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                             Artificial  PhET Lab   Tinkercad   Micro:bit     VEX        Digital    School Fee
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           Shaping Young Minds Through Artificial Intelligence & Robotics




                                                              |
                                                  Content   Team Orange]]></page><page Index="4"><![CDATA[Published by:
                      Orange Education (An Imprint of Orange House Pvt Ltd)
                      9, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002
                      Phone: 011-43776600     +918588814859
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                      Published and Distributed by Orange House Pvt Ltd




                            Preface


                      In today’s rapidly changing world, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics are transforming the way we live, learn and connect. As
                      the need for future-ready skills continues to grow, it is vital to equip students with the knowledge and tools required to excel
                      in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM).
                      AI RoboGenius offers an engaging learning journey that combines the fascinating worlds of Artificial Intelligence, robotics and
                      STEM education. Designed to spark curiosity and creativity in young learners, the series blends hands-on exploration, critical
                      thinking and real-world problem-solving to nurture innovation and logical reasoning.
                      The projects in AI RoboGenius can be carried out through both online simulations and physical kits, giving students the
                      flexibility to learn in digital or hands-on environments. Whether coding, designing or building, learners develop a strong
                      understanding of STEM and AI concepts while applying them in practical, meaningful ways. The series focuses on experiential
                      learning, ensuring that students not only grasp theoretical knowledge but also learn to use it effectively in real-life situations.
                      Aligned  with international  educational  standards,  AI  RoboGenius supports  the development  of essential  skills such as
                      analytical thinking, computational reasoning and creative problem-solving. By the end of the series, students will gain the
                      confidence to innovate, design intelligently and transform their ideas into tangible outcomes.
                      We welcome constructive suggestions to help enhance AI RoboGenius further and make the learning experience even more
                      inspiring and impactful.
                                                                                                                 —Author]]></page><page Index="5"><![CDATA[TRULY ALIGNED WITH THE 9 PRINCIPLES OF NCFSE-2023
                          TRULY ALIGNED WITH THE 9 PRINCIPLES OF NCFSE-2023

                       The books follow the principles of curriculum, values and discipline while promoting inclusion
                        and using real-life contexts. They use clear language, creative pedagogy and technology to
                     make learning joyful. The presentation is engaging, supporting every child’s meaningful learning.

                                                      st
                                                    21  CENTURY SKILLS

                      Learning Skills (4Cs)            Literacy Skills (IMT)           Life Skills (FLIPS)

                            Critical Thinking                 Information Literacy           Flexibility
                            Creativity                       Media Literacy                   Leadership & Responsibility
                            Communication                     Technology Literacy            Initiative
                            Collaboration                                                     Productivity & Accountability
                                                                                             Social Interaction










                                                      DIGITAL RESOURCES


                 FLIPBOOK


















                                                                                        DIGITAL SIMULATIONS]]></page><page Index="6"><![CDATA[ABOUT THE SERIES




                                                        Learning Resources




                                Ask AIRO


                              Engages with curiosity-based
                              questions and explores insightful
                              answers.

                                                                                    Smart Spark

                                                                                  Discovers short and amazing facts
                                                                                  that spark curiosity and inspire
                                                                                  deeper learning.

                                Ethics Edge

                              Focuses on understanding, practising
                              and applying ethical values and
                              responsible behaviour in robotics.

                                                                                    Challenge Chain

                                                                                  Tackles step-up challenges that
                                                                                  introduce exciting twists and build
                                                                                  problem-solving skills.

                                Ecotech Energy

                              Explores how robots contribute to
                              environmental sustainability through
                              innovation and smart solutions.

                                                                                     Career Climb

                                                                                  Learns about diverse career paths
                                                                                  and how individuals shape and
                                                                                  grow their careers in robotics.
                                 Bot Bits


                              Revisits key points of the chapter
                              through a brief summary for easy
                              recall and understanding.]]></page><page Index="7"><![CDATA[TRULY ALIGNED WITH THE 9 PRINCIPLES OF NCFSE-2023




                                                    Assessment Resources




                                                                                           Robo Check


                                                                             Reinforces understanding and
                                                                           improves recall of key concepts
                                                                                 through focused practice.

                                     Visual Vault

                      Enhances observation and visual
                  interpretation skills through engaging
                       and thought-provoking visuals.

                                                                          Competency-Based Questions

                                                                                 Builds the ability to apply
                                                                            knowledge effectively and think
                                                                           critically in real-world contexts.

                                      Case Study

                    Builds understanding of real-world
                        applications and highlights the
                       industry relevance of concepts.

                                                                                    Capstone Project

                                                                       Encourages meaningful connections
                                                                          between learning and real-world
                                                                             problem-solving experiences.

                                  Maker Mission

                     Fosters creativity, innovation and
                   hands-on application skills through
                     engaging and practical activities.
                                                                                       Innovation Lab


                                                                        Revises concepts through practical
                                                                               lab activities to understand
                                                                                     and build confidence.]]></page><page Index="8"><![CDATA[CONTENTS





                       1.     ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE                                                            7
                                What is AI?                     Real Life Examples of AI
                                Advantages and Disadvantages of AI




                       2.     MEET THE SMART WORLD                                                              17
                                AI in Everyday Life             How Does AI Work?
                                AI Applications                 Smart Devices at Home




                       3.     INTRODUCTION TO ROBOTS AND AI                                                    25
                                Robots                          Robotics               Artificial Intelligence (AI)
                                Uses of Robots                  Benefits and Challenges of Robots

                                Components of Robots



                       4.     LOGICAL THINKING AND EARLY ALGORITHMS                                            40
                                Understanding Sequences         Loop                   Pseudocode




                       5.     MEET THE MICRO:BIT                                                               48
                                Micro:bit                       Setup for Micro:bit
                                Build Your First Micro:bit Program




                       6.     PLAYING WITH LIGHTS AND BUTTONS                                                  63
                                Introduction to LEDs            Making Patterns and Shapes
                                Using Button A and Button B




                              CAPSTONE PROJECT                                                                  81


                              COMPONENTS LIST                                                                  83



                              YOUNG INNOVATORS                                                                 84]]></page><page Index="9"><![CDATA[1











                                                                                                    Artificial



                                                                                               Intelligence






                 LEARNING OBJECTIVES


                   What is AI?
                   Real Life Examples of AI
                   Advantages and Disadvantages of AI




                            Hey AIRO, could you tell me what the weather’s
                            like today? I’m planning to go out with friends.



                                                   It’s cloudy today and tomorrow looks the same.

                                             You might want to keep an umbrella handy, AVINA!





                            Oh, thanks a lot! You always seem to
                            know exactly what I need to hear.



                                                          You’re welcome, AVINA! Helping you stay
                                                     prepared is what I’m programmed to do best.





                            How do you always have an answer to
                            everything? It’s like you never get confused!



                                 I’m designed to be artificially intelligent — I can collect, process
                                          and share information quickly to make your life easier.








                                                                                      Artificial Intelligence
                                                                                                                    7]]></page><page Index="10"><![CDATA[How often do you tell Alexa to play your favourite song? If you do, then you are
                  already using Artificial Intelligence.




                  WHAT IS AI?

                  AI stands for Artificial Intelligence. It is the process of making a machine intelligent.

                  Artificial  intelligence  or  "AI,"  refers to  a  computer's  ability  to  think  and  learn.
                  Computers with AI can carry out jobs that are usually done by people.




























                                Brainy Fact


                     John McCarthy is called the 'Father of Artificial Intelligence'.




                                                                                                21 st
                                                                                               Century   #Media Literacy
                                                                                                Skills
                            Video Session


                       Visit the following link OR scan the QR code to watch the video:
                       https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HdIppwUJ0f8










                  REAL LIFE EXAMPLES OF AI

                  Artificial intelligence is used at various places in real-life. Let us learn about some

                  real-life examples of AI.



                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                  8]]></page><page Index="11"><![CDATA[Google Assistant

                 You  must  have asked  Google  Assistant  in your parents'  smartphone,
                 to play a song or video or perform some tasks. Google Assistant is an

                 example  of AI. It is called a virtual assistant  or voice  assistant.  It can
                 respond to our voice.

                 To use Google Assistant, perform the following steps:


                 STEP - 1    Press and hold the Home button on the smartphone. Google Assistant
                               gets activated.



                 STEP - 2    Say "Ok Google". Google Assistant will ask you for service. Now, you can
                               speak to Google Assistant to carry out your tasks.































                                      Home button



                                                                                                21 st
                               Task                                                            Century   #Technology Literacy
                                                                                               Skills

                    Open Google Assistant or Siri in your smartphone and ask the following questions:


                    1. When was television invented?

                    2. What is the currencey of Japan?


                    3. When did India won World Cup?






                                                                                      Artificial Intelligence
                                                                                                                    9]]></page><page Index="12"><![CDATA[Face Lock

                  You must have seen your parents using face lock on their smartphones. If you try
                  opening that phone by scanning your face, AI matches your face with the one saved

                  in it. Since it does not match, the phone remains locked. Hence, the face lock feature
                  in your smartphone is an example of AI.



























                  Robots

                  One of the biggest examples of AI are robots. Robots are automatic machines that
                  can do almost any task without the help of a human.





























                                Brainy Fact


                     Sophia is a humanoid robot developed by the Hong Kong-based company. It is the
                     only robot to get citizenship of a country.





                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 10]]></page><page Index="13"><![CDATA[21 st
                                                                                             Century   #Media Literacy
                                                                                              Skills
                           Video Session


                     Visit the following link OR scan the QR code to watch the video: Meet
                     Misa - Next Generation Social Robot!

                     Visit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQifS4a1y2A







                 YouTube

                 Next time you watch a movie on YouTube, remember that it uses AI.
                 YouTube makes use of AI to determine the best videos for you according to
                 your interest.























                 Google Maps


                 Google Maps are used to locate the place and find the best route to reach the
                 destination. It also helps you find accurate road widths, along with details about
                 where the sidewalks, crosswalks and pedestrian on Google Maps. Google Maps

                 also use AI.






















                                                                                      Artificial Intelligence
                                                                                                                    11]]></page><page Index="14"><![CDATA[ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF AI

                  Like every technology, AI too has its own advantages and disadvantages. Let us first

                  understand its advantages.


                                                             Does not get
                                                                 tired
                                          High                                        Can work
                                       Efficiency                                        24/7

                                                             Advantages
                                                                 of AI
                                                                                       Can take
                                          High
                                       Accuracy                                      decisions very
                                                                                          fast

                  Now let us understand its disadvantages also.



                                                                 Very
                                                              Expensive
                                      Depends on
                                      data to learn                                Has no Emotions

                                                           Disadvantages
                                                                 of AI

                                       Can make
                                      humans lazy                                    No creativity




                                Reboot


                      Identify the ones that use AI and tick ( ) in the circle.



























                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 12]]></page><page Index="15"><![CDATA[21 st
                                                                                            Century   #Creativity
                                                                                            Skills
                                           GAME          01           Doodles to Pictures



                    This game uses AI to identify the pattern drawn by you and translate it into a real
                    image. Perform the following steps to play the game:

                     STEP - 1   Visit the following link OR scan the QR code to play the game:

                    https://mitmedialab.github.io/GAN-play/

                     STEP - 2   Draw a picture.


                     STEP - 3   Click on Translate button. AI will translate it into a real image.












































                   «   Artificial intelligence or "AI," refers to a computer's ability to think and
                       learn.

                   «   Robots are machines who can do any task without the help of a human.

                   «   YouTube makes use of AI to determine the best videos for viewers.
                   «   AI is very expensive and depends on data to learn.







                                                                                      Artificial Intelligence
                                                                                                                    13]]></page><page Index="16"><![CDATA[C.  Fill in the blanks using the given hints:
                                                                                                                                                1.  ………………………. are machines who can do any task without the
                                                            rOBO cHECK                                                                             help of a human.



                  A.  Tick ( ) the correct option.                                                                                              2.  AI refers to machine’s ability to ………………………. and learn.
                     1.  Which of the following is a robot?
                                                                                                                                                3.  ………………………. uses AI to determine the best videos for us.
                                (i)                                        (ii)

                                                                                                                                            D.  Match the following names with their icons:



                                                                                                                                                 1.  YouTube                                    a.
                                (iii)                                      (iv)




                     2.  Which of the following is a real life example of AI?
                                                                                                                                                2.  Google Maps                                 b.
                                (i)                                        (ii)





                                                                                                                                                3.  Google Assistant                            c.

                                (iii)                                      (iv)


                                                                                                                                            COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS
                     3.  Which of the following is an example of a virtual assistant?
                                                                                                                                            1.  Arjun has been asked to design a system that recommends movies to users based on
                                                                                                                                                their viewing history. How can he apply Artificial Intelligence to build this system?
                                (i)                                        (ii)
                                                                                                                                            2.  Meera works in a retail company that wants to use Artificial Intelligence to improve
                                                                                                                                                customer experience. Suggest two real-life ways she can apply AI in her workplace.





                                (iii)                                      (iv)
                                                                                                                                                              In Life                                                    Century   #Critical Thinking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           21 st
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Skills
                                                                                                                                               AI is like any other technology. It should be used with care so that it can make our lives
                  B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.                                                                                    better and beautiful! Write the name of any one AI example which helps you find the
                     1.  'OK Google' is a virtual assistant.                                                                                   way to go to a particular place in real life.


                     2.  AI gets tired easily.


                     3.  A robot needs human help to perform a task.




                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 14]]></page><page Index="17"><![CDATA[C.  Fill in the blanks using the given hints:
                    1.  ………………………. are machines who can do any task without the                          Hints

                        help of a human.                                                                 Think
                                                                                                        YouTube

                    2.  AI refers to machine’s ability to ………………………. and learn.                         Robots

                    3.  ………………………. uses AI to determine the best videos for us.



                 D.  Match the following names with their icons:



                     1.  YouTube                                    a.







                    2.  Google Maps                                 b.







                    3.  Google Assistant                            c.





                COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS


                 1.  Arjun has been asked to design a system that recommends movies to users based on
                    their viewing history. How can he apply Artificial Intelligence to build this system?

                 2.  Meera works in a retail company that wants to use Artificial Intelligence to improve
                    customer experience. Suggest two real-life ways she can apply AI in her workplace.





                                  In Life                                                     Century   #Critical Thinking
                                                                                               21 st
                                                                                              Skills

                    AI is like any other technology. It should be used with care so that it can make our lives
                    better and beautiful! Write the name of any one AI example which helps you find the
                    way to go to a particular place in real life.












                                                                                      Artificial Intelligence
                                                                                                                    15]]></page><page Index="18"><![CDATA[21 st
                                                                                             Century   #Technology Literacy
                                                                                              Skills
                               Lab


                        1.  Open Paint and draw a robot performing any task that you want it to do.
                        2.   Visit your computer lab and try the game by clicking on the given link or
                           scanning the QR code:

                           https://artsandculture.google.com/experiment/guess-the-line/
                           ogH0ouxdq_sR6w?hl=en






































































                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 16]]></page><page Index="19"><![CDATA[2












                                                                                                      MEET THE


                                                                                             SMART WORLD






                 LEARNING OBJECTIVES


                   AI in Everyday Life                          How Does AI Work?
                   AI Applications                              Smart Devices at Home





                            Airo, when I watch one cartoon, the next one is
                            fun too!



                                                                              That’s because  YouTube

                                                                                           uses AI, Avina!






                            AI? What is that?




                                                          AI is like a helper. It remembers what you
                                                                  like and shows you more cartoons.





                            Oh! That’s why I see my favourite
                            cartoons again!



                                                                                Yes! AI learns what you
                                                                    enjoy and helps you watch more.








                                                                                    Meet the Smart World
                                                                                                                    17]]></page><page Index="20"><![CDATA[Humans have Natural Intelligence, allowing them to think, learn, and remember

                  things. For example, you can remember your favourite song or learn how to solve
                  a puzzle.

                  Some  machines  are made  to  be smart. They use something  called  Artificial

                  Intelligence (AI). AI helps machines learn and do work for you, like talking, playing
                  music or helping find things. For example, a smart speaker can remember your
                  favourite songs and play them when you ask.




                  AI IN EVERYDAY LIFE

                  AI is all around us, making machines helpful in our daily life. AI helps machines
                  become  smart  and  do  things  like  humans such  as  listening,  understanding  and

                  giving answers.





                  Voice Assistant

                  A voice assistant is a smart device like Alexa or Siri, that can
                  play music, tell jokes or answer questions when you talk to it.





                                            Smartwatch

                                            A smartwatch is a special type of watch. It not only shows
                                            the time but also does many smart things. It can count your

                                            steps and check your heartbeat. It can also show messages
                                            and calls.







                  Navigation

                  Navigation apps help in finding the way from one place to

                  another. AI helps apps like Google Maps show the shortest
                  route. It tells you where to go, shows traffic on the road and
                  helps people reach their places easily.









                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 18]]></page><page Index="21"><![CDATA[Security

                                       AI can recognise faces and keep you safe. Some cameras use AI
                                       to know your family members and friends. If a stranger comes

                                       near, the camera can give a warning.







                 HOW DOES AI WORK?


                 AI is like a smart helper on a computer or phone. It does not have a brain, but it
                 learns from data, pictures or language. Like you learn from practise, AI finds patterns

                 and uses them to help people. For example:

                 If you show AI many pictures of cats, it will learn what a cat looks like.



























                 If you show AI many pictures, it can easily identify cats.















                                                                                                      Cat








                                                                                    Meet the Smart World
                                                                                                                    19]]></page><page Index="22"><![CDATA[AI APPLICATIONS

                  There are various things that Artificial Intelligence can do. Some of them are as

                  follows:





                                                AI can play games: It can play games like chess and racing

                                               games.









                     AI can help doctors: AI supports doctors by studying
                     medical reports, scans and other health data to find
                     problems more quickly and accurately.









                                              AI can create music and art: AI can create original music
                                               and  artwork, sometimes  working  together  with  human

                                               artists.







                     AI can drive cars: AI helps cars move safely on the road.
                     These cars can drive without a person by understanding
                     the road, traffic and obstacles in the way. This makes the

                     journey safer.




                  SMART DEVICES AT HOME


                  A smart home has devices like lights, fans and TVs that can
                  be controlled using your phone or computer.










                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 20]]></page><page Index="23"><![CDATA[Let’s learn about smart devices at home:



                                                     Smart TV


                                                     A Smart TV is a television that can connect to the
                                                     Internet. You  can watch  cartoons  and shows on
                                                     different apps.




                 Smart Toys

                 Smart toys are toys that can talk, move and play with

                 you.  Some can even tell stories  and remember  your
                 name.







                                                         Smart Thermostat

                                                         A smart thermostat adjusts the temperature in
                                                         your home. It remembers your preferences and
                                                         you can control it using your phone or voice.






                 Smart Lights

                 Smart lights are lights you can control without a switch.
                 You can use your phone or voice to turn them on or off.

                 They can change colours, get brighter or dimmer and even
                 turn on when you enter a room.








                                                          Smart Refrigerator

                                                          A  smart  refrigerator keeps  food  cold. It can

                                                          tell you when the quantity milk is low or food is
                                                          getting spoiled.







                                                                                    Meet the Smart World
                                                                                                                    21]]></page><page Index="24"><![CDATA[Smart Doorbell

                  A smart doorbell has a camera and a speaker. It lets
                  you see and talk to the person at the door, even if you

                  are not at home. It also sends a message to your phone
                  to help keep your home safe.






                                              Smart Lock


                                              A smart lock lets you open doors without a key. You can use
                                              your phone, a code or your fingerprint to unlock it. It keeps
                                              your home safe and easy to enter.









                  Smart Vacuum Cleaner

                  A smart vacuum cleaner can clean the floor all

                  by  itself.  You  just  press a button and it  moves
                  around the house, picking up dust and dirt.








                                                        Smart Security Camera

                                                        A smart camera watches a place to keep it safe. It
                                                        can see who is at the door and send a message to

                                                        your phone.







                    «   AI helps machines learn and do work for you, like talking, playing music
                        or helping find things.


                    «   AI learns from data, pictures or language.
                    «   A smart home has devices like lights, fans and TVs that can work on their own. You can
                        also control them using your phone or computer.





                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 22]]></page><page Index="25"><![CDATA[ROBO CHECK



                 A.  Tick ( ) the correct option.
                    1.  Identify what a voice assistant like Alexa or Siri can do.

                               (i)  Cook food                            (ii)  Play music


                               (iii)  Clean the house                    (iv)  Draw pictures

                    2.  Choose the feature of a smartwatch.

                               (i)   It tells the time                   (ii)  It can read books

                               (iii)   It can fly                        (iv)  It makes food


                    3.  Which of the following is the way AI provides security using smart cameras?

                               (i)  Recognises faces and sends alerts

                               (ii)  Makes loud noises


                               (iii)  Plays games


                               (iv)  Cleans the house

                    4.  How does AI help in navigation apps like Google Maps?

                               (i)  It makes maps bigger                 (ii)  It finds the shortest route


                               (iii)  It draws pictures                  (iv)  It plays music

                    5.   Humans have Natural Intelligence. What can they do?

                               (i)  Fly like birds                       (ii)  Think, learn and remember


                               (iii)  Work without sleep                 (iv)  Cook by themselves


                 B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.

                    1.  AI can create original music and artwork.

                    2.  A smart TV cannot be connected to the Internet.


                    3.  A smart thermostat adjusts the temperature in your home.









                                                                                    Meet the Smart World
                                                                                                                    23]]></page><page Index="26"><![CDATA[4.   A smart refrigerator tells you when the quantity of milk is low or

                         food is spoiled.

                     5.  A smart vacuum cleaner sees who is at the door and sends a message.


                  C.  Fill in the blanks using the given hints:
                     1.  AI supports                   by studying medical reports.                       Hints

                                                                                                      Smart camera
                     2.  A                 lets you open doors without a key.
                                                                                                        Smart toys
                     3.                  can talk, move and play with you.                              Smart lock

                     4.  A                 watches a place to keep it safe.                               Phone
                                                                                                         Doctors
                     5.   A smart doorbell sends a message to your                        to help
                         keep your home safe.



                  COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS                                                        21 st
                                                                                                   Century   #Critical Thinking
                                                                                                    Skills
                  1.   Nafisa wants to go to her friend’s house, but she doesn’t know the way. Which AI tool
                     can she use?
                  2.   Adil’s grandmother finds it difficult to type on a phone. She is fond of listening to songs.

                     Which AI tool can help her?










































                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 24]]></page><page Index="27"><![CDATA[3











                                                                                             Introduction



                                                                                      to Robots and AI






                 LEARNING OBJECTIVES


                   Robots                                      Robotics
                   Artificial Intelligence (AI)                Uses of Robots
                   Benefits and Challenges of Robots           Components of Robots




                            Hey AIRO, I wonder how robots and AI
                            are part of our daily lives.



                                                            They are everywhere, helping in schools,

                                                                 homes, factories and even in space.





                            So, AI makes them smarter
                            than normal machines?


                                                                 Yes, AI helps robots think, learn and

                                                                                         make decisions.





                            That sounds really
                            exciting to understand.


                                                                            Yes, let’s learn more about

                                                                                           robots and AI.








                                                                              Introduction to Robots and AI
                                                                                                                    25]]></page><page Index="28"><![CDATA[Robots and AI are making life easier, safer and more enjoyable by learning new
                  skills and solving problems. From home tasks to exploring dangerous places, they’re

                  transforming how we live. Let us discover how robots and AI work together to make
                  our lives easier, safer and more fun.



                  ROBOTS

                  A robot is a machine designed to perform tasks like a human. It

                  can follow instructions or respond to what is happening around
                  it. A robot may have arms to lift objects, wheels or legs to move

                  and  sensors to  detect  light,  sound  or obstacles.  Inside  every
                  robot is a small computer, called its brain, which helps it process
                  information and decide what actions to take.



                  ROBOTICS


                  Robotics is the study of making and using robots.
                  It teaches  you  how to  build,  design  and control

                  robots.  Robotics  helps  us  learn how to teach
                  robots to perform different tasks.

                  Here are the steps to make and control a robot:









                                                  Building robots: It is like putting together a toy. Robots have
                                                wheels to move, motors to make parts work and sensors
                                                to see or feel things. Each part has a job and together the

                                                robot can do tasks.







                     Programming robots: After a robot is build, you need to
                     tell it what to do. Programming is giving robots instructions
                     using simple codes. It is like giving the robot a small brain

                     to follow directions.






                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 26]]></page><page Index="29"><![CDATA[Controlling  robots: Once  the robot  is ready, you  can
                                                 control it with buttons, a remote or its sensors. Robots
                                                 can move, stop, turn or go faster depending on what you

                                                 tell them or what they sense.







                          VISUAL VAULT

                          The robot’s battery is low and it needs to reach the charging station. Draw
                          arrows              to guide the robot to reach safely from its starting point to
                          the charging station.

































                 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)


                 Artificial Intelligence (AI) is like giving a robot
                 a smart brain. It helps the robot think, learn
                 and make decisions by itself. A normal robot

                 just follows instructions exactly. However, a
                 robot with AI can notice what’s happening

                 around it, learn from what it does and solve
                 simple problems on its own. AI makes robots
                 smarter, more helpful and able to do tasks

                 without needing humans to help.


                                                                              Introduction to Robots and AI
                                                                                                                    27]]></page><page Index="30"><![CDATA[STA

                  STA stands for Sense, Think and Act, using it robots make smart decisions. Robots
                  use STA to understand their surroundings, plan actions and then perform tasks. Let

                  us understand the concept of STA:






                                                  Sense: The robot uses sensors, like eyes and ears, to
                                                   detect  objects,  sounds  or movements.  Example:  The

                                                   robot sees a cup on the table.









                     Think: The robot’s brain, powered by AI, decides what
                     to  do based  on  what  it  has sensed.  Example:  Robot

                     decides to pick up the cup to move it safely.










                                                    Act: The robot performs an action, such as moving,

                                                     picking  up objects  or  speaking.  Example: The robot
                                                     moves its arm, picks up the cup and places it in the

                                                     sink.





                        Ask AIRO


                        If a robot could think for itself, how would it know what’s good or bad?



                  Real-world Examples of Artificial Intelligence (AI)


                  Artificial Intelligence (AI) is used in many things that you see and use every day.









                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 28]]></page><page Index="31"><![CDATA[Let’s look at some examples:

                    Smart  helpers  (Siri or Alexa): These  devices

                    listen to your questions and give answers. They
                    can play  music,  set  reminders  and  even help
                    with homework.








                                                   Self-driving cars: Some cars have AI that helps them

                                                    drive by  themselves. They can stop  if something  is
                                                    in the way, follow road rules and reach destinations
                                                    safely.













                    Video game characters: Many games have AI

                    characters that can think and make decisions.
                    They play against you and try to win.









                                                            Factory robots: Robots in factories help move

                                                             boxes  or put  things together.  AI helps them
                                                             learn new tasks and do their jobs faster and
                                                             more accurately.









                 USES OF ROBOTS

                 Robots are smart machines that make work easier, faster and safer.







                                                                              Introduction to Robots and AI
                                                                                                                    29]]></page><page Index="32"><![CDATA[Here are some ways robots help us in daily life:

                       Robots at home: Clean floors, sweep, mop
                       and mow lawns automatically.












                                                               Robots in factories: Put parts together, pack
                                                              products and repeat tasks quickly.








                     Robots in hospitals: Help  doctors  during
                     surgery and assist patients in recovery.









                                                                 Robots exploring space: Explore dangerous
                                                                areas like Mars and repair satellites.







                     Robots in agriculture: Plant seeds evenly and

                     pick fruits and vegetables carefully.










                                                               Robots in  military  and  defence: Remove
                                                              bombs  safely and rescue  people  during

                                                              disasters.






                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 30]]></page><page Index="33"><![CDATA[Delivery robots: Carry parcels in schools or

                    buildings  by  using  sensors to  avoid  people
                    and walls.










                                                      Robot  teachers: Help students  by answering

                                                     questions or showing lessons on a screen.



                                                                                 Robots like RoboChef can watch
                                                                   SMART         humans and copy simple tasks,
                                                                   SPARK      learning how to do jobs on their own.






                 BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF ROBOTS


                 Robots  are machines  that  can  help  with  many  tasks.  Here  are  the  benefits
                 of Robots:




                                                               Do boring or
                                                              repetitive jobs


                                        Work faster                             Never get tired
                                       than humans




                                                                Benefits






                                        Can perform                          Work precisely with
                                      dangerous tasks                           fewer mistakes









                                                                              Introduction to Robots and AI
                                                                                                                    31]]></page><page Index="34"><![CDATA[If a robot sees another robot
                                                             having a problem, should it keep
                                                                working or alert a human?




                  Even though robots are helpful, they also have some challenges. Let’s look at a few:





                                                               Expensive
                                                                to make
                                                                  and
                                                                 repair





                                        Depend                                           Need
                                      on batteries                                      regular
                                           or                                        maintenance
                                       electricity            Challenges







                                                   May
                                                 replace                       Cannot
                                              some human                       think for
                                                   jobs                      themselves








                  COMPONENTS OF ROBOTS


                  A robot is made up of several important parts that help it interact with its surroundings
                  and complete different tasks.

                  The main components of a robot are as follows:

                     Controller  (Brain  of the robot):  The controller is  the  processing  unit  which
                     functions  as the robot's  brain. It receives  information  from sensors, makes

                     decisions based on its programming and sends signals to the actuators to control
                     the robot's movements and actions. This central control unit coordinates all the
                     robot's components to perform its tasks accurately.






                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 32]]></page><page Index="35"><![CDATA[Sensors (Robot's senses): Sensors are the devices that give a robot the ability

                    to perceive its environment. They gather data such as light, sound, temperature,
                    proximity and pressure and convert it into electrical signals that are sent to the
                    controller. Without sensors, a robot would be unable to interact effectively with the

                    world.






















                    Actuators (Muscles of the robot): Actuators are the components that produce
                    motion  in the  robot,  converting  energy  into  physical  movement.  They can

                    be  powered by  electricity,  hydraulic  fluid or compressed  air. Actuators  are
                    responsible for moving the robot's arms, legs, wheels or other parts.






















                                                                              Introduction to Robots and AI
                                                                                                                    33]]></page><page Index="36"><![CDATA[Power supply (Energy for the robot): The power supply provides the energy
                     needed for the robot to operate its controller, sensors and actuators. This energy

                     can come from batteries, a direct connection to an electrical outlet, solar power
                     or other sources, depending on the robot's purpose and mobility.
































                     End effector (Robot's hand or tool): The end effector, also called the end-of-
                     arm-tooling (EOAT), is the device attached to the robot's wrist that allows it to
                     perform its specific task. It is the part that physically interacts with objects or

                     performs a process.


























                       Body/Frame (Robot's skeleton): The body or frame is the structural component

                     that holds all the robot's parts together. Made from materials like metal or plastic,
                     it gives the robot its shape and provides the necessary support for all the other
                     components.



                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 34]]></page><page Index="37"><![CDATA[Software/Programming (Robot's instructions): Software consists of the coded
                    instructions that tell the robot what to do and how to do it. This programming is
                    stored in the controller and defines the robot's behaviour, enabling it to perceive

                    its environment, make decisions and execute tasks. Software can range from
                    simple, pre-set commands to complex artificial intelligence algorithms.





























                  ECOTECH       Farm robots only water plants when the soil is dry, helping to save water and
                  ENERGY        making  sure plants grow better.  This reduces  waste  and ensures the plants
                                receive just the right amount of water.




                                                                              Introduction to Robots and AI
                                                                                                                    35]]></page><page Index="38"><![CDATA[4.  Spot what Delivery Robots do.

                    «   STA stands for Sense, Think and Act, using it robots make smart decisions.
                                                                                                                                                           (i)  Play games                           (ii)  Carry parcels
                    «   A robot is a machine designed to perform tasks like a human.
                                                                                                                                                           (iii)  Cook food                          (iv)  Teach students
                    «   Robotics is the study of making and using robots.
                    «   Artificial Intelligence (AI) is like giving a robot a smart brain.                                                      5.  Select how you can control a robot.

                    «   A robot is made up of several important parts that help it interact with its surroundings                                          (i)  With buttons, a remote or its sensors
                        and complete different tasks.
                                                                                                                                                           (ii)  By talking to it
                    «   Controller, Sensors, Actuators, Power supply, End effector, Body/Frame, Software are the
                        main components of a robot.                                                                                                        (iii)  By clapping your hands

                                                                                                                                                           (iv)  By pressing the screen


                                                                                                                                            B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.

                                                                                                                                                1.  A robot is a machine designed to perform tasks like a human.


                                                            rOBO cHECK                                                                          2.  Siri and Alexa do not listen to your questions and give answers.

                                                                                                                                                3.  Robots use STA to understand their surroundings.
                  A.  Tick ( ) the correct option.

                     1.   Identify the action which is powered by AI and decides what to do based on what                                       4.  Software does not consist of the coded instructions.
                         it has sensed.
                                                                                                                                                5.  Robots help doctors during surgery.
                                (i)  Sense                                 (ii)  Think
                                                                                                                                            C.  Fill in the blanks using the given hints:
                                (iii)  Act                                 (iv)  Perform                                                                                                                                             Hints
                                                                                                                                                1.                  consists of the coded instructions that tell the
                     2.  Mark what Robotics teaches you to do.                                                                                     robot what to do and how to do it.                                               Power
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Software
                                (i)  Build, programme and control robots                                                                        2.                  is giving robots instructions using simple codes.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Programming
                                (ii)  Only build robots                                                                                         3.  Robots need                   to work.                                          Sensors
                                                                                                                                                4.  The                 is the processing unit which functions as the              Controller
                                (iii)  Only programme robots                                                                                       robot's brain.

                                (iv)  Only control robots                                                                                       5.  The                 are the devices that give a robot the ability to

                     3.  Choose the correct function of Self-driving cars.                                                                         perceive its environment.

                                (i)  Cook food
                                                                                                                                            COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS
                                (ii)  Drive by themselves and follow road rules
                                                                                                                                            1.  Richa wants to make a robot that can move objects from one place to another. Which

                                (iii)  Clean the house                                                                                          part of the robot would she need to help it pick up and move items?
                                                                                                                                            2.  Rohan is watching a delivery robot move through his school hallway. It pauses when a
                                (iv)  Play music
                                                                                                                                                student walks in front of it. Which part of the robot helps it detect the student?





                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 36]]></page><page Index="39"><![CDATA[4.  Spot what Delivery Robots do.

                               (i)  Play games                           (ii)  Carry parcels

                               (iii)  Cook food                          (iv)  Teach students

                    5.  Select how you can control a robot.

                               (i)  With buttons, a remote or its sensors

                               (ii)  By talking to it


                               (iii)  By clapping your hands

                               (iv)  By pressing the screen


                 B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.

                    1.  A robot is a machine designed to perform tasks like a human.

                    2.  Siri and Alexa do not listen to your questions and give answers.


                    3.  Robots use STA to understand their surroundings.

                    4.  Software does not consist of the coded instructions.


                    5.  Robots help doctors during surgery.


                 C.  Fill in the blanks using the given hints:
                                                                                                         Hints
                    1.                  consists of the coded instructions that tell the
                        robot what to do and how to do it.                                               Power
                                                                                                       Software
                    2.                  is giving robots instructions using simple codes.
                                                                                                     Programming
                    3.  Robots need                    to work.                                         Sensors
                    4.  The                  is the processing unit which functions as the             Controller
                        robot's brain.

                    5.  The                  are the devices that give a robot the ability to
                        perceive its environment.



                 COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS

                 1.  Richa wants to make a robot that can move objects from one place to another. Which
                    part of the robot would she need to help it pick up and move items?

                 2.  Rohan is watching a delivery robot move through his school hallway. It pauses when a
                    student walks in front of it. Which part of the robot helps it detect the student?





                                                                              Introduction to Robots and AI
                                                                                                                    37]]></page><page Index="40"><![CDATA[CASE STUDY







                     A school uses delivery robots to carry books,  stationery or parcels. These robots  have
                     sensors that help them avoid students and obstacles in the hallways. Artificial Intelligence
                     (AI) helps the robots choose the best path to deliver items safely. Robots save time and
                     assist staff by doing tasks that would otherwise take longer or be repetitive.




























                    Based on the above case, answer the following questions:

                    1.  What helps the robots avoid students?


                    2.  Write how does AI help the robot deliver items.



                    3.  Why do you think robots are useful in schools?










                              With skills in robotics programming, you can become a robot programmer, writing the

                              code that teaches robots how to work on their own.










                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 38]]></page><page Index="41"><![CDATA[maker mission


                                                          Paper Cup Robot

                 Let’s build a simple robot using everyday material.
                 Materials Required:

                    1 paper cup
                    Coloured craft papers

                    Glue stick
                    Scissors (with adult supervision)
                    Pencil

                    Googly eyes

                 Follow the steps given below to build your robot:

                  STEP - 1     Take the paper cup. From the coloured sheet, cut two small squares (for the robot’s
                              arms), one rectangle (for the robot’s body) and one square (for the head).Use the
                              glue stick to paste these shapes on the paper cup.




















                      STEP - 2      Paste the googly eyes on the robot’s face using the glue

                                    stick. Then, draw a mouth using a pencil.





                                         STEP - 3    From the coloured sheet, cut two small rectangles (for the
                                                      legs) and  paste them on the paper cup using glue stick.


















                                                                                           Maker Mission
                                                                                                                    39]]></page><page Index="42"><![CDATA[4







                                                                                                           Logical



                                                                                               Thinking and


                                                                                     Early Algorithms






                  LEARNING OBJECTIVES


                    Understanding Sequences
                    Loop
                    Pseudocode




                             Hey AIRO, Do you know how

                             robots work?


                                                                    Robots work by following the steps

                                                                       carefully, without any mistakes.





                             So, robots work in sequences?




                                                                  Yes! They follow the exact sequence

                                                                                                    of steps.




                             How are robots programmed
                             to follow the sequence?



                                    Robots are programmed with instructions that guide them in

                                   a specific order. Let’s learn more about programming robots!








                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 40]]></page><page Index="43"><![CDATA[Robots are smart machines, but they don’t think like humans. Inside each robot is
                 a small computer that acts like its brain. This brain doesn’t have feelings or ideas of

                 its own; it simply follows the instructions you give it.
                 When you program a robot, you provide it with a list of steps to follow, one after

                 another. The robot carefully reads these steps and completes each one in the right
                 order. It doesn’t skip any steps or try to guess what to do next.

                 Just like following a recipe, the robot must do everything exactly as it’s told, in the
                 correct sequence. If it misses a step or makes a mistake, it can’t fix it by itself. That’s

                 why it’s important to give clear and correct instructions.



                 UNDERSTANDING SEQUENCES


                 A sequence means doing things in the right order, step-by-step. Robots need to
                 follow the right order to do their job properly. If the order is wrong, the robot can
                 make mistakes or even stop working.

                 Imagine a robot arm in a factory that picks up and places parts on a conveyor

                 belt. For the robot to do this correctly, it must follow the steps in the right order.
                 Let's look at the correct sequence for picking up a part and placing it on the belt.
                 The correct sequence is:

                 1.  Move forward to the part.

                 2.  Lower the arm to pick up the part.

                 3.  Close the grip to hold the part.

                 4.  Lift the arm and move it to the conveyor belt.

                 5.  Release the part onto the belt.




























                                                                        Logical Thinking and Early Algorithms
                                                                                                                    41]]></page><page Index="44"><![CDATA[If the robot tries to do these steps
                  in the wrong order, like trying to             SMART        Ai-Da is a smart robot that can draw

                  release the part before picking                SPARK      and paint. It learns by looking at pictures
                  it  up,  the  part  might  fall or not                        and then makes its own artwork.
                  reach the belt at all.



                  LOOP


                  Sometimes, robots need to do the same thing
                  again and again. A loop helps the robot repeat

                  the same actions automatically, so you don’t
                  need to tell it every time.

                  Imagine a robot that needs to sweep the floor.
                  Instead  of telling  the  robot  to  move  forward,

                  turn left and sweep the floor three times, you
                  can use a loop. This makes it much easier to program the robot.

                  For example, the following instruction can be given to the robot to clean the floor:

                  Repeat 3 times:
                                                                            If a robot sees someone getting hurt,
                     Move forward
                                                                             should it stop and alert a human for
                     Turn left                                               help immediately to ensure safety?

                     Sweep the floor

                  By using a loop, the robot will repeat the given three steps three times without you
                  having to write them out each time. This saves time and makes the program simpler.



                           VISUAL VAULT

                           Guide the robot to move from its starting point to the Star, by following the
                           given code:
                           Start

                           Repeat 2 times:

                           Move forward 1 step
                           Turn right

                           Move forward 1 step

                           Stop





                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 42]]></page><page Index="45"><![CDATA[PSEUDOCODE

                 Pseudocode is a simple way to describe what a robot should do before writing the

                 actual code. It uses plain words instead of symbols, so anyone can understand the
                 steps.

                 Let’s say you want a robot to clean the floor. To program the robot, you need to give
                 it the steps in the correct order.

                 Here’s how the steps might look like in pseudocode:

                 Start

                 Move forward

                 Turn left

                 Sweep the floor

                 Turn right

                 Move forward

                 Stop

                 With pseudocode, you can easily plan what the robot should do and later, you can
                 turn these simple instructions into real code.


                      Ask AIRO


                      Why is pseudocode written in plain words instead of symbols?






                  ECOTECH       Robots are being used to monitor ocean pollution, collecting trash and studying
                  ENERGY        marine life to protect underwater ecosystems.










                   «   A sequence means doing things in the right order, step by step.
                   «   Robots need to follow the right order to do their job properly.

                   «   A loop helps the robot repeat the same actions automatically, so you don’t need to tell it
                       every time.

                   «   Pseudocode uses plain words instead of symbols, so anyone can understand the steps.






                                                                        Logical Thinking and Early Algorithms
                                                                                                                    43]]></page><page Index="46"><![CDATA[C.  Fill in the blanks using the given hints:
                                                                                                                                                1.  A                 means doing things in the right order                          Hints
                                                            rOBO cHECK                                                                             step-by-step.                                                                  Pseudocode
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Same
                                                                                                                                                2.  A                 helps the robot repeat the same actions
                  A.  Tick ( ) the correct option.                                                                                                 automatically.                                                                  Sequence

                     1.   Which of the following is a simple way to describe what a robot should do?                                                                                                                                 Robot
                                                                                                                                                3.                  uses plain words instead of symbols.                             Loop
                                (i)  Sequence                              (ii)  Pseudocode
                                                                                                                                                4.  The                 follows the steps in the correct order to
                                (iii)  Loop                                (iv)  Instruction                                                       complete its tasks correctly.

                     2.  Mark the first step for the robot to pick up a part and place it on the belt.                                          5.  Robots can do the                    thing again and again.

                                (i)  Move forward                          (ii)  Release part
                                                                                                                                            COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS
                                (iii)  Close grip                          (iv)  Lift arm
                                                                                                                                            1.  Rahul’s robot is programmed to clean the floor. It needs to repeat the same steps three
                     3.  Spot the correct action which happen when the order of sequence is wrong.                                              times. What should Rahul use to make the robot repeat the cleaning steps?

                                (i)  Finish fast                           (ii)  Make mistakes                                              2.  Kiran’s robot arm picks up parts in a factory. What will happen if the robot skips a step
                                                                                                                                                while picking up the part?
                                (iii)  Guess steps                         (iv)  Work correctly


                     4.  Which of the following does a loop help the robot do?
                                (i)  Think                                 (ii)  Repeat actions


                                (iii)  Guess                               (iv)  Stop

                     5.  Identify from the following the function of the robot’s brain.

                                (i)  Thinks like humans

                                (ii)  Makes decisions on its own

                                (iii)  Follows the instructions given by humans


                                (iv)  Has feelings and ideas

                  B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.

                     1.  Loop saves time and makes the program simpler.


                     2.  To program the robot, you need to give it the steps in the wrong order.


                     3.  If the robot misses a step, it can fix the mistake by itself.

                     4.  Pseudocode makes easy to turns instructions into real code.


                     5.  Robot must do everything exactly as it’s told, in the correct sequence.




                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 44]]></page><page Index="47"><![CDATA[C.  Fill in the blanks using the given hints:
                    1.  A                 means doing things in the right order                          Hints

                        step-by-step.                                                                 Pseudocode
                                                                                                         Same
                    2.  A                 helps the robot repeat the same actions
                        automatically.                                                                 Sequence
                                                                                                         Robot
                    3.                  uses plain words instead of symbols.                             Loop

                    4.  The                  follows the steps in the correct order to
                        complete its tasks correctly.
                    5.  Robots can do the                    thing again and again.



                 COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS

                 1.  Rahul’s robot is programmed to clean the floor. It needs to repeat the same steps three
                    times. What should Rahul use to make the robot repeat the cleaning steps?

                 2.  Kiran’s robot arm picks up parts in a factory. What will happen if the robot skips a step
                    while picking up the part?





                                                           CASE STUDY





                    Posha is a smart robot that helps people cook delicious meals in the kitchen. All you have to
                    do is choose a recipe, add the ingredients, and Posha takes care of the cooking! It can make
                    different dishes like pasta, soups, and stir-fries. Posha uses special sensors to make sure the

                    food is cooked perfectly, and it adjusts the heat and stirs the ingredients at the right time.
                    One day, a family used Posha to make a tasty vegetarian stir-fry. Posha followed the recipe
                    perfectly, and the family enjoyed a healthy and delicious meal. They were happy because
                    Posha made cooking easy and fun!

























                                                                        Logical Thinking and Early Algorithms
                                                                                                                    45]]></page><page Index="48"><![CDATA[Based on the above case, answer the following questions:

                    1.  What makes Posha a great helper in the kitchen?




                    2.  Why did the family enjoy their meal made by Posha?




                    3.  In what way does Posha make cooking fun and easy?













                              With skills in robotics design, you can become a robot designer, creating the physical
                              parts of robots to help them perform specific tasks.













































                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 46]]></page><page Index="49"><![CDATA[maker mission


                                                           Robot Cleaner

                 Learn to build a robot that can move and clean.
                 Materials Required:

                    4 small rubber tyres
                    1 small brush

                    1 plastic container or box
                    1 piece of thread

                    Tape or glue
                 Follow the steps given below to build your cleaner robot:


                  STEP - 1          Take a small plastic container or a box as the base of
                                  your robot.  This will  hold the other components  in
                                  place.





                                               STEP - 2    Attach the rubber tyres to the plastic container.










                  STEP - 3          Attach the brushes to the plastic container using glue.









                                               STEP - 4    Tie the string through a small hole at the front of the
                                                            robot.




                 Pull the thread and the robot will move forward to clean the floor using its brushes.
















                                                                                           Maker Mission
                                                                                                                    47]]></page><page Index="50"><![CDATA[5
















                                                                                  Meet the Micro:bit






                  LEARNING OBJECTIVES


                    Micro:bit
                    Setup for Micro:bit
                    Build Your First Micro:bit Program




                             Hey AIRO, Is it possible to display

                             text on a robot that moves?


                                                                    Of course, AVINA! We can use the

                                                                                     micro:bit to do that.





                             That sounds amazing! How does
                             the robot know what to display?


                                                                       We can program it with code to

                                                                          show any message you want.





                             I’d love to try it! How do we
                             start?


                                                                           Let us learn how to do it with

                                                                               the micro:bit and coding!








                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 48]]></page><page Index="51"><![CDATA[The micro:bit  is  a small but  programmable  computer  that  helps  you  turn your
                 ideas into reality through exciting projects. In this chapter, you'll get familiar with

                 the micro:bit, learn how to set it up and create your first program to bring your
                 creations to life.



                 MICRO:BIT

                 A micro:bit is a small, pocket sized, easy to use minicomputer. It has a 5x5 Light

                 Emitting Diode (LEDs) display, two programmable buttons and sensors that detect
                 movement. You can write programs using block-based editors and then transfer it

                 to the device.




























                 Components of Micro:bit

                 The micro:bit has several components, divided between the front and back of the
                 board. Let us explore the components in detail.

                 Front Components

                 The front of the  micro:bit  contains  all the user input  and output  components.

                 Let us learn the front components:

                    5x5 LED Display: A grid of 25 programmable LEDs that can display text, numbers
                    and images.

                    Programmable Buttons: Two buttons, A and B, that you can press to control
                    your project.

                    Touch-Sensitive Logo: A sensor on the logo that reacts when touched.






                                                                                       Meet the Micro:Bit
                                                                                                                    49]]></page><page Index="52"><![CDATA[USB Connector: Used to connect the micro:bit to a computer for programming.

                     Edge Connector Pins: Pins on the edge for connecting to other devices.


                     Start/Stop the Simulation: Used to start/stop the program.


                                                          USB connector




                                                                                           Touch-sensitive logo
                                    5×5 LED display


                                                                                            Programmable
                                                                                               buttons


                                                                                                 Edge
                                                                                            connector pins
                           Start/Stop the simulation


                  Back Components
                  The back of the micro:bit helps the device function and interact with its surroundings.

                  Let us learn the back components:

                     Microphone: Detects sound and lights up when active.


                     Battery Socket: Allows you to use batteries instead of a USB cable, making it
                     portable.


                     Processor: Acts as the brain, following instructions and measuring temperature.

                     Speaker: Plays sounds, music and other audio.






                                                                                               Battery
                                                                                               Socket
                                 Microphone

                                  Processor
                                                                                               Speaker













                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 50]]></page><page Index="53"><![CDATA[Key Features of Micro:bit

                 The micro:bit  is a small computer  that  helps you  learn  coding  in a fun  and

                 creative way. Here are some of its key features:

                    Easy to Use: You can program it using simple blocks.

                    Sensors: It can sense light, movement and temperature.

                    Sound: It can play music and detect sounds.

                    Fun Learning: It helps you learn by making and playing.


                 Applications of Micro:bit

                 The micro:bit helps you to explore how technology can solve problems and make

                 life easier. Here are the few applications of micro:bit:

                    Game Making: Create fun games that you can play with friends.


                    Music Projects: Make your micro:bit play different tunes.


                    Smart Alarms: Build an alarm that beeps when it gets too dark or bright.

                    Movement Tracker: Use the sensors to track steps or movement.


                    Home Ideas: Control small lights or fans in a model smart home.



                          VISUAL VAULT
                          Identify and write the front components of micro:bit.

































                                                                                       Meet the Micro:Bit
                                                                                                                    51]]></page><page Index="54"><![CDATA[SETUP FOR MICRO:BIT

                  Setting up your micro:bit is simple and easy. You can connect it to your computer to

                  write, test and upload code. It’s a quick way to start building your projects.


                  Microsoft MakeCode

                  Microsoft  MakeCode is  a  free tool  that  helps  you  to  create  projects  with  your

                  micro:bit. You can code using colourful blocks. It saves your work automatically.
                  Let us understand the steps to create a project on Microsoft MakeCode micro:bit:


                   STEP - 1    Open the web browser and type https://www.microsoft.com/
                               en-us/makecode in the address bar or scan the QR code.






























                   STEP - 2    Click on Start coding option in micro:bit.






























                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 52]]></page><page Index="55"><![CDATA[STEP - 3   Microsoft | micro:bit  editor screen will appear.




























                 STEP - 4   Click on New Project, then enter your project name and click on the Create option.

























                 The following micro:bit editor screen will appear.




                                                        on  start  forever























                                                                                       Meet the Micro:Bit
                                                                                                                    53]]></page><page Index="56"><![CDATA[SMART      The micro:bit can be used as the brain of robots, controlling
                                  SPARK       motors and sensors to make them move and interact with
                                                                  the environment.





                  Interface of Micro:bit

                  The micro:bit interface is the screen where you create your code. It helps you build,
                  test and download your programs easily.

                                                                                             Share




                                                                   on  start  forever


                             Micro:bit
                            Simulator                              Toolbox

                                                                                          Workspace








                             Download


                  Let us understand the main elements of the interface:
                     Micro:bit Simulator: Shows how your code will run on a real micro:bit.


                     Toolbox: Contains all the coding blocks you need for your project.
                     Workspace: Where you drag and connect blocks to make your program.

                     Share: Lets you share your project with others using a link.

                     Download: Sends your code to the micro:bit so it can run.



                  Toolbox

                  The Toolbox in MakeCode contains blocks that you can use to control your micro:bit.
                  Let us explore the different tools:


                            Basic: It has simple  blocks  that  help you  control  what happens  on your

                     micro:bit, like showing numbers, text and images. Let’s understand the basic
                     blocks:




                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 54]]></page><page Index="57"><![CDATA[Name                       Icon                             Description

                     show number                                       Displays a number on the screen.
                                           show number  0


                     show leds                                         Draws a custom image on the screen
                                             show leds
                                                                       using the LEDs.














                     show icon                                         Shows a picture from a set of icons
                                           show icon
                                                                       on the LED screen.

                     show string            show string "Hello!"       Scrolls a message  across the LED
                                                                       display,one letter at a time


                     clear screen                                      Turns off all the lights on the display.
                                            clear screen


                     forever                                           Keeps  repeating  the code  inside  it
                                            forever
                                                                       over and over again.




                     on start                                          Starts  the code  as soon as the
                                            on  start
                                                                       micro:bit is switched on or reset.



                     pause                  pause (ms) 100             Stops  the  program  for a  short  time
                                                                       (measured in milliseconds).


                     show arrow             show arrow  North          Displays an arrow on the LED screen
                                                                       to point in different directions.



                         Input: It lets you use buttons and sensors to control the micro:bit.


                         Music: It lets you play sounds and tunes.


                          Led: Control the lights on your micro:bit's screen.




                                                                                       Meet the Micro:Bit
                                                                                                                    55]]></page><page Index="58"><![CDATA[Radio: Send messages wirelessly to other micro:bits.

                      Loops: Repeat a set of actions again and again.


                      Logic: The Logic tool helps you make decisions in your program, like if something
                     happens, do this. It is like giving your micro:bit choices to make.


                      Variables: Store and change information during the program.

                          Math: It lets you do simple calculations, like adding or subtracting numbers,

                     in your program.
                           Extensions: The Extension  tool  lets  you  add  extra blocks,  like  connecting

                     motors or sensors to your micro:bit.

                     f(x) Functions: Functions are like shortcuts. You can group a set of actions together

                     and give them a name to use later.

                      1 2  Arrays: Arrays help you store many pieces of information in one place, like a list
                     3
                     of numbers or names.

                           Text: The Text tool lets you display words and messages on the micro:bit
                     screen.


                     +      Game: The Game tool helps you create fun games. You can use it to make
                     the micro:bit show scores, play sounds.


                          Images: The Image tool lets you create pictures that can be shown on the
                     micro:bit LED screen.


                          Pins: The Pins tool helps you use the pins on the micro:bit to connect to sensors
                     or motors.


                            Serial: The Serial  tool  lets  you  send information from the  micro:bit  to  a
                     computer or other devices. You can use it for debugging or sharing data.


                          Control: The Control tool lets you manage how your program runs. It helps
                     you stop, pause or repeat actions at the right times.


                        Ask AIRO

                       How to use the micro:bit’s sensors to make the robot react to changes in the environment,
                       like light or temperature?






                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 56]]></page><page Index="59"><![CDATA[If you use a micro:bit-powered robot in a game, who
                                                is responsible if the robot causes damage or doesn't
                                                                function as expected?





                 BUILD YOUR FIRST MICRO:BIT PROGRAM


                 Let us create a program to display the name on the screen.  Follow the steps given
                 below to create the program:


                 STEP - 1   Open the micro:bit.

                 STEP - 2   Click on the New Project.

                 STEP - 3   Give your project a name.


                 STEP - 4   Click on the Create.























                 STEP - 5   From the Basic toolbox, select the show string block.


                 STEP - 6   Drag the show string block and place it into the on start block.
























                                                                                       Meet the Micro:Bit
                                                                                                                    57]]></page><page Index="60"><![CDATA[STEP - 7     Click inside the show string block and type your name, for example:
                                Anu.



                                                             on   start

                                                              show string "Anu"





                  When you click on the start the simulation                 button, your name will appear on
                  the screen.















































                                                         CHALLENGE CHAIN

                    Open the micro:bit and complete the following:

                    1.  Create a program to display + on the micro:bit’s screen
                    2.  Create a program to display number 1 on the micro:bit’s screen.

                    3.  Create a program to display + on the micro:bit’s screen by using show leds block.







                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 58]]></page><page Index="61"><![CDATA[ECOTECH       Robots are helping to clean the oceans by removing plastic waste, making the
                  ENERGY        planet healthier.










                   «   A micro:bit is a small, pocket sized, easy to use minicomputer.
                   «   It  has a  5x5  Light  Emitting  Diode  (LEDs) display,  two  programmable
                       buttons, and sensors that detect movement.

                   «   The front of the micro:bit contains all the user input and output components.
                   «   The back of the micro:bit helps the device function and interact with its surroundings.

                   «   Microsoft MakeCode is a free tool that helps you to create projects with your micro:bit.
                   «   The Micro:bit interface is the screen where you create your code. It helps you build, test,
                       and download your programs easily.

                   «   The Toolbox in MakeCode contains blocks that you can use to control your micro:bit.

                   «   The Extension tool lets you add extra blocks, like connecting motors or sensors to your
                       micro:bit.













                                                           rOBO cHECK


                 A.  Tick ( ) the correct option.

                    1.  Identify from the following which describes a micro:bit.

                               (i)  A large computer

                               (ii)  A small, pocket-sized minicomputer

                               (iii)  A type of smartphone


                               (iv)  A camera
                    2.  Choose the button which is used to control the project.


                               (i)  5×5 LED Display                      (ii)  Programmable Buttons

                               (iii)  Touch-Sensitive Logo               (iv)  USB Connector




                                                                                       Meet the Micro:Bit
                                                                                                                    59]]></page><page Index="62"><![CDATA[3.  Which of the following acts as the brain of the micro:bit?

                                (i)  Microphone                            (ii)  Battery Socket

                                (iii)  Processor                           (iv)  Speaker

                     4.  Mark the area where you drag and connect blocks to make your program.

                                (i)  Toolbox                               (ii)  Workspace

                                (iii)  Share                               (iv)  Download

                     5.  Choose the block which displays a number on the screen.

                                (i)  show number                           (ii)  show leds


                                (iii)  show icon                           (iv)  show string

                  B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.

                     1.  The Logic tool helps you make decisions in your program.


                     2.  Functions are like shortcuts.


                     3.  Arrays do not help you store many pieces of information in one place.

                     4.  The Serial tool allows you to send information from the micro:bit to a computer.

                     5.  The Pins tool lets you manage how your program runs.


                  C.  Fill in the blanks using the given hints:

                     1.  A micro:bit has a                  Light Emitting Diode (LED) display.           Hints

                     2.  The                  Connector Pins connect the micro:bit to other                Input
                         devices.                                                                       MakeCode
                                                                                                           Edge
                     3.  Microsoft                  is a free tool that helps you to create                5×5
                         projects with your micro:bit.
                                                                                                          Basic
                     4.  The                  has simple blocks that help you control what
                         happens on your micro:bit.

                     5.  The                  lets you use buttons and sensors to control the micro:bit.


                  COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS


                  1.  Avina is programming a micro:bit to display her name on the LED screen. Which block
                     should she use to display the text?

                  2.  Neha is programming a micro:bit to display a number on the screen when a button is
                     pressed. Which block should she use to display the number?

                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 60]]></page><page Index="63"><![CDATA[Write a program using the micro:bit to display your name. Use the show
                                                                                                   on  start
                 string  block, and  for each  string,  display  one  letter  of  your  name,  one
                                                                                                     show string  "A"
                 at a time.
                                                                                                     show string  "V"
                                                                                                     show string  "A"











                 Goal



                 Setup







                 Observation






















                            With skills in programming and robotics, you can become a Robotics Engineer, designing

                            robots that help in industries like healthcare, agriculture and space exploration.



















                                                                                       Meet the Micro:Bit
                                                                                                                    61]]></page><page Index="64"><![CDATA[maker mission


                                                        Light Me Up Paper Bot

                  Create a paper robot with a functioning LED by using a simple DIY paper switch. The LED will light
                  up when the circuit is completed by pressing a part of the paper bot.
                  Materials Required:
                     Paper (for the robot body and limbs)               Foil strip (to create the conductive paths)

                     LED (to light up the robot)                        Coin battery (for power)
                     Tape (to hold everything in place)

                  Follow the steps given below to light up your paper robot:

                   STEP - 1   Cut the paper into the shape of the robot body.







                                                STEP - 2    Attach copper or foil strips vertically down the robot’s
                                                             chest to represent the conductive path.






                   STEP - 3   Attach an LED circuit to the paper at the location where
                                 you want the robot's 'heart' to light up.





                                                STEP - 4   Create a paper switch on the robot's body, ensuring it
                                                             touches the battery when pressed to complete contact
                                                             with the strips.





                   STEP - 5   Press the paper switch to light up the LED.























                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 62]]></page><page Index="65"><![CDATA[6












                                                                                              Playing with


                                                                                Lights and Buttons






                 LEARNING OBJECTIVES


                   Introduction to LEDs
                   Making Patterns and Shapes
                   Using Button A and Button B




                            Hey AIRO! What are the lights on

                            the micro:bit?


                                                    The lights on the micro:bit are LEDs, which you

                                                    can program to display messages or patterns.




                            What about the buttons on the
                            micro:bit?



                                           The buttons are used to control the micro:bit. You can

                                                  press them to show different things on the LEDs.





                            Can I use them in my project?




                                                                     Yes! You can make hearts, faces

                                                                            and even moving patterns.








                                                                             Playing with Lights and Buttons
                                                                                                                    63]]></page><page Index="66"><![CDATA[The micro:bit is a tool that allows you to explore the world of technology in a fun and
                  interactive way. With its built-in LED display and buttons, you can create a variety of

                  projects, from showing images to making simple animations and controlling actions.



                  INTRODUCTION TO LEDS

                  LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) are small electronic lights that glow when current flows
                  through them. On the micro:bit, these LEDs are arranged in a grid format. This allows

                  you to show different pictures, words or even fun patterns by turning the lights on
                  or off in different places.



                  The micro:bit’s LED Display

                  The micro:bit has a grid made up of 25 tiny LED lights. These lights are arranged in
                  5 rows and 5 columns, so it looks like a grid of squares.







































                  How LEDs Work on the micro:bit

                  The LEDs on the micro:bit light up when you run a program. Each LED can be turned

                  ON or OFF using code. When several LEDs light up together, they form patterns,
                  shapes, letters or images on the display.







                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 64]]></page><page Index="67"><![CDATA[You can easily control these lights using MakeCode blocks such as:


                         Name                       Icon                             Description
                   show icon                                          Displays  ready-made  symbols  like
                                          show icon
                                                                      hearts or smiley faces.


                   show string           show string "Hello!"         Scrolls a message or word across the
                                                                      screen.


                   show number                                        Shows any number on display.
                                          show number  0




                   show leds                                          Designs your own shapes or patterns
                                          show leds
                                                                      by turning specific LEDs ON or OFF..


















                      Ask AIRO


                      How can I make the micro:bit’s LEDs show a custom shape using the “show leds” block?




                 Why Are LEDs Important?

                 The LEDs on the micro:bit are very important
                 because they provide quick and clear visual                   SMART            LEDs use less

                 feedback,  making  it easier  to  understand                  SPARK        power compared to
                 what is happening in a program. This makes                                   traditional bulbs.

                 it  more fun  and easier  to  understand  how
                 coding works.

                 For example, if you wanted to show your name on the micro:bit, the LEDs would
                 light up in a pattern that looks like the letters of your name.








                                                                             Playing with Lights and Buttons
                                                                                                                    65]]></page><page Index="68"><![CDATA[MAKING PATTERNS AND SHAPES

                  The micro:bit can display different patterns and shapes by turning specific LEDs

                  ON or OFF. Using the show leds block in micro:bit, you can design pictures such as
                  arrows, hearts or letters by lighting up LEDs in chosen spots.

                  Below are some examples of shapes you can create using the show leds block:

                    Shape Name             MakeCode Block                 Description                 Output
                   Heart                                             It  displays  a  heart
                                         on  start
                                                                     shape.
                                           show leds
















                   Arrow                                             It displays a right-
                                         on  start
                                                                     positing arrow,
                                           show leds
                                                                     often used for
                                                                     direction.













                   Square                                            It displays a
                                         on  start
                                                                     box-shaped
                                           show leds
                                                                     outline.





















                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 66]]></page><page Index="69"><![CDATA[Letter A                                           It displays the letter
                                        on  start
                                                                    “A”.
                                          show leds
















                 Smiley Face                                        It displays a happy
                                        on  start
                                                                    face pattern.
                                          show leds





















                 USING BUTTON A AND BUTTON B


                 The micro:bit has two buttons, labelled A and B, on its front. These buttons allow you
                 to interact with your programs, enabling you to control actions, change settings or

                 trigger events.














                              Button A                                                          Button B













                                                                             Playing with Lights and Buttons
                                                                                                                    67]]></page><page Index="70"><![CDATA[Other ways to use these buttons include:

                     User Input: Buttons act as input devices that allow you to control the program,
                     such as starting a timer with Button A or stopping it with Button B.

                     Triggering  Events: Each button  can trigger a specific  action,  like showing a

                     message with Button A or clearing the screen with Button B.

                     Controlling Programs: Buttons can move between steps or select options, for

                     example, pressing Button A for Yes and Button B for No in a quiz.
                     Counting and Tracking: The micro:bit can count how many times each button

                     is  pressed,  helping  you  create  a  counter that  increases  every  time  Button  A

                     is pressed.

                     Games and Fun Projects: Buttons make games interactive, such as using Button
                     A to move a player left and Button B to move right.

                     Custom Actions: Both buttons can be pressed together to perform a new task,

                     like displaying a special message or resetting the program.


                                                         CHALLENGE CHAIN

                    Open the micro:bit and complete the following:
                    Level 1: Show a happy face with Button A.

                    Level 2: Show a sad face with Button B.

                    Level 3: Show a heart when both buttons are pressed.






                                       A student created a game using the micro:bit where pressing Button A
                                      moves a character left, but it moves slowly. What can the student adjust
                                                         in the program to increase the speed?




                  Press Button to Show a Smiley


                  In this activity, you will learn how to display a smiley face on the micro:bit when a
                  button is pressed. You will use the button to trigger the smiley icon, which will help
                  you practice controlling inputs and outputs on the micro:bit.









                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 68]]></page><page Index="71"><![CDATA[To display a smiley face, follow the given steps:

                  STEP - 1    Open the web browser and type https://makecode.microbit.
                              org/ in the address bar or scan the QR code.





















                  STEP - 2   Click on the New Project button to start a new project.



























                  STEP - 3    Type a name for your project and click the Create button.



























                                                                             Playing with Lights and Buttons
                                                                                                                    69]]></page><page Index="72"><![CDATA[STEP - 4    Drag  the  on  button  A pressed block  from the  Input block  category.
                               Choose  the desired  button  for  displaying the smiley  face from the

                               drop-down menu. For example, select button A.
























                   STEP - 5    Drag  the  show  icon block  from the  Basic block  category  into  the
                               on button  A pressed block.  Then, choose  the  smiles  icon  from  the
                               drop-down menu.
























                   STEP - 6    Press Button A on the micro:bit and a smiley face will appear on the
                               screen.























                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 70]]></page><page Index="73"><![CDATA[VIRTUAL TO REAL




                 The above virtual task can also be carried out using physical hardware components.

                 Let's perform the same.


                 Materials Required












                  micro:bit Controller                USB Cable                              Computer



                 Steps Walkthrough

                 You can also create this activity in real life by following these steps to display a smiley
                 face on your micro:bit. First, open your web browser and go to https://makecode.
                 microbit.org/. Start a new project, name it and click Create.

                 Next, drag the "on button  A pressed"  block  from the Input category  and select

                 Button A. Then, drag the show icon block from the Basic category and choose the
                 smiley face icon.

                 Finally, connect your micro:bit controller to the computer and download the code.



                 Final Output

                 You willl see the same output on your micro:bit as in the editor, with the smiley face
                 appearing when Button A is pressed.
























                                                                             Playing with Lights and Buttons
                                                                                                                    71]]></page><page Index="74"><![CDATA[Create Simple Animations using the LED Matrix on the Micro:bit

                  In this project, you will create an animation of a shape that will be displayed on the
                  micro:bit's LED matrix.

                  You will use basic programming blocks to create a simple pattern animation.

                  To create an animation, follow the given steps:


                   STEP - 1    Open the web browser and type https://makecode.microbit.
                               org/ in the address bar or scan the QR code.

























                   STEP - 2   Click on the New Project button to start a new project.










































                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 72]]></page><page Index="75"><![CDATA[STEP - 3    Type a name for your project and click the Create button.











































                  STEP - 4    Drag the forever block from the Basic category on the workspace.









































                                                                             Playing with Lights and Buttons
                                                                                                                    73]]></page><page Index="76"><![CDATA[STEP - 5    Drag the show icon block from the Basic block category into the forever
                               block and choose the pattern icon from the drop-down menu.









































                   STEP - 6    Drag  the  pause (ms) block  and place  it  below the  show  icon  block.
                               Then, change the value from 100 to 500.







































                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 74]]></page><page Index="77"><![CDATA[STEP - 7    Drag the show icon block again and choose a different pattern from
                              the drop-down menu. Place it below the pause (ms) block.









































                  STEP - 8    Click on the Start the simulation            button.


                 You can also view your animation in fullscreen. To do so, click on the Launch in
                 fullscreen button.






















                 You will see a animation displayed on the micro:bit's LED matrix. The shape will

                 appear and disappear as part of the animation.







                                                                             Playing with Lights and Buttons
                                                                                                                    75]]></page><page Index="78"><![CDATA[Download the Code

                  You can also download your code as a file.

                  To download your code, follow the given steps:

                   STEP - 1    Click on the Download button to save the file to your computer.


































                   STEP - 2    Choose the Next option, then select the Download as File option.



































                  Your file will start downloading. The file extension for a micro:bit file is .hex.




                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 76]]></page><page Index="79"><![CDATA[ECOTECH        The micro:bit can measure temperature and humidity levels, aiding in climate
                 ENERGY         monitoring. It helps track environmental conditions and weather patterns.









                   «   The micro:bit is a tool that allows you to explore the world of technology
                       in a fun and interactive way.


                   «   LEDs (Light  Emitting  Diodes)  are  small  electronic  lights  that  glow when current  flows
                       through them.

                   «   The micro:bit has a grid made up of 25 tiny LED lights.

                   «   Each of the 25 tiny lights can either be on (bright) or off (dark).
                   «   On the micro:bit, these LEDs are arranged in a grid format.

                   «   The micro:bit can display different patterns  and shapes  by  turning specific  LEDs  ON
                       or OFF.

                   «   The micro:bit has two buttons labeled A and B on its front.











                                                           rOBO cHECK


                 A.  Tick ( ) the correct option.

                    1.  Identify the total number of LEDs present on the micro:bit display.

                               (i)  15                                   (ii)  20

                               (iii)  25                                 (iv)  30

                    2.  Spot the block used in MakeCode to design your own shapes or patterns on the
                        micro:bit.

                               (i)  show number                          (ii)  show string


                               (iii)  show icon                          (iv)  show leds

                    3.  Mark the button that displays a happy face when pressed on the micro:bit.

                               (i)  Button A                             (ii)  Button B

                               (iii)  Both buttons together              (iv)  Reset button




                                                                             Playing with Lights and Buttons
                                                                                                                    77]]></page><page Index="80"><![CDATA[4.  Spot how the LEDs on the micro:bit are arranged.

                                (i)  4 rows and 4 columns                  (ii)  5 rows and 5 columns

                                (iii)  6 rows and 5 columns                (iv)  10 rows and 10 columns

                     5.  Identify why LEDs are important in the micro:bit.

                                (i)  Store data                            (ii)  Add brightness

                                (iii)  Show code output                    (iv)  Control movement


                  B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.

                     1.  Arrow displays a heart shape to show love.


                     2.  Square forms a box-shaped outline.

                     3.   By turning certain lights on and off, you can make pictures, words and even
                         animations.


                     4.  Show string shows any number on display.


                     5.   The LEDs on the micro:bit are very important because they help us see what
                         our code is doing


                  C.  Fill in the blanks using the given hints:
                     1.  Each of the                   tiny lights can either be on (bright) or           Hints
                         off (dark).                                                                      Front
                                                                                                            25
                     2.  Buttons act as                  that allow you to control the program.        Input devices

                     3.  The micro:bit has two buttons labeled A and B on its                    .         LED
                                                                                                          Lights
                     4.  When you use the micro:bit, you can tell it which                      to
                         turn on or off.

                     5.  One of the coolest things about the micro:bit is its                     display.



                  COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS


                  1.  Aarav created a project using a micro:bit where pressing Button A shows a happy face
                     and pressing Button B shows a sad face. What does this activity help him understand
                     about the micro:bit?

                  2.  When Riya used the show leds block in MakeCode to design a heart pattern on the
                     micro:bit, she noticed that the LEDs turned on and off to form shapes. What concept is
                     Riya exploring through this activity?


                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 78]]></page><page Index="81"><![CDATA[Write a program to display your name on the micro:bit, one letter at a time, using the show string

                 block. You will control the program with Button A and Button B to display each letter.







                 Goal




                 Setup







                 Observation






















                             Electronics Engineer: An Electronics Engineer designs systems with microcontrollers
                             like the micro:bit, focusing on circuits, sensors and automation.





























                                                                             Playing with Lights and Buttons
                                                                                                                    79]]></page><page Index="82"><![CDATA[maker mission


                                                       Cardboard Robotic Arm

                  Let us make a simple robotic hand using cardboard and a few basic materials.
                  Materials Required:
                     A piece of cardboard                Pencil

                     Scissors                            Ruler
                     Fevicol                             5 plastic straws
                     Some string or wool

                  Follow the steps given below to build your Cardboard Robotic Arm:



                   STEP - 1   Place your hand on a piece of cardboard and

                                 draw  around it  using a pencil. Cut  out  the
                                 cardboard hand.






                                                        STEP - 2   Draw lines on the fingers to show the joints and
                                                                           gently fold them.







                   STEP - 3    Cut plastic straws into small pieces and stick
                                 them on each finger of the cardboard hand.







                                                         STEP - 4     Cut  a  cardboard  strip  and  stick  it  at  the
                                                                       bottom  of the  hand. Tie threads  to  the  tips
                                                                       of each finger, pass them through the straw
                                                                       pieces  and tie  the  ends into  loops.  Pull the
                                                                       threads to bend the fingers like a real hand.

















                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 80]]></page><page Index="83"><![CDATA[MY SMART ROBOT FRIEND


                                                                   Design and create a smart robot friend that
                                                                   can  respond  to  button presses  and  display
                          CAPSTONE PROJECT                         different  messages  or emotions  using  the
                                                                   micro:bit.





                 Session 1: Meet and Imagine Your Robot Friend

                 Activity: Robot Design and Purpose

                 Task: Think of a robot that could be your friend and help you with something, such as
                 cheering you up or reminding you to drink water.

                 Draw your robot and give it a name and purpose, e.g. “HappyBot – Reminds me to smile!”

                 Skills Practiced:

                    Creativity

                    Connecting robots to everyday life

                    Labelling robot parts
                 Outcome for Session 1:

                 A labelled drawing of the robot, including its name and role.


                 Session 2: Plan Your Robot's Brain

                 Activity: Simple Robot Instructions

                 Task:  Write 3–4  simple  steps  (pseudocode)  showing how your  robot  reacts  to  button
                 presses, e.g.:

                 1.  When Button A is pressed - Show a smile

                 2.  When Button B is pressed - Scroll “Hello!”
                 3.  When A+B are pressed - Show a heart

                 Skills Practiced:

                    Writing simple algorithms

                    Step-by-step thinking

                    Relating inputs to outputs




                                                                                         Capstone Project
                                                                                                                    81]]></page><page Index="84"><![CDATA[Outcome for Session 2:

                  A clear plan (pseudocode) written in the notebook.

                  Session 3: Bring Your Robot to Life with Micro:bit


                  Activity: Block Coding – Lights and Buttons
                  Task: Use MakeCode to program your robot friend on the micro:bit:

                     Use on start block to display a welcome message

                     Use button inputs to change the robot's face or message

                     Add optional animation using a forever loop

                  Skills Practiced:

                     Block-based coding

                     Using input/output commands

                     Debugging and testing
                  Outcome for Session 3: A working micro:bit program with different robot reactions.


                  Final Deliverables

                  Tick ( ) the box when submitted:

                     Robot drawing and description


                     Pseudocode written in notebook

                     micro:bit program file

































                                 AI RoboGenius - III
                 82]]></page><page Index="85"><![CDATA[components list



                                                               A sensor helps the robot  understand  what is
                                                               happening around it. It can detect things such
                                                               as  light,  sound  or movement.  The robot  uses
                                                               sensors to make decisions, like when to stop or
                                                               turn.
                                   Sensor

                                 micro:bit                     The micro:bit is a small computer that controls

                                                               the robot. It is used to make the robot move,
                                                               display  lights or even produce  sounds.  The
                                                               micro:bit acts as the brain of the robot, helping
                                                               it follow instructions.

                     (Front Side)               (Back Side)


                                                               A Light Emitting  Diode  (LED)  is  a small light
                                                               that can be used in the robot. It lights up when
                                                               electricity  flows  through  it.  LEDs  can  indicate
                                                               when the  robot  is  working  or send  signals  to
                                                               help the robot communicate.
                       Light Emitting Diode (LED)

                                                               A microphone helps the robot hear sounds. It

                                                               picks  up  noises  such as voices  or claps.  The
                                                               robot can use the microphone to understand
                                                               sounds and respond accordingly.



                                Microphone

                                                               The processor acts as the brain of the robot. It

                                                               helps the robot think and make decisions. The
                                                               processor  takes  in instructions  and tells the
                                                               robot what to do next.





                                 Processor









                                                                                         Components List
                                                                                                                    83]]></page><page Index="86"><![CDATA[young innovators




                                                                 Riya Karumanchi

                                                                 Riya     Karumanchi,       a    Canadian
                                                                 innovator, designed  the  SmartCane,
                                                                 an enhanced white cane for  the visually
                                                                 impaired.  The  device is equipped  with
                                                                 ultrasonic  sensors  to  detect  obstacles

                                                                 from knee to  head level,  GPS for  haptic
                                                                 (vibration-based)  navigation  and provides
                                                                 audio feedback. Karumanchi is also working
                                                                 on future  versions  that  will incorporate
                                                                 computer vision  technology for object and
                                                                 face  recognition.  Her company  received
                                                                 initial funding from major investors, including
                     Microsoft and Arrow Electronics and has been supported by organisations like the
                     Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB).




                     Akash Gupta and Samay Kohli

                     Akash Gupta and Samay Kohli
                     co-founded  GreyOrange, a
                     successful     global     robotics
                     company  specializing  in AI-

                     driven warehouse automation.
                     The firm  provides  solutions,
                     most  notably  the  "Butler"
                     (Ranger  GTP) and "Sorter"
                     (Ranger Mobile Sorter) robots,
                     which are  used  globally  by
                     major       e-commerce        and
                     logistics  firms to  streamline
                     operations.  Their  innovations

                     have made GreyOrange a leader in supply chain robotics, valued at over $1.7 billion.






                                 AI RoboGenius - III
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                 84]]></page></pages></Search>
