeps the circuit working. Without a

                 conductor, electricity cannot move and the bulb
                 will not light up.

                 Common  conductors  are copper,  steel,  silver,

                 gold and water. They help electricity move in a

                 circuit so things can work.

                                                     Insulator

                                                     An  insulator is  a material  that  stops  electricity

                                                     from circuit. It does not allow electricity to flow in
                                                     a circuit. Insulators are important because they

                                                     keep us safe from electric shocks.

                                                     Common  insulators  are rubber, plastic,  wood,
                                                     glass and paper. They do not let electricity pass

                                                     and help keep people safe.



                                                                        Conductors, Insulators & Circuit Logic
                                                                                                                    59]]></page><page Index="62"><![CDATA[VISUAL VAULT
                           Look at the image and write one line about its use.










                           1.









                           2.









                           3.










                           4.






                  TYPES OF CIRCUITS


                  There are two types of circuits: Series Circuit and Parallel Circuit.


                  Series Circuit


                  A series circuit is a circuit where all parts are connected
                  in a single line. Electricity flows through each part one by

                  one.

                  For example, a string of Christmas lights is a series circuit.
                  All the bulbs are joined in a line. If one bulb goes out, all

                  the lights go off.




                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 60]]></page><page Index="63"><![CDATA[Parallel Circuit

                 A parallel circuit is a circuit where parts are connected

                 in separate  paths.  Electricity  can flow through each
                 path at the same time.

                 For example, in a house, each light has its own path. If

                 one light goes out, the other lights still work.






                                                       CHALLENGE CHAIN
                  Use a battery, wires, bulb, wood and pencil to make a circuit. Connect the wood

                  between the wires and check if the bulb glows. Then connect the pencil instead of
                  wood and observe carefully which material allows electricity to pass.





                 BUILDING SIMPLE CIRCUIT


                 To build a simple circuit, the following components are needed:

                          Components                                          Exploration




                                                       It gives power to the bulb.
                              Battery






                                                       It lights up when it gets power.

                                Bulb


                                                       They carry electricity from the battery to the


                               Wires                   bulb.

                 To build a simple circuit, follow the given steps:


                  STEP - 1   Open the web browser and type:  https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/
                                html/circuit-construction-kit-dc/latest/circuit-

                                construction-kit-dc_all.html or scan the QR code.




                                                                        Conductors, Insulators & Circuit Logic
                                                                                                                    61]]></page><page Index="64"><![CDATA[STEP - 2    Select the Intro section.



















                  After selecting the Intro section, a new screen will appear, showing a circuit
                  design workspace.

                  The window has different components that help you build a circuit. These are:


                                                                           Show Current


                                                                                   Label

                                                                                    Value
                                      Toolbox
                                                                              Voltmeter
                                                                                              Ammeter

                                                             Workspace







                                       Real view and circuit symbol


                                       Zoom in and out




                     Workspace: The place where we make our circuit.

                     Show Current:

                        Electrons: Shows current moving from the negative side to the positive
                         side.
                        Conventional: Shows current moving from the  positive  side  to  the

                         negative side.

                     Label: Shows the name of each part.

                     Value: Shows the electrical values such as voltage and current.


                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 62]]></page><page Index="65"><![CDATA[Voltmeter: A voltmeter checks the power of electricity.

                    Ammeter: An ammeter checks the flow of electricity.
                     Toolbox: The parts we use to make a circuit, like battery, wire, bulb and

                    switch.
                    Zoom in and out: Zoom in makes big, zoom out makes small.

                     Real view and circuit symbol: Shows parts as they look in real life or as

                    circuit symbols.

                  STEP - 3   Drag the battery from the Toolbox.


                  STEP - 4   Click on the battery and then click on the flip button to change its

                                power direction.




























                  STEP - 5   Drag the two wires. Connect them to the positive and negative
                                ends of the battery.




























                                                                        Conductors, Insulators & Circuit Logic
                                                                                                                    63]]></page><page Index="66"><![CDATA[STEP - 6   Drag a bulb and connect it to the wire.


























                  The output shows the bulb lighting up, which means the circuit is complete and
                  working correctly. The wires connect all the parts, allowing electricity to flow.




                                                         VIRTUAL TO REAL



                  The above virtual task  can also be  carried  out  using  physical  hardware

                  components. Let's perform the same.


                  Materials Required
















                                   Battery                      Wires                         Bulb



                  Steps Walkthrough

                  To turn on a bulb, take the two wires and connect one end of each wire to the
                  battery, one to the positive (+) side and the other to the negative (-) side.

                  Next, attach the other ends of the wires to the bottom of the bulb.





                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 64]]></page><page Index="67"><![CDATA[Final Output


                 The bulb will light up, which means the circuit is complete and working correctly.
                 The wires allow electricity to flow and making the bulb glow.




























                  ECOTECH       Solar panels use sunlight instead of batteries to make bulbs glow and save
                  ENERGY        energy.









                    «    The electricity moves in a path called a circuit.
                    «    A circuit helps the electric power move from one place to another.

                    «    There are two types of circuits: Series Circuit and Parallel Circuit.

                    «    A series circuit is a circuit where all parts are connected in a single line.
                    «    A parallel circuit is a circuit where parts are connected in separate paths.








                                                           ROBO CHECK



                 A. Tick ( ) the correct option.
                    1.  Identify the part of a circuit that gives power to the bulb.


                               (i)  Switch                               (ii)  Battery

                               (iii)  Wire                               (iv)  Bulb



                                                                        Conductors, Insulators & Circuit Logic
                                                                                                                    65]]></page><page Index="68"><![CDATA[2.  Choose the correct example of a conductor.                                                                         COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS

                                (i)  Plastic                               (ii)  Rubber
                                                                                                                                            1.  Aarush connects a metal and a plastic spoon to a battery and a bulb to test his

                                (iii)  Copper                              (iv)  Wood                                                           circuit. The bulb glows when he uses the metal spoon but does not glow with the

                     3.  Select the circuit where if one light stops, all lights stop.                                                          plastic one. Why does the bulb glow only with the metal spoon?
                                                                                                                                            2.  Riya notices that at home, each light and fan can work even if one switch is off.
                                (i)  Parallel circuit                      (ii)  Open circuit
                                                                                                                                                She wonders how that happens. What type of circuit is used in Riya’s house?
                                (iii)  Series circuit                      (iv)  Mixed circuit

                     4.  Mark the material that does not let electricity pass through it.

                                (i)  Steel                                 (ii)  Aluminum


                                (iii)  Wood                                (iv)  Copper

                     5.  Which of these helps electricity move from the battery to the bulb?

                                (i)  Wires                                 (ii)  Switch


                                (iii)  Insulator                           (iv)  Plastic


                  B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.

                     1.  Rubber, glass and wood are good insulator.

                     2.  Without a battery, the bulb, fan or toy can still work.


                     3.  Electricity can flow only when the circuit is complete.


                     4.  A circuit is a broken path for electricity to travel.

                     5.  The bulb shows that the circuit is working when it lights up.


                  C. Fill in the blanks using the given hints:
                                                                                                          Hints
                     1.  In a parallel circuit, circuit parts are connected in
                                                                                                          Switch
                                         paths.                                                          Separate

                     2.  A                  checks the power of electricity.                            Voltmeter
                     3.  The                  shows the name of each part.                              Electricity
                                                                                                          Label
                     4.  The bulb lights up when                      moves through the

                         circuit.
                     5.  A                  helps to start or stop the flow of electricity.





                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 66]]></page><page Index="69"><![CDATA[COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS

                 1.  Aarush connects a metal and a plastic spoon to a battery and a bulb to test his

                    circuit. The bulb glows when he uses the metal spoon but does not glow with the
                    plastic one. Why does the bulb glow only with the metal spoon?

                 2.  Riya notices that at home, each light and fan can work even if one switch is off.

                    She wonders how that happens. What type of circuit is used in Riya’s house?









                 Make two circuits using the components — one in a line for a series connection and another

                 with separate paths for a parallel connection. Watch how the bulbs glow in each circuit
                 and notice the difference in their brightness.





                 Goal




                 Setup






                 Observation






















                             Learn circuits to build a career in electrical engineering or circuit design.










                                                                        Conductors, Insulators & Circuit Logic
                                                                                                                    67]]></page><page Index="70"><![CDATA[maker mission


                                                       Draw a Simple Circuit

                  Let’s create an easy circuit using common materials found at home.
                     White drawing sheet/chart paper              Pencil and eraser         Crayons/colour pencils

                     Sketch pens (optional for outlines)          Ruler





                   STEP - 1    Draw a small rectangle to show a battery on
                                drawing sheet and write Battery below it.




                                                   STEP - 2    Draw  two  lines  (wires) from both  ends  of the

                                                                battery — one from the start and one from the
                                                                end. Use red colour for the positive (+) side and
                                                                black colour for the negative (–) side.




                   STEP - 3    Draw a bulb and write Bulb below. Draw a
                                 black wire from the battery to the negative (–)
                                 point of the bulb.





                                                   STEP - 4    Draw a switch and write switch under it. Draw a
                                                                red colour line from battery to switch and then
                                                                draw red line from switch to bulb's positive (+)
                                                                side.




                   STEP - 5    Write ON or OFF near the switch to show
                                 its position. When the switch is ON, make
                                 the bulb glow brightly.



















                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 68]]></page><page Index="71"><![CDATA[SMART ROBOT TASK PERFORMER


                                                                   Design  and  program  a  smart  robot  that
                                                                   can move, rotate and pick up objects using

                                                                   proper coding sequences in Rodocodo and to
                          CAPSTONE PROJECT                         understand how electric circuits help power
                                                                   and control robot movements.





                 Session 1: Learning Rotations and Directions

                 Activity: Exploring rotation commands to change direction.


                 Task: Use turn blocks in Rodocodo to rotate the robot left or right to face a new direction.
                 Steps:


                   1   Place Move Forward and Turn blocks in correct order.

                  2   Observe how rotation affects the robot’s path.

                  3   Experiment with different turning sequences to navigate obstacles.


                  4   Record the successful sequence that helps reach the goal.


                 Skills Practiced:

                    Applying turn right and turn left blocks correctly.

                    Combining rotations with movement commands.
                    Predicting the robot’s direction before running the code.


                 Outcome for Session 1:
                 Rodocodo program showing sequence and action.



                 Session 2: Exploring Electric Circuits

                 Activity: Understanding what powers a robot and how electric circuits help
                 devices work.


                 Task: Learn about types of circuits (open, closed, series and parallel) through hands-on
                 activity or diagram.







                                                                                         Capstone Project
                                                                                                                    69]]></page><page Index="72"><![CDATA[Steps:


                    1   Observe how a battery connects to a bulb and switch.

                    2   Identify an open circuit (when it does not work) and a closed circuit (when it works).

                    3   Build a simple circuit on a chart using paper components or classroom kit.


                    4   Test the circuit by connecting a switch to turn the light on and off.


                  Skills Practiced:
                     Identifying components: battery, wire, bulb, switch.

                     Connecting components to form a working circuit.

                     Predicting when a bulb or motor will work or not.


                  Outcome for Session 2:
                  A chart or model showing different types of circuits (open, closed, series and parallel).


                  Final Deliverables:


                  Tick ( ) the box if submitted:

                     Completed Rodocodo programs showing movement, rotation and pick-up
                     actions.

                     A chart or model showing different types of circuits (open, closed, series and
                     parallel).



































                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 70]]></page><page Index="73"><![CDATA[components list



                                               The battery gives power to the robot so it can work. Without
                                               a battery, the robot cannot move or do anything. The battery
                                               stores energy for the robot to use.







                           Battery

                                               A bulb is a small light that helps the robot see or show when
                                               it's working. The bulb lights up when the robot has power.

                                               Some robots use bulbs to shine light or show signals.






                             Bulb

                                               A circuit is a path that electricity travels through to make

                                               the robot work. The robot needs a circuit to send power to its
                                               parts. When the circuit is complete, the robot can do its job.






                           Circuit


                                               A wire is a string-like thing that carries electricity. It connects
                                               the robot’s parts, like the battery and the motor. Wires help
                                               the robot get power to move.







                            Wire

                                               A switch helps turn the robot on or off. When the switch is on,
                                               the robot can work. When the switch is off, the robot stops

                                               working.






                           Switch



                                                                                         Components List
                                                                                                                    71]]></page><page Index="74"><![CDATA[young innovators




                                                             Samaira Mehta

                                                             Samaira      Mehta      is   an     American
                                                             coder, entrepreneur and the founder of

                                                             CoderBunnyz,  a  board game  designed  to
                                                             teach     children     computer       programming
                                                             concepts.  She began  coding  at  the  age  of
                                                             six with her father’s help. In  2018, Samaira's

                                                             game  was being  used  in  over 100  schools
                                                             worldwide to  help young  learners understand
                                                             STEM  concepts  in  a  fun and  engaging  way.
                                                             As CEO of CoderBunnyz, Samaira  has spoken

                     at major platforms such as Google and Microsoft, advocating for greater access
                     to  computer  science  education,  especially  for  girls. Her mission  is to  encourage
                     children to explore coding and technology, bridging the gender gap in STEM.


                     Siddharth Girdhar and Vignesh Rajmohan


                     Siddharth Girdhar and Vignesh Rajmohan co-
                     founded  Pivot  Robotics  in  2023,  with  the  goal
                     of automating  dangerous  and  labor-intensive
                     manufacturing  tasks,  such as metal  grinding

                     and  sanding, using  robotics.  Their company
                     uses  AI-driven  robotics  to  bring  flexibility  and
                     safety  to  high-mix industrial  environments,
                     where traditional  automation  struggles.  Pivot

                     Robotics  is backed  by Y Combinator  and
                     early-stage  investors,  aiming  to  revolutionize
                     industries  by  providing  solutions  that  were
                     previously  too  costly  or complex  to  automate.  Their innovative  approach

                     seeks  to  make  manufacturing  safer and  more efficient,  reducing  human  risk  in
                     hazardous tasks.






                                 AI RoboGenius - I
                 72]]></page></pages></Search>
