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           Shaping Young Minds Through Artificial Intelligence & Robotics




                                                              |
                                                  Content   Team Orange]]></page><page Index="4"><![CDATA[Published by:
                      Orange Education (An Imprint of Orange House Pvt Ltd)
                      9, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002
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                      Published and Distributed by Orange House Pvt Ltd




                            Preface


                      In today’s rapidly changing world, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics are transforming the way we live, learn and connect. As
                      the need for future-ready skills continues to grow, it is vital to equip students with the knowledge and tools required to excel
                      in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM).
                      AI RoboGenius offers an engaging learning journey that combines the fascinating worlds of Artificial Intelligence, robotics and
                      STEM education. Designed to spark curiosity and creativity in young learners, the series blends hands-on exploration, critical
                      thinking and real-world problem-solving to nurture innovation and logical reasoning.
                      The projects in AI RoboGenius can be carried out through both online simulations and physical kits, giving students the
                      flexibility to learn in digital or hands-on environments. Whether coding, designing or building, learners develop a strong
                      understanding of STEM and AI concepts while applying them in practical, meaningful ways. The series focuses on experiential
                      learning, ensuring that students not only grasp theoretical knowledge but also learn to use it effectively in real-life situations.
                      Aligned  with international  educational  standards,  AI  RoboGenius supports  the development  of essential  skills such as
                      analytical thinking, computational reasoning and creative problem-solving. By the end of the series, students will gain the
                      confidence to innovate, design intelligently and transform their ideas into tangible outcomes.
                      We welcome constructive suggestions to help enhance AI RoboGenius further and make the learning experience even more
                      inspiring and impactful.
                                                                                                                 —Author]]></page><page Index="5"><![CDATA[TRULY ALIGNED WITH THE 9 PRINCIPLES OF NCFSE-2023


                       The books follow the principles of curriculum, values and discipline while promoting inclusion
                        and using real-life contexts. They use clear language, creative pedagogy and technology to
                     make learning joyful. The presentation is engaging, supporting every child’s meaningful learning.

                                                      st
                                                    21  CENTURY SKILLS

                      Learning Skills (4Cs)            Literacy Skills (IMT)           Life Skills (FLIPS)

                            Critical Thinking                 Information Literacy           Flexibility
                            Creativity                       Media Literacy                   Leadership & Responsibility
                            Communication                     Technology Literacy            Initiative
                            Collaboration                                                     Productivity & Accountability
                                                                                             Social Interaction










                                                      DIGITAL RESOURCES


                 FLIPBOOK


















                                                                                        DIGITAL SIMULATIONS]]></page><page Index="6"><![CDATA[ABOUT THE SERIES




                                                        Learning Resources




                                Ask AIRO


                              Engages with curiosity-based
                              questions and explores insightful
                              answers.

                                                                                    Smart Spark

                                                                                  Discovers short and amazing facts
                                                                                  that spark curiosity and inspire
                                                                                  deeper learning.

                                Ethics Edge

                              Focuses on understanding, practising
                              and applying ethical values and
                              responsible behaviour in robotics.

                                                                                    Challenge Chain

                                                                                  Tackles step-up challenges that
                                                                                  introduce exciting twists and build
                                                                                  problem-solving skills.

                                Ecotech Energy

                              Explores how robots contribute to
                              environmental sustainability through
                              innovation and smart solutions.

                                                                                     Career Climb

                                                                                  Learns about diverse career paths
                                                                                  and how individuals shape and
                                                                                  grow their careers in robotics.
                                 Bot Bits


                              Revisits key points of the chapter
                              through a brief summary for easy
                              recall and understanding.]]></page><page Index="7"><![CDATA[Assessment Resources




                                                                                           Robo Check


                                                                             Reinforces understanding and
                                                                           improves recall of key concepts
                                                                                 through focused practice.

                                     Visual Vault

                      Enhances observation and visual
                  interpretation skills through engaging
                       and thought-provoking visuals.

                                                                          Competency-Based Questions

                                                                                 Builds the ability to apply
                                                                            knowledge effectively and think
                                                                           critically in real-world contexts.

                                      Case Study

                    Builds understanding of real-world
                        applications and highlights the
                       industry relevance of concepts.

                                                                                    Capstone Project

                                                                       Encourages meaningful connections
                                                                          between learning and real-world
                                                                             problem-solving experiences.

                                  Maker Mission

                     Fosters creativity, innovation and
                   hands-on application skills through
                     engaging and practical activities.
                                                                                       Innovation Lab


                                                                        Revises concepts through practical
                                                                               lab activities to understand
                                                                                     and build confidence.]]></page><page Index="8"><![CDATA[CONTENTS





                       1      SIMPLE AND COMPLEX MACHINES                                                        7
                                Simple Machine
                                Complex Machine




                       2      AI IN GAMES AND MOVIES                                                            18
                                AI in Games
                                AI in Movies




                       3      ROBOT HELPERS IN THE REAL WORLD                                                   31
                                Robot
                                Functions of Robots
                                Components of a Robot

                                Machine vs Robot



                       4      SEQUENCE IT RIGHT: EARLY ALGORITHM THINKING                                      43
                                Sequence: Thinking in Order

                                Algorithmic Thinking
                                Blocks in Rodocodo
                                Debugging: Buggy Code in Rodocodo
                                Loops: Patterns in Rodocodo

                                Get Your Certificate



                       5      BUILD CIRCUITS                                                                   60
                                Explore the Circuit Lab Online

                                Connect Batteries, Light Bulbs and Wires
                                Make Your Own Virtual Circuits


                              CAPSTONE PROJECT                                                                 73



                              COMPONENTS LIST                                                                  75


                              YOUNG INNOVATORS                                                                 76]]></page><page Index="9"><![CDATA[1











                                                                                                  SIMPLE AND



                                                                                  COMPLEX MACHINES






                 LEARNING OBJECTIVES


                   Simple Machine
                   Complex Machine





                           AIRO, I saw a see-saw at the park!

                           Is that a machine?


                                                                Yes, AVINA! A see-saw is a simple

                                                                              machine called a lever.




                           Oh! It helps things move
                           easily, right?



                                                                             Exactly! Machines make

                                                                                             work easier.




                           Do robots also use
                           machines?



                                                      Yes! Robots use machine, such as wheels,

                                                              axles and levers to move and work.








                                                                             Simple and Complex Machines
                                                                                                                    7]]></page><page Index="10"><![CDATA[A machine is a tool that helps people do work easily. It saves time and reduces
                  effort. Machines cannot work by themselves. They work when we push them,

                  pull them or give them power.



                  SIMPLE MACHINE

                  A simple machine is a tool that helps you do work more easily. It makes it

                  easier to lift, push, pull or move things. Simple machines don’t need motors or

                  electricity to work.


                  Examples of Simple Machine

                  Some examples of simple machine include:

                     Lever: A lever is a simple machine that helps us lift or move things easily.

                     Think of a see-saw, it is a long bar that you push down on one side to lift
                     something on the other side.

















                                                                         Effort







                                            Load                               Stick


                                                                Fulcrum









                                                              A long stick that can tilt
                                                SMART
                                                SPARK         or move around a point
                                                                 called the fulcrum.





                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                  8]]></page><page Index="11"><![CDATA[Pulley: A pulley is a wheel with a rope around it. It helps us lift or move
                    things easily. We use pulleys in many places. For example, pull a bucket

                    from a well and raise a flag on a flagpole.






                                             Fixed pulley



























                                           Load
                                                        Force



                    Inclined Plane: An inclined plane is a flat surface that is slanted. It helps
                    make it easier to move or lift heavy objects from a lower place to a higher

                    place. For example, a ramp used to push a wheelchair or a cart and a slide
                    in a playground.






























                                                                             Simple and Complex Machines
                                                                                                                    9]]></page><page Index="12"><![CDATA[Wheel and Axle: A wheel and axle has a big wheel and a small rod (axle)
                     in the center. When the wheel turns, the rod also turns. It helps to move or

                     lift things easily.










                                                                               Axle



                                             Wheel

                                             Effort
                                                            Resistance     Motion



                                                                     Load






                        Ask AIRO


                       If a machine only had wheels and no axle, could it still move?



                     Wedge: A wedge is a simple machine that has a sharp edge. It is used to
                     cut, split or shape objects. For example, a knife cuts fruits and vegetables

                     and an axe splits wood.



                                                         SIMPLE MACHINE WEDGES




                                              Input Force












                                                           Output                Output
                                                             Force               Force





                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 10]]></page><page Index="13"><![CDATA[COMPLEX MACHINE

                 A complex machine is made up of two or more simple machines that work

                 together to make a task easier. These machines often require external energy

                 sources like electricity, fuel or human force.


                 Examples of Complex Machine

                 Some examples of complex machine include:

                    Bicycle: A bicycle uses wheels (which work as a wheel and axle), pedals

                    (which act as levers) and gears and chain (which act as a pulley system) to
                    help it move. The brakes also act as levers to stop the bicycle.




                                                                                    Brake handle
                                                                                       (Lever)


                                                      Inclined
                                                       Plane










                                                        Pedal
                                                       (Lever)
                                       Gears and Chain                                Wheel
                                   (Pulley, Wheel and Axle)                     (Wheel and Axle)



                    Scissors: Scissors have two levers joined at a fulcrum (the point where they
                    meet). The blades act as wedges to cut things easily.





                                                                                        Wedge





                                                                    Fulcrum




                                          Lever




                                                                             Simple and Complex Machines
                                                                                                                    11]]></page><page Index="14"><![CDATA[Escalator: An escalator is a complex machine that uses pulleys and inclined
                     planes to move people up and down safely and easily.














                                      Inclined
                                       Plane




                                                                                     Pulleys











                     Wheelbarrow: A wheelbarrow uses a wheel and axle to move loads easily
                     and a lever to lift heavy materials with less effort. It helps carry soil, sand or

                     tools from one place to another.






                                                                        Load
                                      Lever










                                                                                           Axle



                                                                     Wheel







                                                 The robot needs to carry a heavy load from one
                                                 place to another. Should it use a wheelbarrow or
                                                        try to carry it by hand? Discuss why.



                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 12]]></page><page Index="15"><![CDATA[Crane: A crane is a big machine that uses pulleys, levers and wheels and
                    axles to lift, move and place heavy objects and things safely.

























                                             Pulley


                                                  Lever


















                                   Wheel & axle







                                                                HANDS-ON



                 BUILD & COMBINE SIMPLE MACHINES TO MAKE A MACHINE


                 Let’s learn how small machines can work together to make a machine work.

                 Materials Required:

                    Straw or wooden sticks

                    Small block

                    Small toy



                                                                             Simple and Complex Machines
                                                                                                                    13]]></page><page Index="16"><![CDATA[Follow the given steps to build it:



                    STEP - 1   Take a piece of cardboard and cut a
                                  small hole in the centre.

















                                                      STEP - 2   Thread a string through the hole,
                                                                     creating a simple pulley system.
















                   STEP - 3   Attach  a small object  (like  a  toy  or

                                  eraser) to the string.





                                                                                                                                                                                       ROBO CHECK



                                                                                                                                            A. Tick ( ) the correct option.

                                                                                                                                                1.  Select the simple machine used in a see-saw.
                                                      STEP - 4   Test  your pulley  by  pulling the  string                                                (i)  Pulley                               (ii)  Lever

                                                                     and lifting the object. Observe how it
                                                                     makes lifting easier.                                                                 (iii)  Inclined plane                     (iv)  Wedge

                                                                                                                                                2.  Which of the following is an example of a simple machine?

                                                                                                                                                           (i)  Bicycle                              (ii)  Scissors

                                                                                                                                                           (iii)  Pulley                             (iv)  Crane



                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 14]]></page><page Index="17"><![CDATA[ECOTECH       Electric  cars use  electricity  to  run. They are better  for the  environment
                  ENERGY        because they don't pollute the air with smoke.









                    «    A machine is a tool that helps people do work easily.

                    «    A simple machine is a tool that helps you to lift, push, pull or
                        move things.

                    «    A lever is a simple machine that helps us lift or move things easily.
                    «    A pulley is a wheel with a rope around it. It helps us lift or move things easily.

                    «    An inclined plane is a flat surface that is slanted.

                    «    A wheel and axle has a big wheel and a small rod (axle) in the center.
                    «    A wedge is a simple machine that has a sharp edge. It is used to cut, split or shape
                        objects. For example, a knife cuts fruits and vegetables and an axe splits wood.

                    «    A complex machine is made up of two or more simple machines that work together
                        to make a task easier.

                    «    An escalator is a complex machine that uses pulleys and inclined planes to move
                        people up and down safely and easily.

                    «    A wheelbarrow uses a wheel and axle to move loads easily and a lever to lift heavy
                        materials with less effort.








                                                           ROBO CHECK



                 A. Tick ( ) the correct option.

                    1.  Select the simple machine used in a see-saw.

                               (i)  Pulley                               (ii)  Lever

                               (iii)  Inclined plane                     (iv)  Wedge


                    2.  Which of the following is an example of a simple machine?

                               (i)  Bicycle                              (ii)  Scissors

                               (iii)  Pulley                             (iv)  Crane



                                                                             Simple and Complex Machines
                                                                                                                    15]]></page><page Index="18"><![CDATA[3.  Mark the simple machine used to lift a bucket from a well.                                                         COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS

                                (i)  Lever                                 (ii)  Pulley                                                     1.  Ankita needs to lift a heavy box to put it on a high shelf. Which simple machine


                                (iii)  Inclined plane                      (iv)  Wheel                                                          should she use to make the task easier?

                     4.  Identify the machine that lift heavy materials with less effort.                                                   2.  Riya wants to carry a large bag of sand from one end of the garden to the other.
                                                                                                                                                She has a wheelbarrow. What simple machines are working in the wheelbarrow?
                                (i)  Lever                                 (ii)  Pulley

                                (iii)  Inclined plane                      (iv)  Wheelbarrow


                     5.  Which simple machine is used to split wood with an axe?

                                (i)  Lever                                 (ii)  Wedge


                                (iii)  Pulley                              (iv)  Wheel


                  B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.

                     1.  A bicycle is an example of a simple machine.


                     2.  The wheel and axle help things move or lift easily.

                     3.  An inclined plane makes it harder to push objects uphill.


                     4.  Scissors have two levers joined at a fulcrum.

                     5.  Pulley is a long bar that you push down on one side to lift

                         something on the other side.

                  C. Fill in the blanks using the given hints:

                     1.                  is a big machine that uses pulleys to lift heavy

                         things up.                                                                       Hints

                     2.  A                 machine is a tool that helps you do work more                  Simple
                                                                                                         Escalator
                         easily.
                                                                                                          Crane
                     3.  A                  machine is made up of two or more simple                      Motors
                         machines that work together to make a task easier.                              Electricity

                     4.  An                  is a complex machine that uses pulleys and                  Complex

                         inclined  planes to  move people  up and down safely and
                         easily.

                     5.  Simple machines don’t need                         or                 to work.




                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 16]]></page><page Index="19"><![CDATA[COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS

                 1.  Ankita needs to lift a heavy box to put it on a high shelf. Which simple machine

                    should she use to make the task easier?
                 2.  Riya wants to carry a large bag of sand from one end of the garden to the other.

                    She has a wheelbarrow. What simple machines are working in the wheelbarrow?





                                                            CASE STUDY



                    Shivani and her classmates are learning about simple machines in school. One day,

                    they notice that the playground equipment at the local park, like swings, slides and
                    see-saws, all use simple machines. Shivani is curious to learn how they work.

                    How it works:

                       See-Saw (Lever): By applying force on one side, the other side moves upward,
                        making it easier to lift a person.

                       Slide (Inclined  Plane): Reduces  the  effort needed  to  climb  up,  providing  a
                        smoother way to descend.

                       Swing (Pulley): The pulley system allows the swings to move back and forth
                        easily with a small force on one end.


                  Based on the given case, answer the following questions:
                  1.  What simple machine is used in the see-saw?



                  2.  How does the slide use an inclined plane?



                  3.  What does the pulley system in the swings do?




















                                                                             Simple and Complex Machines
                                                                                                                    17]]></page><page Index="20"><![CDATA[2











                                                                                                                 AI IN



                                                                                    GAMES AND MOVIES






                  LEARNING OBJECTIVES


                    AI in Games
                    AI in Movies





                             AIRO, I played a data game today, and it was

                             so much fun. I couldn’t stop playing it.


                                            That’s great, AVINA. Did you know that many data

                                                   games are powered by Artificial Intelligence?




                              Oh really? I didn’t realise that AI is used in
                              games as well. That’s so interesting.



                                     Yes, some of these games are designed to improve your

                                                  coding skills and the way you solve problems.




                             Wow, that explains why it looked so real when the
                             characters moved and reacted so naturally.



                                 Exactly. AI helps create lifelike characters, smooth actions,

                                                and realistic visuals in both games and movies.








                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 18]]></page><page Index="21"><![CDATA[Kids have always loved games. It is more recreational when digital media is
                 involved in games. It becomes global when played online. Most parents worry

                 about children wasting their time, but when the games are educational and
                 enhance learning capabilities, it’s a bonus to learn and have fun.

                 In this chapter, we will learn about various AI-based games and movies.



                 AI IN GAMES


                 Modern education  revolves around game-based  learning and Artificial
                 Intelligence  ensures that  children learn and have fun  together.  Let us now

                 learn about some favourite Artificial Intelligence games that can take kids to

                 the creative world.


                 CodeMonkey Jr.

                 CodeMonkey Jr. is a platform where you can learn computational thinking

                 skills and the basic concepts of coding. It is a block-based coding
                 platform.

                 You can play this game by visiting the following link OR scan the

                 QR code: https://www.codemonkey.com/hour-of-code/codemonkey-jr/




























                 Emoji Scavenger Hunt


                 Emoji Scavenger Hunt game uses AI to identify emojis in the real world using
                 the mobile device’s camera.





                                                                                  AI in Games and Movies
                                                                                                                    19]]></page><page Index="22"><![CDATA[It starts by displaying a picture of a key, and the child has to go around the
                  house looking for the same. The AI will then verify his correct use of the mobile

                  device's  camera.  This game  can help small children learn  about  different
                  objects found around the house.

                  About the game

                  The game uses  Computer  Vision  tool  to  identify  and  capture  image  from

                  the Camera App. It then understands, matches and predicts if it’s the same
                  image which is asked to search. It is a very nice game to establish the Human

                  Machine Interaction.

                  How to play?

                  This game can be best enjoyed on a cell phone.

                  1.   Visit https://emojiscavengerhunt.withgoogle.com or scan the

                     QR code to play the game.

                  2.  From the home screen click "Let’s Play".
















                                            Locate the emoji we show you in the real world with your phone's
                                               camera. A neural network will try to guess what it's seeing.
                                                          Make sure your sound is on.




                                                    Emoji Scavenger Hunt is best experienced on phones.
                                                By pressing the button above, I certify that I am over 13 years old.
                         This is an      Made with             Privacy & Terms
                         A.I.            some friends from
                         Experiment


                  3.  Allow the App to use your Camera App.

                  4.  App will display the object that has to be searched.

                  5.  Find the object and let the camera of your cell phone detect it, once found
                     it will display message.





                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 20]]></page><page Index="23"><![CDATA[in under 24 seconds.








                                         Find the emoji and point your camera at it
                                               before time expires.


                 AI is used to identify the images and process them. It also helps the computer to

                 understand the human vision to differentiate between similar kind of different
                 objects and locate the exact match.


                 Shadow Art


                 Shadow art is an age-old game where one would make a shadow with one
                 hand and ask their friends to guess. Today, Shadow Art allows kids to learn

                 how to make shadow puppets just by using their hands. The AI then looks at
                 their hands through your mobile device’s camera and decides whether it’s

                 good. The game has 12 animals, one representing each zodiac sign and proves
                 to make learning fun for young champs.





























                                                                                  AI in Games and Movies
                                                                                                                    21]]></page><page Index="24"><![CDATA[Data Games

                  Data  Games  is  loaded  with  a collection  of games  related  to  maths  and

                  statistics. Data Games teaches children the foundation of understanding and
                  analysing data and using it to develop strong coding skills. It begins with basic

                  games  like  Stone-Paper-Scissor  and  then  gradually  increases  its  levels to
                  incorporate brain teasers that foster logical thinking and skill-building while

                  helping children learn about data science.


                                Reboot


                     Mention the names of any two AI games.

                     1.
                     2.






                                                                                                21 st
                                                                                               Century   #Technology Literacy
                                 Task                                                           Skills


                     Visit the following link OR scan the QR code to play the game:

                     https://artsexperiments.withgoogle.com/draw-to-art

                     After playing the game, take a print of your creation with the help of your teacher or
                     parents and paste in the space given below:



































                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 22]]></page><page Index="25"><![CDATA[AutoDraw

                 Drawing is a fun activity for both children and adults, but drawing on a digital

                 platform can be difficult because people don't have the required experience.
                 Catering to this problem, Google came up with a solution, AutoDraw.

                 AutoDraw is a powerful tool used for drawing images. It deploys AI features to

                 enhance the images drawn. Follow these steps to use AutoDraw:

                   STEP - 1       Visit https://experiments.withgoogle.com/autodraw or

                                   scan the QR code and click on "Launch Experiment".






































                   STEP - 2   On the left hand side you can see the toolbar, select any tool
                                   and drag on the drawing canvas to draw any shape.
























                                                                                  AI in Games and Movies
                                                                                                                    23]]></page><page Index="26"><![CDATA[Once you have drawn on the canvas you will see that a toolbar
                                    appears on the top of the drawing canvas.


                    STEP - 3   For this toolbar, select the shape that resembles your idea.



































                  AI IN MOVIES


                  Movies are fun to watch. Some make you cry and some make you laugh. Some

                  teach you certain things. The best ones are those which entertain and guide
                  you at the same time. Some AI movies for children are engaging and provide

                  a great learning experience. Watching these movies with families can make
                  kids understand the movie better and encourage further discussion after the

                  movie ends. Let us learn about some movies for kids and their takeaways.


                  Robots

                  In a world filled with robots, a maverick inventor trips to the big city to meet

                  his inspiration and work for him. He quickly learns that the big city, despite

                  its charms and appeals, has some evil elements that he must worry about to
                  achieve his goal of making the world better. This is a great watch for all, with
                  comedy and some witty social commentary on how corporations shape our

                  world.






                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 24]]></page><page Index="27"><![CDATA[Wall-E

                 The WALL-E movie  is about  a kind-hearted  garbage  collector  robot  called

                 Wall-E, responsible for collecting waste from Earth. At the same time, humans
                 live on a spaceship after abandoning it. The uniqueness about Wall-E is that

                 he has free will but still takes care of the environment.






































                                                                                  AI in Games and Movies
                                                                                                                    25]]></page><page Index="28"><![CDATA[I, Robot

                  The I, Robot movie is based upon the three laws of robotics devised by Isaac

                  Asimov in 1942, which direct the interaction between robots and humans. The
                  laws are as follows:





































                  1.   A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction, allow a human

                     being to come to harm.

                  2.   A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings except where
                     such orders would conflict with the First Law.

                  3.   A  robot  must  protect  its  existence  as  long as such protection  does  not

                     conflict with the First or Second Law.


                  The Iron Giant

                  A giant “killer” robot from outer space has landed on Earth. As the government

                  and military mobilise to fight and destroy this perceived threat, something

                  incredible happens – the robot befriends a little boy. The boy tries to save
                  the robot from the government and military when they find common ground
                  despite being different. What follows is a heart-warming story that will appeal

                  to adults and kids alike.




                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 26]]></page><page Index="29"><![CDATA[Big Hero 6

                 A 14 year old genius Hiro activates his brother’s medicare robot “Baymax”.

                 They join forces to prevent an unknown villain from misusing Hiro’s invention

                 – a dangerous new type of robot called “microbots.” Helping them are the
                 goofy science whizzes from Hiro’s brother’s college as they form “Big Hero 6”
                 to safeguard the futuristic city of “San Fransokyo.”




































                                                                                  AI in Games and Movies
                                                                                                                    27]]></page><page Index="30"><![CDATA[A.I. Artificial Intelligence

                  A movie of 2001 revolves around a “Kid Robot” with real emotions like love,                                                                                          ROBO CHECK

                  jealousy, hate, pride, etc. The movie questions that it’s not enough to create a
                  robot with emotion, but it’s equally important to love the creation.                                                      A. Tick ( ) the correct option.

                                                                                                                                                1.  Which of the following is an AI-based coding platform?

                                                                                                                                                           (i)  CodeMonkey Jr.                       (ii)  Thing Translator

                                                                                                                                                           (iii)  Emoji Scavenger Hunt               (iv)  Shadow Art

                                                                                                                                                2.   Which of the following allows kids to learn how to make shadow puppets just

                                                                                                                                                   by using their hands?

                                                                                                                                                           (i)  Star Maker                           (ii)  AutoDraw

                                                                                                                                                           (iii)  Shadow Art                         (iv)  None of these

                                                                                                                                                3.  The hero of                   movie is a garbage collector robot.

                                                                                                                                                           (i)  Wall-E                               (ii)  Robo E Vac


                                                                                                                                                           (iii)  Roomba                             (iv)  Robots

                                                                                                                                                4.                  movie of 2001 revolves around a “Kid Robot” with real emotions.

                                                                                              21 st
                                                                                             Century   #Media Literacy                                     (i)  Matrix                               (ii)  The Iron Giant
                                                                                              Skills
                            Video Session
                                                                                                                                                           (iii)  Robots                             (iv)  A.I. Artificial Intelligence
                       Visit  the  following link  OR scan  the  QR code  to  watch  the

                       video:                                                                                                                   5.                  is the medicare robot in the movie Big Hero 6.
                                                                                                                                                           (i)  Da Vinci                             (ii)  CyberKnife
                       https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OPWj3cxJIHw
                                                                                                                                                           (iii)  Baymax                             (iv)  Dante II


                                                                                                                                            B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.

                                                                                                                                                1.   Artificial Intelligence ensures that children learn and have

                     «    Modern  education  revolves around  game-based  learning and                                                             fun together.
                         Artificial  Intelligence  ensures  that  children learn and have fun                                                   2.  Modern education revolves around game-based learning.
                         together.

                     «    Children’s robot films have a special place because they provide hours of fun and                                     3.  I, Robot is an AI game.
                         learning too.                                                                                                          4.   AI’s Computer Vision tool is used to identify the images and

                     «    Most AI movies are Robot-based and find a balance between human and machine's                                            process them.
                         emotional relationships.
                                                                                                                                                5.  'Baymax' is a dangerous robot.



                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 28]]></page><page Index="31"><![CDATA[ROBO CHECK


                 A. Tick ( ) the correct option.

                    1.  Which of the following is an AI-based coding platform?

                               (i)  CodeMonkey Jr.                       (ii)  Thing Translator

                               (iii)  Emoji Scavenger Hunt               (iv)  Shadow Art

                    2.   Which of the following allows kids to learn how to make shadow puppets just

                        by using their hands?

                               (i)  Star Maker                           (ii)  AutoDraw

                               (iii)  Shadow Art                         (iv)  None of these

                    3.  The hero of                   movie is a garbage collector robot.

                               (i)  Wall-E                               (ii)  Robo E Vac


                               (iii)  Roomba                             (iv)  Robots

                    4.                  movie of 2001 revolves around a “Kid Robot” with real emotions.

                               (i)  Matrix                               (ii)  The Iron Giant


                               (iii)  Robots                             (iv)  A.I. Artificial Intelligence
                    5.                  is the medicare robot in the movie Big Hero 6.


                               (i)  Da Vinci                             (ii)  CyberKnife

                               (iii)  Baymax                             (iv)  Dante II


                 B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.

                    1.   Artificial Intelligence ensures that children learn and have
                        fun together.


                    2.  Modern education revolves around game-based learning.

                    3.  I, Robot is an AI game.

                    4.   AI’s Computer Vision tool is used to identify the images and

                        process them.

                    5.  'Baymax' is a dangerous robot.



                                                                                  AI in Games and Movies
                                                                                                                    29]]></page><page Index="32"><![CDATA[C. Fill in the blanks using the given hints:
                                                                                                          Hints
                     1.                  plays with the shadow of our hands.
                                                                                                       Digital media
                     2.  A                  may not injure a human being is one of the                    Robot

                         three laws of robotics.                                                       Shadow art

                     3.  It is more recreational when                       is involved in
                         games.



                  COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS

                  1.  Raghav is looking for an AI game which is based on emojis. Which game would

                     be suitable for Raghav?

                  2.  Your friend Aanya is curious about how Artificial Intelligence can make learning
                     fun. Can you tell her about any AI-based game you’ve played or learned about

                     in class?



                               Deep Thinking                                            Century   #Leadership & Responsibility
                                                                                         21 st
                                                                                         Skills
                    You watch a movie where the bad robots captures the world. Think about a good

                    robot named "Wishi" that has super-hero powers. With the help of this robot, you
                    destroy bad robots and rescue the world. Complete this story and write in an MS
                    Word document.



                                                                                              21 st
                                                                                             Century   #Critical Thinking
                                                                                             Skills
                               Lab



                        Write few lines in MS Word on the critical role played by AI in the fields of Games
                        and Movies.























                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 30]]></page><page Index="33"><![CDATA[3











                                                                                           ROBOT HELPERS



                                                                                   IN THE REAL WORLD






                 LEARNING OBJECTIVES


                   Robot
                   Functions of Robots
                   Components of a Robot
                   Machine vs Robot


                            Hey AIRO, are all smart

                            machines called robots?


                                                 Not exactly, AVINA. A robot is a machine that

                                                    can act like humans and do different tasks.




                            Oh, so robots can help humans
                            do hard or tricky jobs?



                                                       Yes! Robots can help in many ways, such

                                                        as exploring space, helping doctors, etc.




                            Wow, that’s
                            so cool!



                                                                                 It really is! Let’s learn

                                                                                   more about robots.








                                                                            Robot Helpers in the Real World
                                                                                                                    31]]></page><page Index="34"><![CDATA[You have learnt about robots in the previous class. In this chapter, you will
                  learn about robots, their key features, everyday uses and functions.



                  ROBOT


                  A robot is a machine that can do work by itself, like moving,
                  picking things, etc. It can act like humans and perform various

                  tasks. A robot can also do work that is hard or dangerous

                  for people.


                  Key Features of Robots

                  Some key features of robots are as follows:

                     Follow instructions: Robots work only when tell them what to do.

                     Can sense: Robots can see, hear or feel things around them.

                     Can move: Robots may have wheels, legs or arms to help them move and

                     work.

                     Have a brain: Inside a robot is a small computer that acts like its brain.

                     Do different jobs: Robots can help at home, in hospitals, in factories or

                     even in space.


                  Robots in Everyday Life

                  Robots can help with easy tasks at home or big jobs in factories. As technology

                  improves, robots are being used in many places to make work easier and
                  faster. Some everyday uses of robots are as follows:


                     At home: Cleaning robots can vacuum floors, mop and keep the house
                     clean.





















                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 32]]></page><page Index="35"><![CDATA[In school: Robots help students learn through games, fun activities and by
                    demonstrating concepts in new and attractive ways.
































                    In manufacturing: Assembly line robots join the parts of a product quickly
                    and accurately, making manufacturing faster and more efficient.






































                                                        The word robot comes from the
                                         SMART        Czech word robota, which means
                                         SPARK
                                                             work or forced labour.



                                                                            Robot Helpers in the Real World
                                                                                                                    33]]></page><page Index="36"><![CDATA[In hospitals: Surgical robots assist doctors in complex surgeries and help
                     care for patients.

































                     In agriculture: Robots help farmers by planting seeds, watering plants and
                     picking fruits. They also check if the plants are healthy and need water or

                     food.


































                                                  If someone asks the hospital robot for private
                                                    patient details, should it respond or remain
                                                              silent to protect privacy?




                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 34]]></page><page Index="37"><![CDATA[In hotels: Robots in hotels can guide guests to the reception or lifts. They
                    help by cleaning rooms and delivering water or food to rooms.






































                 FUNCTIONS OF ROBOTS


                 Robots function by following a cycle of steps: Sense → Think → Act.

                 These steps are described as follows:

                 1.  Sense: Robots use sensors to gather information from their environment.

                 2.  Think (Process Information): The robot’s controller or processor (like its
                    brain) analyses the data and decides what to do.

                 3.  Act: The robot uses actuators, motors or arms to perform the action.



                 COMPONENTS OF A ROBOT


                 A robot consists of several important parts that enable it to interact with its

                 surroundings and complete tasks.



                                                    In agriculture, a weeder robot removes
                                      SMART
                                      SPARK       unwanted plants from the farm and helps
                                                        crops grow better and healthy.





                                                                            Robot Helpers in the Real World
                                                                                                                    35]]></page><page Index="38"><![CDATA[The main components of a robot are as follows:





                                                                                  Controller

                                                     Sensors














                                                                                                 Power Supply

















                     Body/Frame
                                                                                                      End Effector












                                           Actuators

























                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 36]]></page><page Index="39"><![CDATA[Below is the description of the main components of a robot:

                    Sensors: Used to detect inputs like light, sound, touch and distance and to
                    send that data to the controller.

                    Controller: This acts as the robot’s brain. It receives information and sends

                    commands.

                    Body/Frame: The structure that holds all the robot’s components together.

                    Power supply: Provides energy (from batteries or electricity) to all other
                    robot components.


                    End  effector: The part  that  performs tasks  such  as gripping,  cutting  or
                    painting, acting as the robot’s tool.

                    Actuators: Components that generate movement, such as motors, pumps

                    and compressors.


                 MACHINE VS ROBOT


                 A machine is any device that uses energy to perform a task, such as a fan,

                 washing machine or bicycle.

                 Some examples of machines are bicycle and vacuum cleaner.





























                 A robot is a type of machine, but it is more advanced. Robots can sense, think

                 and act, often without constant human control.






                                                                            Robot Helpers in the Real World
                                                                                                                    37]]></page><page Index="40"><![CDATA[Some examples of robots are Segway (a self-balancing scooter) and Roomba
                  (a robot vacuum cleaner).































                                     Machine                                             Robot

                   Works only when people control it.                 Can work by itself and make
                                                                      decisions.


                   Does one fixed job.                                Can do many different jobs.

                   Cannot sense or think.                             Can sense, think and adapt to its
                                                                      surroundings.

                   Follows simple instructions.                       Can follow instructions and

                                                                      sometimes learn from experience.




                           VISUAL VAULT

                           Circle the things that are robots.





















                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 38]]></page><page Index="41"><![CDATA[Ask AIRO
                      If a machine could make decisions on its own, would it still be called a machine or

                      a robot?




                                                                    GAME



                 ROBOT ISLANDS


                 Robot Islands is a fun puzzle game where kids guide a robot to reach a specific

                 goal using simple commands.

                 To play the game, follow the given steps:


                  STEP - 1   Visit the link https://www.abcya.com/games/robot_
                                 islands or scan the QR code.


                  STEP - 2   Click on the Play               button.

                  STEP - 3   Step 3: Select the desired level (in our case Level 1).


                  STEP - 4   Select a direction button and click on the floor to make a path for
                                 the robot to reach the goal.


                  STEP - 5   Click on the GO button after specifying the path.



































                                                                            Robot Helpers in the Real World
                                                                                                                    39]]></page><page Index="42"><![CDATA[4.  Identify the type of robot that helps with cleaning.
                   ECOTECH       Tree-planting robots dig small holes in the soil, then plant seeds to help
                   ENERGY        grow new trees efficiently.                                                                                               (i)  Robotic arm                          (ii)  Robotic vacuum cleaner


                                                                                                                                                           (iii)  Surgical robot                     (iv)  Agricultural robot

                                                                                                                                                5.  Spot the correct function cycle for robots.

                                                                                                                                                           (i)  Move→Sense→Think                     (ii)  Sense→Think→Act
                     «    A robot is a machine that can do work by itself, like moving, picking
                         things, etc.                                                                                                                      (iii)  Think→Move→Act                     (iv)  Sense→Act→Think

                     «    Robots function by following a cycle of steps: Sense → Think → Act.
                                                                                                                                            B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.
                     «    A robot  consists  of several important  parts that  enable  it  to  interact  with its
                         surroundings and complete tasks.                                                                                       1.  Robots can sense, think and act, often without constant
                                                                                                                                                   human control.
                     «    The main components of a robot are as Sensors, Controller, Body/Frame, Power
                         Supply, Actuators and End Effector.                                                                                    2.  End effector helps the robot detect things like light, sound,

                     «    A machine is any device that uses energy to perform a task, such as a fan, washing                                       temperature, touch and distance.
                         machine or bicycle.                                                                                                    3.  Robots help students learn through games, fun activities and

                     «    Robots can sense, think and act, often without constant human control.                                                   by showing things in a new way.
                                                                                                                                                4.  A robot scooter washes clothes.

                                                                                                                                                5.  Machine can do many different jobs.


                                                                                                                                            C. Fill in the blanks using the given hints:

                                                            ROBO CHECK                                                                          1.  You                 ,                and act in a way that helps                 Hints

                                                                                                                                                   you reach your goal easily.                                                     Machine
                  A. Tick ( ) the correct option.                                                                                                                                                                                 Algorithmic
                                                                                                                                                2.  Robots use                    to gather information from their
                     1.  Mark the correct part of a robot responsible for movement.                                                                                                                                                  Plan
                                                                                                                                                   environment.                                                                       GO
                                (i)  Sensors                               (ii)  Controller                                                     3.                  thinking helps children to do multiple tasks.                   Sensors


                                (iii)  Actuators                           (iv)  End Effector                                                   4.  Once the direction is set, click the                     button.                Decide

                     2.  Select the task that robots can help with in agriculture.                                                              5.                  works only when people control it.

                                (i)  Cooking meals                         (ii)  Planting seeds
                                                                                                                                            COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS

                                (iii)  Watching TV                         (iv)  Writing notes
                                                                                                                                            1.  Shweta is observing a robot vacuum cleaner in her living room. It stops when it
                     3.  Which part of the robot is like its brain?                                                                             detects a wall. Which part of the robot helps it avoid hitting the wall?

                                (i)  Controller                            (ii)  Sensors                                                    2.  Gaurav and Hemant are watching a factory robot assemble a car. The robot

                                                                                                                                                automatically follows a set of steps to complete its work. Which cycle is the robot
                                (iii)  Actuators                           (iv)  End Effector
                                                                                                                                                following to complete its task?


                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 40]]></page><page Index="43"><![CDATA[4.  Identify the type of robot that helps with cleaning.

                               (i)  Robotic arm                          (ii)  Robotic vacuum cleaner


                               (iii)  Surgical robot                     (iv)  Agricultural robot

                    5.  Spot the correct function cycle for robots.

                               (i)  Move→Sense→Think                     (ii)  Sense→Think→Act


                               (iii)  Think→Move→Act                     (iv)  Sense→Act→Think


                 B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.
                    1.  Robots can sense, think and act, often without constant

                        human control.

                    2.  End effector helps the robot detect things like light, sound,
                        temperature, touch and distance.

                    3.  Robots help students learn through games, fun activities and
                        by showing things in a new way.

                    4.  A robot scooter washes clothes.

                    5.  Machine can do many different jobs.


                 C. Fill in the blanks using the given hints:

                    1.  You                 ,                 and act in a way that helps                Hints

                        you reach your goal easily.                                                     Machine
                                                                                                      Algorithmic
                    2.  Robots use                    to gather information from their
                                                                                                          Plan
                        environment.                                                                      GO

                    3.                  thinking helps children to do multiple tasks.                   Sensors

                    4.  Once the direction is set, click the                     button.                Decide
                    5.                  works only when people control it.



                 COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS


                 1.  Shweta is observing a robot vacuum cleaner in her living room. It stops when it
                    detects a wall. Which part of the robot helps it avoid hitting the wall?

                 2.  Gaurav and Hemant are watching a factory robot assemble a car. The robot

                    automatically follows a set of steps to complete its work. Which cycle is the robot
                    following to complete its task?


                                                                            Robot Helpers in the Real World
                                                                                                                    41]]></page><page Index="44"><![CDATA[CASE STUDY




                     In space, robots like NASA’s Curiosity Rover help scientists explore other planets,
                     like Mars. These robots send back pictures and data to Earth.
                     How it works:

                         Exploring Mars: The Curiosity Rover drives around Mars, sending back pictures

                         and information about the planet’s surface.
                         Collecting data: The rover has special tools to study rocks and soil to learn more

                         about the planet.

                         No human involved: Robots help scientists explore places that are too dangerous
                         or far away for humans to go.

























                    Based on the given case, answer the following questions:

                    1.  What is the Curiosity Rover used for?



                    2.  What kind of data does the Curiosity Rover send back to Earth?










                              People who design, build, and maintain robots and automated systems can
                              pursue their career as Robotics Engineers.






                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 42]]></page><page Index="45"><![CDATA[4







                                                                                                      SEQUENCE


                                                                                          IT RIGHT: EARLY



                                                                               ALGORITHM THINKING






                 LEARNING OBJECTIVES


                   Sequence: Thinking in Order                    Algorithmic Thinking
                   Blocks in Rodocodo                             Debugging: Buggy Code in Rodocodo
                   Loops: Patterns in Rodocodo                    Get Your Certificate




                           Hey AIRO, what does sequence

                           mean?


                                                                        It means doing things in the

                                                                                           correct order.




                           Like brushing my teeth
                           step by step?



                                                             Yes, exactly. If you mix up the order,

                                                                               it won’t work properly.




                            So, do computers
                            also follow steps?



                                                                    Exactly! Let’s learn more about

                                                                                              sequences.








                                                                    Sequence it Right: Early Algorithm Thinking
                                                                                                                    43]]></page><page Index="46"><![CDATA[In this chapter, you will explore how following the correct order of steps can
                  make  everything  work perfectly,  from simple  daily  tasks  to  programming

                  robots.



                  SEQUENCE: THINKING IN ORDER

                  A sequence means doing things in the correct order, one after the other.


                  For example, brushing your teeth involves following steps in a specific order:

                  1.  Pick up your toothbrush.

                  2.  Put toothpaste on it.

                  3.  Brush your teeth.

                  4.  Rinse your mouth.

                  If you change the order, it would not work properly.

                  Computers also follow steps in a specific order. This is called sequencing.

                  When you perform the instructions in the correct order, the computer can

                  understand them and execute tasks perfectly.
                  When you arrange instructions  correctly,  computers  can understand  and

                  perform tasks perfect.



                  ALGORITHMIC THINKING


                  Algorithmic  thinking means
                  learning how to solve problems

                  by  breaking them  into  small,
                  simple  steps. It helps us  think

                  carefully, plan  ahead,  and  find
                  smart ways to finish a task.

                  You  do not have to be a

                  computer  to  use  it.  People  use
                  algorithmic  thinking every  day.

                  It is like giving clear directions so nothing goes wrong.

                  Let  us understand  the  concept  of algorithmic  thinking  with  the  help of an
                  example.



                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 44]]></page><page Index="47"><![CDATA[Imagine you want to build a Lego house. You would not just stick pieces together
                 randomly. You had first plan what the house should look like, choose the right

                 blocks, and then start building part by part.

                 That is algorithmic thinking. You plan, decide, and act in a way that helps you
                 reach your goal easily.



                 Thinking Like a Problem Solver

                 Computers  follow algorithms  to  complete  tasks,  but  humans  create  those

                 algorithms  using  logical  thinking.  Algorithmic  thinking  helps  us  make  good
                 decisions, find patterns, and fix mistakes.

                 Example 1   Making Lemonade

                 Suppose you want to make a glass of lemonade. You think about what you

                 need and how to do it.

                 Things you need: lemons, sugar, water, a glass, and a spoon.

                 What to do: squeeze the lemon, add sugar, pour water, stir well, and enjoy.

                 You thought through the problem and created a clear way to solve it. That is
                 algorithmic thinking.

                 Example 2   Solving a Puzzle


                 When you solve a jigsaw puzzle, you first find the corner pieces, then connect
                 the edges, and finally fill in the middle.

                 You are not just guessing. You are using logical steps and planning ahead.



                 Why Algorithmic Thinking is Useful?

                 Algorithmic thinking helps children to do multiple tasks.

                 Whenever you try to make something work better or faster, you’re already

                 practising algorithmic thinking.

















                                                                    Sequence it Right: Early Algorithm Thinking
                                                                                                                    45]]></page><page Index="48"><![CDATA[BLOCKS IN RODOCODO

                  In Rodocodo, blocks are used to make a character (the Cat) move, collect

                  coins or reach a target.

                  Let’s learn some blocks of Rodocodo.

                                    Block                                              Use



                                                               Moves the cat one step ahead.





                                                               Allows cat to collect coins.





                                                               Turns the cat to the left side.




                                                               Turns the cat to the right side.





                                                               Repeats the same steps again and again.





                  DEBUGGING: BUGGY CODE IN RODOCODO


                  Debugging means finding and fixing mistakes in your code.

                  In the Buggy Code levels, the program already has errors. Your task is to check

                  why the Cat is not reaching the goal correctly. After identifying the problem,
                  fix it so the code works properly.




                                                        The word bug in computer science
                                         SMART          became popular after a real moth
                                         SPARK
                                                      was found inside a computer in 1947.



                  To play Buggy Code levels, follow the given steps:


                    STEP - 1   Go to the Debugging - Buggy Code level in Rodocodo and click on
                                  the START button to begin.


                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 46]]></page><page Index="49"><![CDATA[STEP - 2   Click on the Let’s Go button.




























                                 You can watch the tutorial for help or skip it by clicking the SKIP
                                 button. You will see the Cat and some blocks already placed.




























                                                                    Sequence it Right: Early Algorithm Thinking
                                                                                                                    47]]></page><page Index="50"><![CDATA[STEP - 3   Click on the Play button to run the code and see how the Cat
                                  moves.





























                                  If the Cat goes the wrong way or stops early, you need to correct

                                  the code.


                   STEP - 4   Correct the code by dragging the blocks and/or adding or deleting
                                  new blocks in the right order.


                   STEP - 5   Click on the Play button again to check if the Cat now reaches the
                                  goal correctly.





























                                   When it reaches the finish line the following screen will appear

                                  which means you have completed the level.



                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 48]]></page><page Index="51"><![CDATA[Similarly, you need to rearrange the blocks in the given code and/or add or

                 delete blocks in other levels to move the cat to reach the goal.


                 Level 2

                 Correct the code as shown to complete this level.







































                 Level 3


                 Correct the code as shown to complete this level.





                                                                    Sequence it Right: Early Algorithm Thinking
                                                                                                                    49]]></page><page Index="52"><![CDATA[Level 4


                  Correct the code as shown to complete this level.






































                                                     A homework robot finds a wrong answer.
                                                   Should  the robot correct it for the student or
                                                  wait for the student to try again? Discuss why.



                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 50]]></page><page Index="53"><![CDATA[VISUAL VAULT
                         Identify the following blocks and write their names:




                          1.                                            2.








                          3.                                            4.










                 LOOPS: PATTERNS IN RODOCODO


                 A loop means repeating the same action several times.
                 Instead of writing the same instruction again and again, we use a loop to save

                 time and effort.

                 For example:




                                                        can be written as                     .


                 To play loop pattern level, follow the given steps:


                  STEP - 1   Go to the Loops - Patterns level and click the START button to begin.



























                                                                    Sequence it Right: Early Algorithm Thinking
                                                                                                                    51]]></page><page Index="54"><![CDATA[STEP - 2   Click on the Let’s Go button.
































                                  You can watch the tutorial for help or skip it by clicking the SKIP
                                  button.
































                   STEP - 3   Drag the Loop block into the coding panel.


                   STEP - 4   Drag and drop the required action blocks into the Loop block.


                   STEP - 5   Specify the count by which the loop runs.

                   STEP - 6   Click the Play button to run the  code.




                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 52]]></page><page Index="55"><![CDATA[If I want to make the cat turn in a full circle in Rodocodo, which block should I

                  use and how many times should I use it?









                 Level 2

                 In Level 2, you need to move the cat to the finish line by repeating a series of
                 actions using loops.

                 Create the code as shown to complete the level 2.





































                                                                    Sequence it Right: Early Algorithm Thinking
                                                                                                                    53]]></page><page Index="56"><![CDATA[Level 3

                  Create the code as shown to complete the level 3.



































                  Level 4

                  Create the code as shown to complete the level 4.


































                        Ask AIRO


                       If the wrong loop number is used in Rodocodo, how will it affect the robot’s movement?



                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 54]]></page><page Index="57"><![CDATA[GET YOUR CERTIFICATE

                 After completing all the levels in Rodocodo, you will receive a certificate as a

                 recognition of your achievement.

                 To get the certificate, follow the given steps:


                  STEP - 1   Click on the Get my certificate option.
























                  STEP - 2   Click on the here link.

















                  STEP - 3   Enter your name in the Enter Your Name text box.


                  STEP - 4   Click on the Submit button.























                                                                    Sequence it Right: Early Algorithm Thinking
                                                                                                                    55]]></page><page Index="58"><![CDATA[You can get your certificate online and print it.
























                   ECOTECH       Garden robots follow a sequence to water the plants only when needed,
                   ENERGY        helping to save water.









                     «    A sequence means doing things in the correct order, one after the
                         other.

                     «    Algorithmic thinking means learning how to solve problems by breaking them into
                         small, simple steps.

                     «    Debugging means finding and fixing mistakes in your code.
                     «    A loop means repeating the same action several times.









                                                            ROBO CHECK

                  A. Tick ( ) the correct option.

                     1.  Which block is used to move the robot one step forward in Rodocodo?



                                (i)                                        (ii)




                                (iii)                                      (iv)







                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 56]]></page><page Index="59"><![CDATA[2.  Choose the action that means doing things in the correct order.

                               (i)  Debugging                            (ii)  Rearrange


                               (iii)  Sequence                           (iv)  Loops

                    3.  Select the option that means repeating the same action several times.

                               (i)  Move                                 (ii)  Collect


                               (iii)  Sequence                           (iv)  Loops

                    4.  Spot the block that repeats an action in Rodocodo.


                               (i)                                       (ii)




                               (iii)                                     (iv)


                 B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.


                    1.  A sequence means doing things in any random order.

                    2.  In Rodocodo, you need to use a loop to move the robot in circles.


                    3.  In the Buggy Code level of Rodocodo, you have to fix the robot’s
                        mistakes to make it reach its goal.


                    4.  The Collect Coins block in Rodocodo is used to make the robot

                        collect coins.

                    5.  If you mix up the order of steps, everything will still work perfectly.


                 C. Fill in the blanks using the given hints:

                    1.  You can use a                     to save time and effort.

                    2.                  are used to show direction.                                      Hints
                                                                                                       Debugging
                    3.                  means finding and fixing these mistakes.                          Play

                    4.  Click the                  button to run your code.                              Loop
                                                                                                         Blocks
                    5.  You will receive a                    as a recognition of your
                                                                                                       Certificate
                        achievement.







                                                                    Sequence it Right: Early Algorithm Thinking
                                                                                                                    57]]></page><page Index="60"><![CDATA[COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS

                  1.  Kiran’s robot needs to pick up 5 coins from the floor. What can Kiran do so the

                     robot picks up all the coins by itself without telling it each time?
                  2.  Amit made a robot to pick up trash and put it in the bin. But the robot keeps

                     moving in circles and doesn’t reach the bin. What do you think went wrong with it?










                  Write the steps required to help the cat character reach its home in the picture below.


















                  Goal




                  Setup






                  Observation





















                              People who expert in Rodocodo can pursue their career as Robot Programmer
                              and Game Designer.



                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 58]]></page><page Index="61"><![CDATA[Maker Mission


                                                     Lift a Toy Using a Lever

                 To observe how a lever helps us lift things easily.
                 Materials Required:

                    A ruler or stick

                    A pencil

                    A small toy




                 Follow the given steps to create it:





                  STEP - 1    Put the pencil on the table. This acts as the
                               fulcrum (the balance point).








                                                       STEP - 2    Lay the ruler on top of the pencil. Place the
                                                                    toy on one end of the ruler.







                  STEP - 3    Gently press the other end of the ruler.
                                Watch how your toy lifts up!







                                                      STEP - 4    Slide the pencil to a new spot and see what
                                                                    happens. Is it easier or harder to lift the toy?



















                                                                                           Maker Mission
                                                                                                                    59]]></page><page Index="62"><![CDATA[5
















                                                                                            BUILD CIRCUITS






                  LEARNING OBJECTIVES


                    Explore the Circuit Lab Online
                    Connect Batteries, Light Bulbs and Wires
                    Make Your Own Virtual Circuits




                             Hey AIRO, what is the

                             Circuit Lab?


                                                                      It’s a virtual lab where you can

                                                                          explore and create circuits.




                             What activities can I try in
                             this lab?



                                          You can use various components, such as batteries,

                                                        bulbs and wires to build and test circuits.




                             That sounds fun! Is it safe
                             to experiment?



                                                       Absolutely! The virtual lab is a safe space.

                                                                       Let’s explore it in this chapter.








                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 60]]></page><page Index="63"><![CDATA[In this chapter, you will explore the world of circuits through the power
                 of virtual labs. Using interactive online tools, you will learn how to connect

                 different components, create  circuits  and test  them  without  needing  any
                 physical equipment.



                 EXPLORE THE CIRCUIT LAB ONLINE


                 Circuit Lab is a fun online tool where you can make and test simple electrical

                 circuits. You can use virtual parts like batteries, bulbs, wires and switches to
                 see how electricity works. It helps you learn how these parts work together, all
                 without using real wires.


                 PhET Lab is an online virtual lab. It allows you to explore and experiment with
                 science and math concepts through interactive simulations. Using PhET lab,
                 you can see how things work, test ideas and understand topics.


                 Some features of online circuit lab are as follows:

                    Interactive  simulations: You  can connect  components  like resistors,
                    capacitors and LEDs to create your own circuits.

                    Instant  feedback: These virtual tools show you how the circuit behaves

                    in real-time, offering insights  into  how electricity  flows through  the
                    components.

                    Safe learning environment: With virtual labs, you can experiment without

                    any risk of damaging components or harming yourself.



                                          PhET stands for Physics Education Technology and was
                            SMART
                             SPARK       developed in 2002 by Nobel Prize–winning physicist Carl
                                           Wieman at the University of Colorado Boulder, USA.






                  If I want to make the light bulb brighter in the circuit, which component should I
                  change or add to the setup?













                                                                                            Build Circuits
                                                                                                                    61]]></page><page Index="64"><![CDATA[CONNECT BATTERIES, LIGHT BULBS AND WIRES


                  Let’s try connecting the most common circuit components—batteries, bulbs

                  and wires.

                  The description of these components are as follows:

                     Battery: Supplies power to the circuit.

                     Light bulbs: Acts as a load, converting electrical energy to light.

                     Wires: Connect the components together.

                  For connecting Battery, Light Bulb and Wires, perform the given steps:


                    STEP - 1   Open the web browser and type https://phet.colorado.

                                  edu/sims/html/circuit-construction-kit-dc-virtual-lab/

                                  latest/circuit-construction-kit-dc-virtual-lab_all.html in
                                  the address bar or scan the QR code.


                   STEP - 2   Drag 1 Battery, 1 Light Bulb and 2 Wires onto the workspace.
















































                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 62]]></page><page Index="65"><![CDATA[STEP - 3   Take first wire and connect one end with the Light Bulb and second
                                 end with the Battery.




































                  STEP - 4   Take second wire and connect  one end with the  Battery  and
                                 second end with the Light Bulb.

                 When the circuit  is complete,  the Light Bulb  lights up, demonstrating  that

                 electricity is flowing through the wires.





































                                                                                            Build Circuits
                                                                                                                    63]]></page><page Index="66"><![CDATA[MAKE YOUR OWN VIRTUAL CIRCUITS

                  You can design your own circuits using various components, such as Switch,

                  Wires, Light Bulbs and Battery. To build a virtual circuit, follow the given steps:


                    STEP - 1   Drag 1 Battery, 1 Light Bulb, 1 Switch and 2 Wires onto the workspace.




































                   STEP - 2   Take first  Wire and connect  one end with the  Light  Bulb  and
                                  second end with the Battery.




































                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 64]]></page><page Index="67"><![CDATA[STEP - 3   Take second Wire and connect one end with the Light Bulb and
                                 second end with the Switch.








































                  STEP - 4   Connect second end of Switch with the Battery.









































                                                                                            Build Circuits
                                                                                                                    65]]></page><page Index="68"><![CDATA[STEP - 5   Click the Switch to turn it ON.











































                                                         VIRTUAL TO REAL



                  The above virtual task  can also be  carried  out  using  physical  hardware

                  components. Let’s perform the same.


                  Materials Required



















                    1 small bulb (torch       1 battery                 2 wires                      1 Switch
                        bulb or LED)





                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 66]]></page><page Index="69"><![CDATA[Steps Walkthrough

                 To light a bulb using a battery, wires, and a switch, we first connect one end of
                 the first wire to the one terminal of the battery and attach the other end of this

                 wire to one terminal of the bulb. Next, we take the second wire and connect

                 one end to the other terminal of the bulb. The free end of this wire is then
                 connected to one terminal of the switch. Finally, the remaining terminal of the
                 switch is connected with the other terminal of the battery using wire.


                 When the switch is turned ON, the circuit becomes complete, allowing electric
                 current to flow and the bulb glows. When the switch is turned OFF, the circuit
                 is broken, stopping the flow of electricity, and the bulb does not glow.



                 Final Output






















                                     You and your friend are working on a circuit project, but the circuit
                                     is not working. Should you try to fix it by yourself or should you ask
                                         your teacher for help and talk about what might be wrong?





                          VISUAL VAULT
                          Identify the following circuit components and write their names.


                          1.                     2.                     3.                     4.

















                                                                                            Build Circuits
                                                                                                                    67]]></page><page Index="70"><![CDATA[TRY & TEST




                  WHAT WORKS, WHAT DOES NOT


                  You can also try different materials or components, such as paper clip, pencil
                  and coin, to see what works and what does not.

                  Let’s learn through simple activity. To build a virtual circuit, follow the given

                  steps:

                    STEP - 1   Drag the following components to the workspace:

                                       Battery                        Light Bulb

                                       Wires                          Paper Clip

                                       Coin                           Pencil

                   STEP - 2   Connect the battery to the Light Bulb using wires.


                   STEP - 3   Test the circuit to see if the Light Bulb lights up.

                   STEP - 4   Replace the one wire with paper clip.

                   STEP - 5   Test the circuit to see if the Light Bulb lights up.










                                                                                                                                                                                       ROBO CHECK


                                                                                                                                            A. Tick ( ) the correct option.

                                                                                                                                                1.  Mark the component that supplies power in a circuit.


                                                                                                                                                           (i)  Bulb                                 (ii)  Battery

                                                                                                                                                           (iii)  Switch                             (iv)  Wire


                                                                                                                                                2.  Choose the tool that helps turn a circuit ON or OFF.

                                                                                                                                                           (i)  Switch                               (ii)  Bulb


                                                                                                                                                           (iii)  Battery                            (iv)  Resistor
                  Similarly, try different materials to see which one helps the Light Bulb light up.




                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 68]]></page><page Index="71"><![CDATA[Ask AIRO


                      How do materials like paper clips or coins help light up the bulb?





                  ECOTECH       Some smart robots can sense light or moisture and use sensors to turn
                  ENERGY        devices on or off automatically.










                     «    Circuit Lab is a fun online tool where you can make and test simple
                         electrical circuits.

                     «    PhET Lab is an online virtual lab.
                     «    Battery supplies power to the circuit.

                     «    Light Bulbs acts as a load, converting electrical energy to light.

                     «    Wires connect the components together.

                     «    You  can design  your  own circuits  using  various  components,  such as Switch,
                         Wires, Light Bulbs and Battery.











                                                           ROBO CHECK


                 A. Tick ( ) the correct option.

                    1.  Mark the component that supplies power in a circuit.


                               (i)  Bulb                                 (ii)  Battery

                               (iii)  Switch                             (iv)  Wire


                    2.  Choose the tool that helps turn a circuit ON or OFF.

                               (i)  Switch                               (ii)  Bulb


                               (iii)  Battery                            (iv)  Resistor





                                                                                            Build Circuits
                                                                                                                    69]]></page><page Index="72"><![CDATA[3.  Identify the component that connect other components together.

                                (i)  Wire                                  (ii)  Switch


                                (iii)  Bulb                                (iv)  Battery

                     4.  Which part of the circuit lights up when the connection is complete?


                                (i)  Battery                               (ii)  Switch

                                (iii)  Bulb                                (iv)  Wire


                  B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.


                     1.  The Circuit Lab is a virtual place where you can safely explore
                         and create circuits.

                     2.  In a virtual lab, it is possible to get an electric shock while testing

                         a circuit.

                     3.  In a complete circuit, electricity cannot flow through wires.


                     4.  Material like paperclips can be used to test if they conduct electricity.


                  C. Fill in the blanks using the given hints:
                                                                                                          Hints
                     1.  The                  is an online virtual lab.                                Virtual tools


                     2.  The                  show you how the circuit behaves in real-                 Electricity
                         time.                                                                           PhET lab
                                                                                                           Bulb

                     3.  A                  acts as a load, converting electrical energy
                         to light.

                     4.  When the circuit is complete, the Light Bulb lights up, demonstrating that

                                         is flowing through the wires.


                  COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS


                  1.  Your friend wants to make a bulb light up but does not know the components
                     needed. Tell him the circuit components he will need to make the bulb light up.

                  2.  Rohan is testing a circuit with a switch. When the switch is turned on, the bulb

                     lights up. What role does the switch play in the circuit?





                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 70]]></page><page Index="73"><![CDATA[Create a circuit using a switch and multiple batteries to light up two bulbs.




























                 Goal



                 Setup







                 Observation





















                             People who design and maintain electrical and electronic circuits can become
                             Electrical Engineers or Electronics Engineers.













                                                                                            Build Circuits
                                                                                                                    71]]></page><page Index="74"><![CDATA[Maker Mission


                                                      Light-Up the Mason Jar

                  Design and decorate a mason jar to create a fun, functional light-up craft.
                  Materials Required:

                     1 Mason jar

                     1 LED

                     1 Coin-cell battery

                     2 Wires
                     Coloured papers



                  Follow the given steps to make your glowing mason jar craft:



                    STEP - 1    Line the inside of the jar with layers of coloured paper.









                                              STEP - 2    Connect  the  LED to  the  coin-cell battery  using  the

                                                           wires.









                   STEP - 3    Place the glowing LED assembly carefully inside the jar.










                                              STEP - 4    Close the lid and enjoy your calming, glowing mood

                                                           jar.













                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 72]]></page><page Index="75"><![CDATA[MY SMART HELPER ROBOT


                                                                   Objective: Make a little helper robot that can
                                                                   move around and do small jobs using wheels,

                          Capstone Project                         levers, a battery, wires and a switch.







                 Session 1: Robot Helpers in the Real World

                 Activity: My Helpful Robot Friend

                 Task: Think of a robot that helps people — like cleaning, watering plants or carrying things.
                 Draw your robot on paper and show how it senses, thinks and acts.

                 You can label its parts — eyes (sensors), brain (controller) and arms (actuators).

                 Skills Practiced:
                    Thinking about how robots help us                Drawing and labelling parts
                    Using imagination

                 Outcome for Session 1: A colourful drawing showing how your robot helps people.

                 Session 2: Design and Build Using Simple Machines

                 Activity: Build Your Robot Model

                 Task: Now, make the same robot you drew. Use simple machines like wheels, levers and
                 pulleys to help it move.

                 You Will Need:
                 Cardboard  box, bottle caps  (for  wheels), pencils or sticks,  spoons  (for  arms), rubber
                 bands, tape and glue.
                 Steps:


                   STEP - 1   Take a small box for the robot’s body.

                  STEP - 2   Fix wheels at the bottom using sticks.


                  STEP - 3   Use spoons for arms.

                  STEP - 4   Join parts with rubber bands or tape.


                  STEP - 5   Decorate it with colours or stickers.

                  STEP - 6   Test how it moves or lifts light things.


                                                                                         Capstone Project
                                                                                                                    73]]></page><page Index="76"><![CDATA[Skills Practiced:

                     Making a model using simple tools
                     Learning how wheels and levers help movement

                     Being creative

                  Outcome for Session 2: A robot model that can move or lift something small.

                  Session 3: Power Your Robot with a Virtual Circuit


                  Activity: Make a Virtual Circuit

                  Task: Your robot now needs power to work.

                  Make a virtual circuit on a computer to light up your robot or help it move.

                  Steps:

                    STEP - 1   Open a virtual lab like PhET Circuit Kit.


                    STEP - 2   Add a battery, bulb, switch and wires.


                    STEP - 3   Join them to make a complete circuit.

                    STEP - 4   Turn the switch ON and OFF to see the bulb glow.


                    STEP - 5   Imagine the bulb as your robot’s power light.

                  Skills Practiced:

                     Understanding how power flows                 Making a simple electric connection

                     Using digital tools safely

                  Outcome for Session 3: A glowing bulb that shows your robot is ready to work!

                  Final Deliverables


                  Tick ( ) the box if submitted:

                     Drawing of your robot (Session 1)

                     Robot model photo (Session 2)


                     Screenshot or drawing of circuit (Session 3)

                  Students will learn how simple machines make work easier and how electricity helps a

                  robot move. They will also use their imagination to build and test their own smart helper
                  robot.



                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 74]]></page><page Index="77"><![CDATA[Components List



                                               A wire is a long, bendable piece that helps carry electricity.
                                               It connects things like a battery and a light bulb so they can
                                               work. Wires help the electricity travel to where it's needed to

                                               make things shine or move.




                            Wire

                                               Sensors help the robot sense things around it, like light, sound
                                               or movement. They can tell the robot if something is close or

                                               far away. Sensors help the robot make decisions, like when
                                               to  stop  or turn. Without  sensors, the robot  wouldn’t know
                                               what’s happening in its environment.


                          Sensors

                                               A light bulb is  a small  round object  that  lights up  when

                                               electricity flows through it. It helps us see things in the dark
                                               by turning electricity into light. When the bulb is connected to
                                               a battery or power, it shines brightly.




                         Light Bulb


                                               A battery gives power to the robot so it can move and work.
                                               The robot uses the battery to get energy for all its parts. When
                                               the battery runs out, the robot stops working. We need to

                                               recharge or replace the battery to keep the robot going.




                           Battery

                                               A switch is a small device used to open or close an electric
                                               circuit.









                          Switches



                                                                                         Components List
                                                                                                                    75]]></page><page Index="78"><![CDATA[Young Innovators




                                                            Aarav Vijai

                                                            Aarav      Vijai,   an    Indian    innovator,
                                                            developed “Feed Ease,” a robotic arm feeder

                                                            designed  to  help children with  cerebral  palsy
                                                            and other physical disabilities eat independently.
                                                            He began the project when he was in the sixth
                                                            grade, inspired by his own experience of living

                                                            with  a  fractured  arm, which gave  him  insight
                                                            into  the  challenges  of limited  mobility.  Aarav
                                                            collaborated  with  NGOs to  test  and  refine  his
                     prototype, improving its stability, range of motion and usability. The final design

                     included a durable metal spoon and smoother movement to make feeding safer
                     and more comfortable. His invention not only supports children with special needs
                     but also promotes dignity and self-reliance. Aarav’s journey reflects how empathy
                     and technology can work together to make a real social impact.



                     Shubham Banerjee

                     Shubham Banerjee  is an American  innovator
                     who developed  Braigo,  a low-cost  Braille
                     printer prototype, at the age of 12 using a Lego

                     Mindstorms EV3 robotics kit. After learning about
                     the high cost  of commercial Braille printers,
                     he was determined  to  create  an affordable

                     alternative for the visually impaired. His project
                     soon evolved into Braigo Labs Inc., a company
                     focused  on accessible  technology  for all. In
                     2014, he made  history as one of the youngest
                     entrepreneurs  to  receive  venture  capital  funding  from Intel Capital.  Shubham’s

                     invention significantly reduced the cost of Braille printing, making it more accessible
                     to schools and individuals around the world.






                                 AI RoboGenius - II
                 76]]></page></pages></Search>
