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           Shaping Young Minds Through Artificial Intelligence & Robotics




                                                              |
                                                  Content   Team Orange]]></page><page Index="4"><![CDATA[Published by:
                      Orange Education (An Imprint of Orange House Pvt Ltd)
                      9, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002
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                      Published and Distributed by Orange House Pvt Ltd




                            Preface


                      In today’s rapidly changing world, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics are transforming the way we live, learn and connect. As
                      the need for future-ready skills continues to grow, it is vital to equip students with the knowledge and tools required to excel
                      in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM).
                      AI RoboGenius offers an engaging learning journey that combines the fascinating worlds of Artificial Intelligence, robotics and
                      STEM education. Designed to spark curiosity and creativity in young learners, the series blends hands-on exploration, critical
                      thinking and real-world problem-solving to nurture innovation and logical reasoning.
                      The projects in AI RoboGenius can be carried out through both online simulations and physical kits, giving students the
                      flexibility to learn in digital or hands-on environments. Whether coding, designing or building, learners develop a strong
                      understanding of STEM and AI concepts while applying them in practical, meaningful ways. The series focuses on experiential
                      learning, ensuring that students not only grasp theoretical knowledge but also learn to use it effectively in real-life situations.
                      Aligned  with international  educational  standards,  AI  RoboGenius supports  the development  of essential  skills such as
                      analytical thinking, computational reasoning and creative problem-solving. By the end of the series, students will gain the
                      confidence to innovate, design intelligently and transform their ideas into tangible outcomes.
                      We welcome constructive suggestions to help enhance AI RoboGenius further and make the learning experience even more
                      inspiring and impactful.
                                                                                                                 —Author]]></page><page Index="5"><![CDATA[TRULY ALIGNED WITH THE 9 PRINCIPLES OF NCFSE-2023


                       The books follow the principles of curriculum, values and discipline while promoting inclusion
                        and using real-life contexts. They use clear language, creative pedagogy and technology to
                     make learning joyful. The presentation is engaging, supporting every child’s meaningful learning.

                                                      st
                                                    21  CENTURY SKILLS

                      Learning Skills (4Cs)            Literacy Skills (IMT)           Life Skills (FLIPS)

                            Critical Thinking                 Information Literacy           Flexibility
                            Creativity                       Media Literacy                   Leadership & Responsibility
                            Communication                     Technology Literacy            Initiative
                            Collaboration                                                     Productivity & Accountability
                                                                                             Social Interaction










                                                      DIGITAL RESOURCES


                 FLIPBOOK


















                                                                                        DIGITAL SIMULATIONS]]></page><page Index="6"><![CDATA[ABOUT THE SERIES




                                                        Learning Resources




                                Ask AIRO


                              Engages with curiosity-based
                              questions and explores insightful
                              answers.

                                                                                    Smart Spark

                                                                                  Discovers short and amazing facts
                                                                                  that spark curiosity and inspire
                                                                                  deeper learning.

                                Ethics Edge

                              Focuses on understanding, practising
                              and applying ethical values and
                              responsible behaviour in robotics.

                                                                                    Challenge Chain

                                                                                  Tackles step-up challenges that
                                                                                  introduce exciting twists and build
                                                                                  problem-solving skills.

                                Ecotech Energy

                              Explores how robots contribute to
                              environmental sustainability through
                              innovation and smart solutions.

                                                                                     Career Climb

                                                                                  Learns about diverse career paths
                                                                                  and how individuals shape and
                                                                                  grow their careers in robotics.
                                 Bot Bits


                              Revisits key points of the chapter
                              through a brief summary for easy
                              recall and understanding.]]></page><page Index="7"><![CDATA[Assessment Resources




                                                                                           Robo Check


                                                                             Reinforces understanding and
                                                                           improves recall of key concepts
                                                                                 through focused practice.

                                     Visual Vault

                      Enhances observation and visual
                  interpretation skills through engaging
                       and thought-provoking visuals.

                                                                          Competency-Based Questions

                                                                                 Builds the ability to apply
                                                                            knowledge effectively and think
                                                                           critically in real-world contexts.

                                      Case Study

                    Builds understanding of real-world
                        applications and highlights the
                       industry relevance of concepts.

                                                                                    Capstone Project

                                                                       Encourages meaningful connections
                                                                          between learning and real-world
                                                                             problem-solving experiences.

                                  Maker Mission

                     Fosters creativity, innovation and
                   hands-on application skills through
                     engaging and practical activities.
                                                                                       Innovation Lab


                                                                        Revises concepts through practical
                                                                               lab activities to understand
                                                                                     and build confidence.]]></page><page Index="8"><![CDATA[CONTENTS





                       1.     AI IN POPULAR APPS                                                                 7
                                 Siri                                        Meta AI
                                  Google Assistant                            Alexa


                                 Practo                                      Google Maps
                                 Swiggy                                      YouTube
                                 Netflix



                       2.     AI INDUSTRY 5.0: SMART ROBOTS                                                     19
                                 Introduction to AI Industry 5.0            Need for AI Industry 5.0

                                Basic Components of Robots                  Future Possibilities



                       3.     INTRODUCTION TO ROBOTICS AND AI                                                  26
                                Robotics                                    Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI)

                                Robotics and AI Together                    AI Enhancing Robotics



                       4.     EXPLORING REAL VS SIMULATED COMPONENTS                                           36
                                Robotics Components                         Hardware Components
                                Virtual Components                          Simulation Benefits and Limitations



                       5.     MICRO:BIT AND THE WORLD AROUND US                                                45

                                Input and Output Components                 Using Pins for Connections
                                Buzzer                                      Create Your Own Melody
                                Simple Digital Thermometer



                       6.     CREATIVE PROJECTS WITH MICRO:BIT                                                 66
                                Micro:bit in Real-life                        Step Counter (Pedometer)
                                Rock–Paper–Scissors                           Smile-o-Meter (using Buttons & LEDs)




                              CAPSTONE PROJECT                                                                 85


                              COMPONENTS LIST                                                                  87



                              YOUNG INNOVATORS                                                                 88]]></page><page Index="9"><![CDATA[1
















                                                                                  AI in Popular Apps






                 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

                    Siri                                              Meta AI
                     Google Assistant                                  Alexa
                     Practo                                           Google Maps
                    Swiggy                                            YouTube
                    Netflix

                            Hi AIRO! AI is such a wonderful technology.
                            I am so excited to learn more about it.



                                                    Very good, AVINA! This kind of curiosity is very

                                                    important when you want to learn new things.




                            Thank you, AIRO! But, I really
                            wish AI to be easily accessible.



                                                                                    What do you mean?







                            I mean, AI is an advanced technology, so I don’t
                            think it is easily available to common people.



                                                          No, AVINA! AI is far more accessible than

                                                            you think. Let me tell you more about it.








                                                                                       AI in Popular Apps
                                                                                                                    7]]></page><page Index="10"><![CDATA[We have studied in the previous chapters how AI and its domains are changing
                  our lives with the development of smart devices and AI-enabled machines. The

                  future of AI is where the machine will teach themselves. Deep learning techniques
                  will provide machine to perform high-level thoughts, image recognition, etc. This
                  exciting technology has enormous range of applications that is revolutionising the

                  world around us.



                  SIRI

                  Siri is one of the most popular voice assistants. This voice assistant was released for

                  iOS in February 2010 and it was acquired by Apple two months later. Siri was then
                  integrated into iPhone 4S at its release in October 2011. Siri can be activated on an
                  iPhone by saying 'Hey Siri'.








































                  META AI


                  Meta AI is an AI-powered assistant developed by Meta (formerly Facebook), available
                  on platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Messenger, WhatsApp and the web. It

                  enhances social connections by helping users make plans, start conversations and
                  offer recommendations.






                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                  8]]></page><page Index="11"><![CDATA[GOOGLE ASSISTANT


                 It is an AI-enabled virtual assistant developed by Google. It is primarily available on
                 mobile and smart home devices such as smartphones, smartspeakers, etc.





































                 ALEXA


                 Alexa is an Amazon product. It is also an AI-powered virtual assistant. It was first
                 used in Amazon Echo and Amazon Dot smart speakers. Now, it is available for

                 other platforms like Android, iOS, etc.





                                                                                       AI in Popular Apps
                                                                                                                    9]]></page><page Index="12"><![CDATA[PRACTO


                  It is a mobile app for healthcare. It uses artificial intelligence to help patients with
                  minor aches, pains and illnesses. The app uses machine learning to analyse clinical
                  and claims data to find the gap in a patient’s healthcare treatment.




































                  GOOGLE MAPS

                  Google Maps provide useful directions and real-time traffic information to millions

                  of users. It is a web mapping or online mapping platform.



                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 10]]></page><page Index="13"><![CDATA[SWIGGY


                 Swiggy was founded in the year 2014. It is operating in 100 different cities in the
                 country. Swiggy has been using AI to improve its orders and delivery.

































                 YOUTUBE

                 YouTube is the abode for the whole modern world holding stories, memories, activities
                 and data of an entire globe of audience, being both their source of entertainment

                 and motivation. Billions of users log in on the YouTube platform in a month.




                                                                                       AI in Popular Apps
                                                                                                                    11]]></page><page Index="14"><![CDATA[YouTube uses AI to remove fake news and offensive contents and also recommends
                  videos based on your previous search history.


































                  NETFLIX

                  This is very commonly known app worldwide. It is a home to numerous movies and

                  web series at a nominal charge. It uses AI to understand the user's preferences and
                  suggests content according to the users' liking.








































                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 12]]></page><page Index="15"><![CDATA[21 st
                                                                                           Century   #Technology Literacy
                                                                                            Skills

                                   GAME           01         Handwriting with a Neural Net


                    Every person has a different style of writing. This game predicts the writing style of a person
                    based on how they write. To play the game, follow these steps:

                     STEP - 1   Visit: https://experiments.withgoogle.com/handwriting-with-a-
                                  neural-net or scan the QR code.


                     STEP - 2   Click on the Launch Experiment button to start the game.





























                     STEP - 3   As you keep writing, you will notice an orange line predicting the

                                  writing pattern.
































                                                                                       AI in Popular Apps
                                                                                                                    13]]></page><page Index="16"><![CDATA[Task                                                        Century   #Information Literacy
                                                                                               21 st
                                                                                              Skills

                     Search on the Internet about any four new AI applications which are not discussed
                     in this chapter. Paste their icons in the space given below and write names.









































                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 14]]></page><page Index="17"><![CDATA[GAME          02                     Animal Mystery


                   Go to your computer lab & do the following:
                   Open web browser and play the game—Animal Mystery. To play the game visit

                   https://www.gamestolearnenglish.com/animal-mystery/ or scan the QR code
                   to play the game.







































































                                                                                       AI in Popular Apps
                                                                                                                    15]]></page><page Index="18"><![CDATA[«   Siri is a voice assistant that was released for iOS in February 2010.
                     «   Meta  AI is  an AI-powered  assistant  developed  by  Meta  (formerly
                         Facebook).

                     «   Google voice assistant is an AI-enabled virtual assistant developed by Google.

                     «   Alexa  is  an AI-powered virtual  assistant  which was first  used  in  Amazon  Echo  and
                         Amazon Dot smart speakers.

                     «   Practo is a mobile app for healthcare that uses artificial intelligence to help patients with
                         minor aches, pains and illnesses.

                     «   Google Maps provide useful directions and real-time traffic information to millions of
                         users.

                     «   Swiggy is a food delivering app that was created in the year 2014.

                     «   YouTube is the abode for the whole modern world holding stories, memories, activities
                         and data of an entire globe of audience, being both their source of entertainment and
                         motivation.

                     «   Netflix is a commonly known app worldwide that is a home to a numerous movies and
                         web series at a nominal charge.











                                                            ROBO CHECK


                  A.  Tick ( ) the correct option.


                     1.  Which keyword is used to invoke Siri?

                                 (i)  Hey Siri                            (ii)  Hello Siri

                                (iii)  Listen Siri                        (iv)  Siri


                     2.  Which of these is an app for healthcare?

                                 (i)  Ebay                                (ii)  Pixlr


                                (iii)  Practo                             (iv)  Google Snapseed









                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 16]]></page><page Index="19"><![CDATA[3.  Which of the following helps the users in navigating directions?

                                (i)  Practo                              (ii)  Google Maps

                               (iii)  Swiggy                             (iv)  None of these


                    4.  When was Swiggy founded?

                                (i)  2014                                (ii)   2015


                               (iii)  2013                               (iv)  2012

                    5.  Which of the following is an Amazon product?

                                (i)  Siri                                (ii)  Alexa


                               (iii)  Netflix                            (iv)  YouTube


                 B.  Fill in the blanks using the given hints:

                    1.   Siri voice assistant was released as an app for iOS in February                 Hints

                                        .                                                                 Siri
                                                                                                         2010
                    2.                  was first used in Amazon Echo and Amazon Dot                     Alexa

                        smart speakers.                                                                  Netflix
                                                                                                        Practo
                    3.                  provides hands-free search options on Android
                        and iOS.


                    4.                  is a health assistant app.


                    5.                  is a home to numerous movies and web series at a nominal charge.


                 C.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.

                    1.  Siri is a voice assistant that was released for iOS.


                    2.  Alexa is a popular virtual assistant.

                    3.  Practo helps students with math and other homework.


                    4.  Swiggy is a food delivering app.










                                                                                       AI in Popular Apps
                                                                                                                    17]]></page><page Index="20"><![CDATA[COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS

                  1.  Kavya asks Alexa to switch on the lights in her room and later requests it to play her

                     favourite  songs while she studies.  Based  on Kavya’s experience,  mention  any two
                     important features of Alexa shown in these situations.

                  2.  Rahul is travelling to a new restaurant he has never visited before. To avoid traffic

                     and reach on time, he opens an app on his phone that shows him the best route and
                     estimated travel time. Which app is Rahul using and what is its main use?





                                   In Life                                                  Century   #Critical Thinking
                                                                                             21 st
                                                                                            Skills

                    We have AI all around us. It makes our life easier by reading our preferences and providing
                    content according to our needs. Can you suggest a way that can make the life of our elders
                    easier?




                                                                                             21 st
                                                                                            Century   #Creativity
                              Lab                                                           Skills



                       Use different tools or apps like Paint 3D, MS Word, etc., of your choice and do the
                       following:
                       1.  Design the layout of an app of your choice.
                       2.  Prepare a report on Facebook  apps-On what topic  most  of the users of
                          Facebook talk.

                       3.   Prepare a short note on the reasons why politicians and actors use X more than
                          other platforms.



























                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 18]]></page><page Index="21"><![CDATA[2











                                                                                         AI Industry 5.0:



                                                                                            Smart Robots






                 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

                    Introduction to AI Industry 5.0
                   Need for AI Industry 5.0
                   Basic Components of Robots
                   Future Possibilities



                            Hey AIRO! Did I tell you that humans and robots
                            work together in my father’s factory?



                                                                         AVINA, that’s one of the best

                                                                       features of the AI Industry 5.0!




                            AI Industry 5.0!
                            What’s that?



                                                            AI Industry 5.0 focuses on human-robot

                                                    collaboration, enhancing the strengths of both.




                            That’s amazing! The future sounds
                            exciting. Tell me more about it.



                                                                                   Come, let’s explore it

                                                                                                 together.








                                                                              AI Industry 5.0: Smart Robots
                                                                                                                    19]]></page><page Index="22"><![CDATA[Robots are used in various fields like healthcare, farming, space exploration, defence
                  and at home. Their ability to automate tasks, analyse data and interact safely with

                  people drives innovation, efficiency and improves quality of life.


                  INTRODUCTION TO AI INDUSTRY 5.0


                  AI Industry 5.0 combines Artificial Intelligence and human skills, unlike Industry

                  4.0, which focused on automation and machines. It promotes teamwork, creativity
                  and sustainability in areas like manufacturing, healthcare, education and transport,
                  with AI helping machines adapt and make real-time decisions.


                  ROBOTS IN AI INDUSTRY 5.0


                  Robots are transforming industries  and daily  tasks  with precision,  speed  and
                  reliability, often outperforming humans in repetitive or dangerous jobs. Here are

                  some key application areas where robots are rapidly growing.


                  Factory Robots

                  In manufacturing, robots automate repetitive tasks
                  like welding, assembly and packing. This lets humans

                  focus on creative  work while robots  handle
                  dangerous processes safely under supervision.



                                                       Home Robots

                                                       Home robots assist with household tasks, providing
                                                       convenience and automation. With advances in AI,

                                                       sensors and connectivity,  they  are now smarter,
                                                       more user-friendly and versatile.




                  Military Robots

                  Military robots assist with surveillance, combat and
                  medical support. Drones track enemies, while armed
                  robots handle high-risk tasks, like MAARS with tear
                  gas and  DOGO  for reconnaissance and armed

                  response.






                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 20]]></page><page Index="23"><![CDATA[Medical Robots

                                                  Robotics improves  healthcare  by  enhancing surgery
                                                  precision,  providing  prosthetics,  aiding  rehabilitation
                                                  and supporting recovery with robotic exoskeletons for

                                                  spinal injuries and mobility issues.


                 Farming Robots

                 Robotics in agriculture boosts productivity by automating
                 tasks like harvesting and weed control.  Ecorobotix, a

                 solar-powered robot, uses precision to spray seeds with
                 fewer chemicals, promoting sustainable farming.

                                                  Delivery Robots

                                                  Delivery robots use GPS, sensors and AI to safely deliver

                                                  food, parcels and medicines in urban areas. Developed
                                                  by companies like Starship Technologies, Amazon Scout
                                                  and Nuro, they save time, reduce costs, are eco-friendly

                                                  and require minimal human interaction.

                 Space Robots

                 Robots are key to space exploration, handling tasks like

                 spacecraft repair and sample collection. NASA’s Mars
                 Rover studies the surface and  sends data, improving
                 safety and scientific progress.


                                                  Fun and Entertainment Robots


                                                  In  entertainment, robots  manage  cameras, create
                                                  effects  and perform stunts,  allowing humans to  focus
                                                  on creativity.  Autonomous  robots  in theme parks  like

                                                  Disney World enhance visitor  experiences  and create
                                                  immersive environments.

                 Travel Robots

                 Travel robots assist with luggage, navigation and support
                 at airports, hotels and tourist spots. Examples like  LG's

                 CLOi and Relay offer directions, multilingual help and real-
                 time assistance for a smoother travel experience.



                                                                              AI Industry 5.0: Smart Robots
                                                                                                                    21]]></page><page Index="24"><![CDATA[NEED FOR AI INDUSTRY 5.0


                  Robots enhance efficiency, accuracy and safety in industries like manufacturing,
                  healthcare,  space,  military  and  agriculture.  They  assist  in  surgeries,  emergency
                  response and disaster recovery, becoming increasingly vital as technology advances.

                  Here are some of them:

                      Robots  increase  efficiency  by  performing tasks  faster  and  more  accurately,
                      boosting productivity in sectors like manufacturing and logistics, while working
                      nonstop without fatigue.


                       They reduce human effort by handling time-consuming, physical tasks, allowing
                      people to focus on creative and decision-making roles, enhancing workplace
                      satisfaction.

                       They improve safety by performing dangerous tasks in hazardous environments,
                      protecting human lives and reducing accidents.

                       They support surgeries, medication delivery and rehabilitation, with systems like
                      da Vinci enhancing healthcare through precision and control.


                       They are used in education to teach programming, problem-solving and STEM
                      concepts. They also boost innovation in research through faster automation and

                      data analysis.
                      Space robots, like rovers and robotic arms, explore planets, repair satellites and

                      conduct experiments, enabling scientists to study unreachable environments.

                       They  enhance  daily  life by  handling household  chores  and  personal  tasks,

                      improving quality of life and allowing focus on more meaningful activities.


                  BASIC COMPONENTS OF ROBOTS


                  Robots are complex machines with key parts that work together to perform tasks.

                  These include sensors for data, controllers for decision-making, actuators for action,
                  effectors like tools  or grippers, communication  systems  and power sources  for

                  energy, ensuring accurate and secure performance.

                        Sensors: Robots use sensors to detect motion, pressure,
                      temperature,  light  and  distance,  providing  data  for
                      decision-making. Common sensors include touch, infrared

                      and ultrasonic.







                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 22]]></page><page Index="25"><![CDATA[Actuators: They convert electrical signals into
                                                       movement, enabling robots to perform tasks. Motors

                                                       and actuators control direction, force and speed.






                       Motors: These are actuators that  generate  motion,

                     driving a robot’s  joints,  wheels  or limbs. Common
                     types include DC, servo and stepper motors, based on

                     precision and power needs.



                                                       Controllers: They process  sensor data  and send
                                                     commands  to  actuators  and  motors,  acting  as  the

                                                     robot’s brain to ensure smooth, precise operations.





                      Ask AIRO

                      If a robot’s sensor had superpowers, could it see in the dark and sense things even before
                      they appear?





                   FUTURE POSSIBILITIES


                 AI Industry 5.0 will combine humans and robots to create personalised products, use

                 eco-friendly methods and enhance safety. It will focus on creativity, sustainability and
                 improving life through advanced technology and teamwork.



                                                                                              21 st
                                                                                             Century   #Technology Literacy
                                                                                              Skills
                                   GAME           01                     Make a Robot


                    Visit the following link OR scan the QR code to play the game:
                    https://www.abcya.com/games/make_a_robot

                      STEP - 1   Click on the Start button.

                     STEP - 2   Click on the Play button.
                     STEP - 3   Now, place the different parts of robots to design a robot of your choice.





                                                                              AI Industry 5.0: Smart Robots
                                                                                                                    23]]></page><page Index="26"><![CDATA[4.   Choose  the  robot  that  supports  patients  recovering  from spinal  injuries  and
                                                                                                                                                   mobility issues.

                     «   Robots  are  used  in  various  fields  like  healthcare,  farming, space
                         exploration, defence and at home.                                                                                                (i)   Ecorobotix                                (ii)   MAARS

                     «   AI Industry 5.0 combines Artificial Intelligence and human skills, unlike Industry 4.0, which                                   (iii)   Relay                                    (iv)   Exoskeletons
                         focused on automation and machines.
                                                                                                                                                5.  Identify the role of a robot’s controller.
                     «   Robots are transforming industries and daily tasks with precision, speed and reliability,
                         often outperforming humans in repetitive or dangerous jobs.                                                                      (i)   Brain                                     (ii)   Arms


                     «   Military robots assist with surveillance, combat and medical support.
                                                                                                                                                         (iii)   Legs                                     (iv)   Body
                     «   Medical robots help in complex surgeries, work as prosthetic limbs, aid rehabilitation and
                         give therapy.                                                                                                      B.  Fill in the blanks using the given hints:

                     «   Robotics in agriculture boosts productivity by automating tasks like harvesting and weed                               1.   In              , robots manage cameras, create effects and perform stunts.
                         control.
                                                                                                                                                2.    Robots  are used in                     to teach  programming,
                     «   Travel robots assist with luggage, navigation and support at airports, hotels and tourist                                                                                                                   Hints
                         spots.                                                                                                                    problem-solving and STEM concepts.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Healthcare
                     «   Robots are complex machines with key parts that work together to perform tasks.                                        3.    Robotics improves                  by enhancing surgery precision,            Military
                                                                                                                                                   providing prosthetics, aiding rehabilitation and supporting recovery.        Entertainment

                                                                                                                                                4.  Common                      include touch, infrared and ultrasonic.            Education
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Sensors
                                                                                                                                                5.                   robots  assist  with surveillance,  combat and

                                                                                                                                                   medical support.
                                                            ROBO CHECK

                                                                                                                                            C.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.
                  A.  Tick ( ) the correct option.
                                                                                                                                                1.  Drones track enemies, while armed robots handle high-risk tasks.
                     1.   Which  of the  following represents  the  main  goal  of Industry  5.0  in terms  of

                         cooperation?                                                                                                           2.   Home robots have become smarter and user-friendly.

                                (i)  Sensors and motors                        (ii)   Automation and productivity                               3.  Mars Rover is used to deliver parcels in urban areas.

                               (iii)   AI and human skills                     (iv)   Machines and nature                                       4.   Actuators convert electrical signals into movement, enabling robots to

                                                                                                                                                   perform tasks.
                     2.   Select the factors on that robots are designed to perform with high levels of.
                                                                                                                                                5.  Robots in theme parks are used only for cleaning.
                                (i)   Electricity and oil                      (ii)   Precision, speed and reliability


                               (iii)   Pressure and temperature                (iv)   Touch and sound                                       COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS

                     3.  Which of the following abilities is not typically found in a travel robot?                                         1.   Imagine your school wants to introduce robots for cleaning classrooms. Based on what
                                                                                                                                                you learnt, which type of robot would be suitable and why?
                                (i)   Directions                               (ii)  Multilingual
                                                                                                                                            2.   Your uncle, a farmer, is struggling due to health issues and your father cannot assist
                               (iii)   Teaching                                (iv)   Real-time support
                                                                                                                                                due to work pressure. Can farming robots help your uncle? How?


                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 24]]></page><page Index="27"><![CDATA[4.   Choose  the  robot  that  supports  patients  recovering  from spinal  injuries  and
                        mobility issues.

                               (i)   Ecorobotix                               (ii)   MAARS


                              (iii)   Relay                                   (iv)   Exoskeletons

                    5.  Identify the role of a robot’s controller.

                               (i)   Brain                                    (ii)   Arms


                              (iii)   Legs                                    (iv)   Body


                 B.  Fill in the blanks using the given hints:
                    1.   In               , robots manage cameras, create effects and perform stunts.


                    2.    Robots  are used in                      to teach  programming,
                        problem-solving and STEM concepts.                                               Hints
                                                                                                       Healthcare
                    3.    Robotics improves                   by enhancing surgery precision,           Military
                        providing prosthetics, aiding rehabilitation and supporting recovery.        Entertainment

                    4.  Common                      include touch, infrared and ultrasonic.            Education
                                                                                                        Sensors
                    5.                   robots  assist  with surveillance,  combat and

                       medical support.


                 C.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.

                    1.  Drones track enemies, while armed robots handle high-risk tasks.

                    2.   Home robots have become smarter and user-friendly.


                    3.  Mars Rover is used to deliver parcels in urban areas.

                    4.   Actuators convert electrical signals into movement, enabling robots to

                        perform tasks.

                    5.  Robots in theme parks are used only for cleaning.



                 COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS

                 1.   Imagine your school wants to introduce robots for cleaning classrooms. Based on what
                    you learnt, which type of robot would be suitable and why?

                 2.   Your uncle, a farmer, is struggling due to health issues and your father cannot assist
                    due to work pressure. Can farming robots help your uncle? How?


                                                                              AI Industry 5.0: Smart Robots
                                                                                                                    25]]></page><page Index="28"><![CDATA[3











                                                                                           Introduction



                                                                                to Robotics and AI






                  LEARNING OBJECTIVES


                     Robotics
                     Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI)
                     Robotics and AI Together
                     AI Enhancing Robotics



                             Wow, AIRO! You can talk, move and
                             answer me! Are you only a robot?



                                                                     I’m more than that, AVINA! I’m a

                                                                       robot with Artificial Intelligence.




                             So, robots can really think
                             like humans?



                                                             Not exactly like humans, but close. With

                                                             AI, robots can see and solve problems!




                             Cool! Can robots help
                             in real life too?



                                                                Of course! Robots clean homes, assist

                                                                           doctors and explore spaces.







                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 26]]></page><page Index="29"><![CDATA[Robotics and AI are transforming the way machines interact with the world.
                 Robotics involves designing machines that can perform tasks, while AI makes

                 these machines intelligent, enabling them to learn and adapt. Together, they allow
                 robots to think, make decisions and perform tasks with greater efficiency and
                 accuracy. This combination is revolutionising industries from healthcare to space

                 exploration.



                 ROBOTICS

                 Robotics  is  the  field  that  uses  technology  to

                 design and build intelligent machines. It brings
                 together  science,  engineering  and computer
                 skills  to  create  robots  capable  of thinking,

                 sensing their surroundings and performing
                 various tasks.

                 The key aspects of robotics include:


                    Designing and building robots: Making a robot is like creating a work of art. It
                     requires creativity, precision and attention to detail. Essential components such
                     as wheels, motors and sensors come together to form a robot that can move

                     and perform tasks.

                    Programming  robots: Once a robot  is built,  it  must  be programmed  to
                     understand its tasks. Programming gives the robot its brain, enabling it to follow
                     specific instructions and carry out desired actions.


                    Operating robots: Once a robot is built and programmed, it can be controlled in
                     different ways, such as with a remote control, buttons or by working on its own.


                 Robot


                 A robot is a smart machine that can do work on its own by
                 following a set of instructions, just like a computer program.
                 Robots are guided by built-in computers or external

                 devices and are mainly used for tasks that
                 are too dangerous, repetitive or difficult for

                 humans. While some robots are designed
                 to resemble humans or animals, but most are
                 designed for functionality rather than appearance.



                                                                             Introduction to Robotics and AI
                                                                                                                    27]]></page><page Index="30"><![CDATA[Applications of Robot

                  Robots are flexible machines that can do all sorts of tasks, from everyday jobs at

                  home to complex jobs in industries.

                  Here are some applications of robots:

                     Homes: Robots are becoming a part of our
                      daily lives, helping with household chores. For

                      example, robots can clean floors, mow the
                      lawn and even assist as personal helpers.




                                                              Factories and  industry: Robots  are used  in
                                                               factories  to  perform repetitive  and precise
                                                               jobs.  For example,  robots  help assemble

                                                               products on production lines and assist with
                                                               packing items.






                     Hospitals and healthcare: Robots are improving
                      patient care and assisting in surgeries. For
                      example, they help in operations, patient

                      recovery and medicine delivery.






                                                               Space exploration: Robots play a crucial role
                                                               in exploring places that are too dangerous or
                                                               far distant for humans.  For example,  Mars

                                                               rovers explore the planet’s surface and robots
                                                               are used to repair satellites in space.






                     Military and rescue: Robots are used in
                      the military to perform high-risk tasks. For
                      example, robots can help defuse bombs and

                      assist in rescue missions.





                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 28]]></page><page Index="31"><![CDATA[Every robot needs three main components: mechanical
                                 SMART         parts, electronic sensors and programming instructions
                                 SPARK
                                                                 to do its job properly.




                 Advantages and Disadvantages of Robots

                 As robots become more integrated into various industries, they bring both benefits

                 and drawbacks. Let’s take a look at the advantages and disadvantages of robots.

                 Advantages

                 Some of the advantages of robots are as follows:

                    Robots complete tasks in less time, improving efficiency and speed.

                    Robots can work nonstop without tiring or needing breaks.

                    Robots perform tasks with high accuracy and precision, reducing mistakes.

                     Although expensive at first, robots save money in the long run by reducing
                     costs.

                    Robots can take on dangerous tasks, keeping humans safe from harm.

                     Robots can be programmed to use resources more efficiently, reducing waste

                     and promoting sustainability in industries.

                 Disadvantages

                 Some of the disadvantages of robots are as follows:

                     Robots may replace human workers, leading to job losses.

                     The initial cost of purchasing and installing robots is high.

                     Robots lack the ability to think creatively or come up with new ideas.

                     Over-reliance on robots can cause problems if the technology fails.

                     Robots require regular maintenance and may experience technical issues.

                     Robots connected to networks can be vulnerable to cyber-attacks, which may
                     compromise sensitive data or disrupt operations.



                                                   Do you think it’s fair to let robots take jobs that
                                                 people need or should humans and robots share the
                                                              work? Explain your answer.




                                                                             Introduction to Robotics and AI
                                                                                                                    29]]></page><page Index="32"><![CDATA[INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)


                  Artificial Intelligence (AI) is what makes robots smarter.
                  It gives them the ability to think, learn and make decisions,

                  much  like  humans  do.  While  traditional  robots  simply
                  follow commands, AI-powered robots can understand
                  their  environment,  adapt  to  new situations  and even

                  solve problems on their own.

                  With  AI, robots  can  work independently,  analyse  data  and
                  make  choices  based on what they’ve  learned, reducing  the  need
                  for  constant human guidance.  Unlike simple  robots,  AI lets machines

                  understand language, recognise patterns and even improve over time by learning
                  from experience.

                  For instance, a simple robot might repeat the same action, like moving its arm

                  or picking up objects, without any change. However, with AI, the robot becomes
                  smarter. It can identify different objects, adjust its behaviour based on changes

                  in its surroundings and even learn new tasks over time. This makes them more
                  intelligent and flexible.


                       Ask AIRO

                       Is AI the only way to make machines smart, or can other technologies also contribute to
                       creating intelligent devices? What are the alternatives?




                  Technologies used in AI

                  To make AI work, robots use special technologies. These technologies help robots

                  become  smarter  and do  more  things  on  their  own. Here are  some  important
                  technologies that help robots learn and think:

                     Machine  learning:  This is a technology  that  allows robots  to  learn from
                      experience. Machine learning helps robots improve over time by analysing data

                      and adjusting their actions based on what they’ve learned.

                       Natural Language Processing (NLP): NLP is a technology that enables robots
                      to understand and communicate with humans. It allows robots to recognise

                      speech, answer questions and even have conversations, just like humans.






                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 30]]></page><page Index="33"><![CDATA[Edge computing: Edge computing lets robots make fast decisions by processing
                     data locally, instead of sending it to a remote server. This allows robots to react

                     quickly to changes in their surroundings, such as when a factory robot has to
                     adjust its movements in real-time.

                    Neural networks: Neural networks are the brain like systems in AI that help

                     robots make decisions. These networks allow robots to mimic how humans think
                     and make choices by analysing large amounts of data.

                    Speech  recognition: This  technology allows robots  to  understand  spoken
                     language. It is used  in smart assistants  like  Siri or Alexa, allowing robots  to

                     respond to voice commands and make decisions based on what they hear.



                 ROBOTICS AND AI TOGETHER

                 Robotics and AI are closely related, but they do

                 different  things. Robotics  focuses  on building
                 machines,  like  robotic  arms or drones, to  do

                 tasks.  These robots  usually follow  instructions
                 that are already programmed into them.

                 AI, on the other hand, is like the brain of the robot.

                 It helps robots think, learn and make decisions.

                 When robots and AI are combined, the result is a
                 smart robot that can see what’s happening around it.


                 Examples of AI in Robotics


                 Some of the examples of AI in robotics are:

                     Self-driving cars: Self-driving cars, like those
                     made by Tesla, use advanced AI to drive
                     without a human behind the wheel. These

                     cars are equipped with cameras, sensors and
                     radar, which allow them to see the road and

                     detect things like pedestrians, other vehicles
                     and traffic signs. Using AI, the car makes
                     decisions on its own, such as when to turn,

                     speed up, slow down or stop.




                                                                             Introduction to Robotics and AI
                                                                                                                    31]]></page><page Index="34"><![CDATA[Voice-activated assistants: AI-powered robots
                                                             like Siri, Alexa and Google Assistant use natural

                                                             language processing to understand and respond
                                                             to our voice commands. These assistants can
                                                             do things like play music, answer questions, set

                                                             reminders or control smart devices around your
                                                             home, all by listening to what you say.

                     Robotic vacuum cleaners: AI-powered robots
                      like the Roomba are smart enough to clean

                      homes  without  needing  much  help.  They  use
                      sensors to map out the room, avoid obstacles

                      like furniture and even return to their charging
                      stations when their battery is low.



                  AI ENHANCING ROBOTICS


                  AI plays a crucial role in making robots smarter, more capable and more adaptable.
                  By adding intelligence to robotics, AI enables robots to learn, make decisions and

                  perform tasks more efficiently. Here’s how AI enhances the abilities of robots:
                     Learning  from  experience: AI helps robots  learn  and get  better  at tasks  by

                      analysing their past experiences.

                     Decision making and problem solving: With AI, robots can make their own
                      decisions. Instead of following simple commands, robots can figure out what to
                      do next based on the situation.


                     Improving vision and sensing: AI enables robots to perceive their surrounding
                      using sensors and cameras, allowing them to recognise objects and avoid obstacles.

                     Thinking  quickly: AI-powered robots  can make  fast decisions  by  processing
                      information quickly, allowing them to act without delay.

                     Working together with people: AI helps robots work safely alongside humans.
                      These robots can assist with jobs that are repetitive, like lifting heavy objects,

                      while adjusting to how people work.



                   ECOTECH       AgriBots are advanced robots used in farming to plant crops, monitor their growth
                   ENERGY        and reduce the use of harmful chemicals, making agriculture more eco-friendly
                                 and efficient.



                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 32]]></page><page Index="35"><![CDATA[«   A robot is a smart machine that can do work on its own by following a set
                        of instructions, just like a computer program.

                    «   Robotics  brings  together  science,  engineering  and computer  skills  to  create  robots
                        capable of thinking, sensing their surroundings and performing various tasks.

                    «   Neural networks are the brain like systems in AI that help robots make decisions.

                    «   AI plays a crucial role in making robots smarter, more capable and more adaptable.
                    «   AI-powered robots can understand their environment, adapt to new situations and even
                        solve problems on their own.








                                                           ROBO CHECK


                 A.  Tick ( ) the correct option.

                    1.   Identify what makes a robot smarter.

                                (i)  Gears                               (ii)  Wheels

                               (iii)   Artificial Intelligence (AI)      (iv)  Cameras


                      2.   Select the AI-powered robot that is smart enough to clean homes without needing
                        much help.

                                (i)  Alexa                               (ii)  Roomba


                               (iii)  Pepper                             (iv)  Siri

                    3.  Choose the correct advantage of using robots.

                                (i)   Need maintenance

                               (ii)  Lack the ability to think


                               (iii)  Cost of purchasing and installing robots is high

                               (iv)  Perform tasks with high accuracy

                    4.  Mark the tool that helps robots understand and talk to humans.

                                (i)  NLP                                 (ii)  Machine Learning


                               (iii)  Neural Networks                    (iv)  Edge Computing



                                                                             Introduction to Robotics and AI
                                                                                                                    33]]></page><page Index="36"><![CDATA[5.   Which of the following helps robots perceive their surrounding and avoid obstacles
                         using AI?

                                (i)  Sensors and cameras                       (ii)  Lights and speakers


                               (iii)  Screens and keyboards                    (iv)  Wheels and gears


                  B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.

                     1.  Robotics brings together science, engineering and computer skills to

                         create robots.

                     2.   Robots complete tasks more slowly, reducing efficiency and speed.

                     3.   Neural networks are the brain like systems in AI that help robots make

                         decisions.

                     4.  With AI, robots can work independently, analyse data and make choices
                         based on what they’ve learned.


                     5.  Once a robot is built, it works automatically without the need for programming.


                  C.  Fill in the blanks using the given hints:

                     1.   A robot is a                that can do work on its own by following
                                                                                                          Hints
                         a set of instructions.
                                                                                                     Natural Language
                     2.                  is the field that uses technology to design and build          Processing
                                                                                                         Military
                         intelligent machines.
                                                                                                      Smart machine
                     3.  Robots are used in the                    to perform high-risk tasks.        Make decisions
                                                                                                         Robotics
                     4.   AI-powered robots  like  Siri, Alexa and Google  Assistant  use

                                         to understand.

                     5.  AI enables robots to learn,                    and perform tasks more efficiently.



                  COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS


                  1.  Mahesh has a vehicle that drives by itself and also detect obstacles on road. What type
                     of vehicle does Mahesh have?

                  2.  Vanya has a smart gadget at home that automatically moves around and cleans her

                     floor without any help. It senses obstacles, changes direction and keeps her room tidy.
                     What type of device is she using?



                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 34]]></page><page Index="37"><![CDATA[In a military base, RoboGuard is a robot designed to assist soldiers by performing dangerous
                    tasks such as bomb disposal, surveillance and patrolling restricted areas. Equipped with
                    wheels, cameras,  sensors and  a  microcontroller,  RoboGuard  is  capable  of  navigating
                    hazardous environments, detecting threats and carrying small packages or equipment.
                    It helps to ensure the safety of soldiers by avoiding obstacles and alerting them to any
                    suspicious activity.


                  Based on the above case, answer the following questions:

                  1.  What type of robot is RoboGuard and what tasks does it perform in a military operation?





                  2.   What equipment is RoboGuard equipped with to navigate hazardous environments and
                      detect threats?











                             CAREER CLIMB
                             After studying robotics and AI, students can pursue careers as Robotics Engineers or
                             AI Specialists, designing and programming intelligent robots.





























                                                                             Introduction to Robotics and AI
                                                                                                                    35]]></page><page Index="38"><![CDATA[4







                                                                                                      Exploring


                                                                                      Real vs Simulated



                                                                                                 Components






                  LEARNING OBJECTIVES


                    Robotics Components
                    Hardware Components
                    Virtual Components
                    Simulation Benefits and Limitations


                             Hi AIRO! You look amazing!
                             How are real robots like you made?



                                                    Thanks, AVINA! Robots are made with physical

                                                   parts like motors and wheels that help us move.




                             That’s so cool! But how do you think and
                             follow commands?



                                                      That’s done by virtual parts, the software and

                                                                programs that help me think and act.




                             Wow! So, physical and virtual parts
                             work together to make robots awesome!



                                            Exactly! Together, they help robots do amazing things.

                                                      Lets explore more about these in the chapter.








                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 36]]></page><page Index="39"><![CDATA[Have you ever played a video game or used a robot toy? Some of the things you
                 see and use are real, while others are made to act like they’re real, these are called

                 simulated components. In this chapter, you’ll learn how both real and simulated
                 components work, where you find them and why they’re both important in technology
                 and innovation.



                 ROBOTICS COMPONENTS


                 Every robot is made up of different parts that
                 help it move, sense and think. These parts are

                 called robotics components. Each component
                 has a special job, some help the robot move
                 and act in the real world, while others help it

                 process information and make decisions inside
                 a computer.

                 Robotics components can be grouped into two main types:

                    n Hardware components: These are the real parts that you can touch and see.

                    n Virtual components: These are the digital parts used on a computer to control
                    the robot.


                 These components work together to help robots function effectively and perform
                 various tasks in both real and virtual environments.



                 HARDWARE COMPONENTS


                 Hardware components are the tangible parts of a robot that enable it to interact
                 with the environment and perform tasks. These visible hardware pieces are made

                 from materials like plastic, metal and wires that form the body and structure of the
                 robot, allowing it to move, sense and function properly.

                 The hardware components of a robot are given
                 below:

                    n Body: The body is the structural framework
                    of the robot  that  holds all  the components

                    together. It provides stability and support to
                    the  motors, sensors and other  parts  of the

                    robot.



                                                                     Exploring Real vs Simulated Components
                                                                                                                    37]]></page><page Index="40"><![CDATA[n Motors: Motors help the robot move. They change
                                                        electrical energy into mechanical energy, making the

                                                        robot's parts, like wheels and arms, move. Different
                                                        types of motors are used, such as DC motors, stepper
                                                        motors and servo motors, depending on what the

                                                        robot needs to do.


                     n Sensors: Sensors allow  robots  to perceive their
                     environment. They detect changes in the surroundings

                     and send this information to the robot's control system.

                     Some common sensors are:
                    l   Light sensor: Detects how bright or dark the surroundings are.

                    l   Temperature  sensor: Measures  the  temperature,  indicating  whether the

                        environment is hot or cold.

                    l   Touch sensor: Senses physical contact, allowing the robot to detect when it is
                        touched or pressed.


                                                     n  Wheels: Wheels help the robot move smoothly from
                                                      one place to another. They spin forward, backward or

                                                      even turn in circles, allowing the  robot  to navigate
                                                      different surfaces.




                     n Controller: The controller is the brain of the robot. It

                     takes  information  from sensors and tells the robot
                     what to do.


                                                     n  Power source: The power source provides the energy
                                                      that keeps the robot functioning. It can be a battery,

                                                      a rechargeable  power pack  or sometimes a direct
                                                      plug-in connection.




                     n End  effectors: These  components  function  like  the

                     robot’s  hands, enabling  it  to  perform tasks  that
                     require  physical  interaction  with  objects,  such as
                     lifting, moving or manipulating them.



                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 38]]></page><page Index="41"><![CDATA[Leonardo da Vinci designed an armored
                                 SMART        mechanical knight in 1495 that could sit up, wave its
                                 SPARK
                                                            arms and move its head.





                 VIRTUAL COMPONENTS

                 Virtual  components  are  the  invisible,  software-based  parts  of  a  robot  that  help

                 it think, make choices and follow instructions. Unlike physical components, they
                 cannot be touched or seen and exist within the robot’s computer or program.

                 The virtual components of a robot are given below:

                    n Control system: The control system acts as the robot’s brain. It processes signals
                    from sensors and sends commands to the robot’s components, enabling it to

                    react to its environment.

                    n Software and programming: The software
                    tells the robot what to do. This includes the
                    algorithms and coding that make the robot

                    carry out  specific  tasks,  such  as  following
                    a line, avoiding  obstacles  or picking  up

                    objects.
                    n Artificial intelligence (AI): AI enables robots

                    to think, learn from experience and make
                    smart choices. It helps them adapt to new situations and perform tasks more

                    efficiently.
                    n Simulation tools: These are virtual platforms used to design, test and improve

                    robots  before building  them. They help predict  how  a robot  will  work  in
                    real-world situations.

                    Communication system: This software helps robots share information. It
                 n
                    allows them to send and receive data, helping them work together with other
                    machines.

                    n Sensors (Virtual): While physical sensors detect the robot’s surroundings, virtual
                    sensors work in the software to help the robot process and interpret data. For

                    example, image processing software can act as a virtual sensor for detecting
                    objects through cameras.




                                                                     Exploring Real vs Simulated Components
                                                                                                                    39]]></page><page Index="42"><![CDATA[Difference Between Hardware and Virtual Components

                  Hardware and virtual components work together to make a robot functional, but

                  they serve different purposes and exist in different forms. Some of the key differences
                  between hardware and virtual components are as follows:


                        Key            Hardware Components                         Virtual Components
                    Difference

                   Nature          Tangible and visible.                   Invisible, software-based.

                   Function        Interact with the physical world  Control actions,  make decisions,

                                   (movement, sensing).                    process data.

                   Change          Hard to change once built.              Easy to edit or update.

                   Testing         Needs real tools and space.             Tested safely through simulations.

                   Example         Motors, wheels, sensors, arms,  Control system, AI, programming,
                                   body, etc.                              simulation tools, etc.



                  SIMULATION BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS


                  Simulation  allows us  to  test  and  design  robots  in  a  virtual  environment  before

                  building them in the real world. While it offers many advantages, there are also
                  some limitations to keep in mind.


                  Benefits of Simulation


                  Simulation offers many benefits that make learning and building robots easier and
                  safer. Some of its major benefits are:

                     n Reduces risk: Simulation lets us test robots safely on a computer, helping us find
                     and fix problems without damaging real parts.

                     n Reduces costs: It helps save money by testing designs virtually, reducing the
                     need for physical prototypes.

                     n Saves time: It speeds up the development process by allowing multiple tests and

                     adjustments in a short amount of time.

                     n Safety: Potential risks can be tested in a virtual environment without putting
                     people or expensive equipment in danger.

                     n Efficient problem solving:  Errors and issues can be identified early, making it
                     easier to fix problems before building the physical robot.


                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 40]]></page><page Index="43"><![CDATA[n Learning and experimentation: Simulation allows engineers and designers to
                    experiment with different designs and scenarios without the need for immediate

                    physical resources.



                                                     A robot has been created and tested only in
                                                 simulation, not in the real world. Is it appropriate to
                                                         launch it without real-world testing?




                      Ask AIRO

                      What if robots could simulate human emotions, would they still be considered robots or
                      would they become something else?




                 Limitations of Simulation


                 Even though simulation is very useful, it has some limitations because it cannot
                 replicate everything a real robot can do. Some of its limitations are:

                    n Reality gap: Simulations cannot fully mimic real-world robot behaviour. Some
                    actions or conditions may not work exactly as they would in real life, leading to

                    differences.
                    n Too complex: Setting up accurate simulations can be difficult and time-consuming.

                    Complex tools and systems may make the process challenging to manage and
                    use effectively.

                    n Missing features: Many simulators lack features like realistic speed or the ability
                    to handle large environments, limiting their effectiveness in certain scenarios.

                    n Different results: Results in simulation don’t always repeat the same way. This

                    makes it tricky to test and fix problems correctly.
                    n Needs a strong computer: Running simulations requires powerful computers

                    with ample memory. Long or large tests can cause the system to slow down or
                    even crash, making it difficult to conduct extensive trials.



                  ECOTECH       Many  old  robot  components,  like  motors  and sensors, can be  reused  in new
                  ENERGY        projects instead of being thrown away.









                                                                     Exploring Real vs Simulated Components
                                                                                                                    41]]></page><page Index="44"><![CDATA[B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.

                                                                                                                                                1.  Light sensors detects how bright or dark the surroundings are.
                     «   Every robot is made up of different parts that help it move, sense and think.
                     «   The body  is the  structural framework of the  robot  that  holds all the                                              2.   The controller is the leg of the robot.
                         components together.
                                                                                                                                                3.   A temperature sensor measures the temperature, indicating whether the
                     «   Wheels help the robot move smoothly from one place to another.
                                                                                                                                                   environment is hot or cold.
                     «   The control system acts as the robot’s brain.
                     «   Simulation allows us to test and design robots in a virtual environment before building                                4.   Simulation does not speeds up the development process.
                         them in the real world.
                                                                                                                                                5.  Results in simulation always repeat in the same way.
                     «   Simulation lets us test robots safely on a computer.
                                                                                                                                                6.   Simulation allows us to test and design robots in a virtual environment

                                                                                                                                                   before building them in the real world.


                                                                                                                                            C.  Fill in the blanks using the given hints:
                                                            ROBO CHECK
                                                                                                                                                1.   The body is the structural                  of the robot that holds
                  A.  Tick ( ) the correct option.                                                                                                 all the components together.                                                     Hints

                     1.   Select the real, touchable parts of a robot.                                                                                                                                                              Digital
                                                                                                                                                2.                  makes the robot intelligent by controlling how it             Simulations
                                 (i)  Virtual Components                  (ii)  Hardware Components
                                                                                                                                                   moves, reacts and adapts to its surroundings.                                      AI
                                (iii)   Simulation Tools                  (iv)   Artificial Intelligence                                                                                                                          Framework
                                                                                                                                                3.                  cannot fully copy real-world robot behaviour.                  Software
                     2.   Spot the part that acts as the robot’s brain.
                                                                                                                                                4.                  enables robots to think, learn from experience and
                                 (i)   Motor                              (ii)   Sensor                                                            make smart choices.

                                (iii)   Control System                    (iv)   Wheel
                                                                                                                                                5.   Virtual components  are the                     parts  used  on a computer  to  control
                     3.  Mark the example of a sensor.
                                                                                                                                                   a robot.
                                 (i)   Battery                            (ii)   Light Sensor

                                (iii)   Motor                             (iv)   Controller                                                 COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS

                     4.  Identify the system that helps robots share information.                                                           1.  Manvi built a robot that can detect objects and follow commands from a computer
                                                                                                                                                program. She places the robot in a room with obstacles. The robot detects and avoid
                                 (i)   Power Source                       (ii)   Control System
                                                                                                                                                objects, adjusting its path as needed. What kind of components is her robot using?
                                (iii)   Communication System              (iv)   End Effector
                                                                                                                                            2.  Amit wants to test his robot on a computer before building it, so he can find and fix
                     5.  Recognise what provides energy to the robot.                                                                           problems safely without any risk of damaging the real components or incurring losses.

                                 (i)   Power Source                       (ii)   Controller                                                     What process is Amit using?


                                (iii)   Sensor                            (iv)   Wheel


                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 42]]></page><page Index="45"><![CDATA[B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.

                    1.  Light sensors detects how bright or dark the surroundings are.

                    2.   The controller is the leg of the robot.


                    3.   A temperature sensor measures the temperature, indicating whether the

                        environment is hot or cold.

                    4.   Simulation does not speeds up the development process.


                    5.  Results in simulation always repeat in the same way.

                    6.   Simulation allows us to test and design robots in a virtual environment

                        before building them in the real world.


                 C.  Fill in the blanks using the given hints:

                    1.   The body is the structural                  of the robot that holds

                        all the components together.                                                     Hints
                                                                                                        Digital
                    2.                  makes the robot intelligent by controlling how it             Simulations

                        moves, reacts and adapts to its surroundings.                                      AI
                                                                                                      Framework
                    3.                  cannot fully copy real-world robot behaviour.                  Software


                    4.                  enables robots to think, learn from experience and
                        make smart choices.



                    5.   Virtual components  are the                      parts  used  on a computer  to  control

                        a robot.


                COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS


                 1.  Manvi built a robot that can detect objects and follow commands from a computer
                    program. She places the robot in a room with obstacles. The robot detects and avoid

                    objects, adjusting its path as needed. What kind of components is her robot using?

                 2.  Amit wants to test his robot on a computer before building it, so he can find and fix

                    problems safely without any risk of damaging the real components or incurring losses.
                    What process is Amit using?






                                                                     Exploring Real vs Simulated Components
                                                                                                                    43]]></page><page Index="46"><![CDATA[Neha, a robotics student, designs a cleaning robot using SimuBot. She creates a virtual
                      robot with wheels, sensors and a power source. During testing, she notices the robot moves
                      too fast and misses dirt spots. Neha adjusts the speed and sensor range in the simulation
                      until the robot works efficiently, covering all areas. By refining the design virtually, she
                      saves materials and gains valuable insights for building the real robot. This case highlights
                      the importance of simulation in robotics, helping students identify and fix issues before
                      using physical components.



                    Based on the above case, answer the following questions:
                    1.  What was the benefit of Neha using SimuBot before building the real robot?



                    2.  What was the issue Neha identified with her robot during the simulation?











                              CAREER CLIMB
                              After  studying  the  robotic  components,  students  can  pursue  careers  in  Robotics
                              Engineering, building and testing robots using real and virtual components.


































                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 44]]></page><page Index="47"><![CDATA[5











                                                                                             Micro:Bit and



                                                                              the World Around Us






                 LEARNING OBJECTIVES


                    Input and Output Components                    Using Pins for Connections
                    Buzzer                                        Create Your Own Melody
                    Simple Digital Thermometer




                            AIRO, how does the Micro:bit know
                            what’s happening around it?



                                                                  That’s easy, AVINA! It uses sensors

                                                                to sense light, sound and movement.




                            That’s cool! But how does it
                            show what it’s sensing?



                                 The Micro:bit has a small LED display that can show numbers,

                                          letters, or even shapes to communicate what it senses.




                            And what about those
                            shiny pins at the bottom?



                                                       Those are Edge Connector pins—they let the

                                                   Micro:bit connect to motors, lights and sensors!








                                                                          Micro:Bit and the World Around Us
                                                                                                                    45]]></page><page Index="48"><![CDATA[Every computer system works by taking input from the user, processing it and then
                  giving an output. The Micro:bit also follows this rule, it has both input and output

                  components that allow it to interact with the environment and users.


                  INPUT AND OUTPUT COMPONENTS


                  The Micro:bit has several built-in input and output components that help it sense

                  and respond to the world around it. The input devices includes buttons and sensors
                  for light, temperature, motion (accelerometer) and direction (compass). The output
                  devices include the LED display, which shows messages and icons and the sound

                  output, which produces tones.

                  The Micro:bit also has the ability to control external devices such as buzzers, LEDs,
                  motors and sensors via its Edge Connector pins and can use radio signals for wireless

                  communication to interact with other devices.

                  Some of the input and output devices are as follows:

                                 Light Sensor     Touch Sensor       Radio       Temperature Sensor





                                                                                                       Microphone
                   LED Display
                                                                                                       Sound Output







                                                              Compass &                Edge Connector
                              Buttons (A and B)              Accelerometer


                     n  Buttons (A and B): The Micro:bit has two programmable input buttons, A and
                     B. These large buttons on the front can be programmed to perform different
                     actions when pressed, allowing the Micro:bit to respond to user inputs, such as

                     displaying a heart on the LED display.

                     n Microphone: It has a built-in microphone sensor. It allows the device to detect
                     sounds from the environment and respond to them, such as clapping your hands

                     to make the Micro:bit display a heart.
                     n  Accelerometer: An accelerometer is a motion sensor in the Micro:bit that detects

                     movement and tilt in different directions. It can sense actions like shaking or freefall.




                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 46]]></page><page Index="49"><![CDATA[For  example,  shaking  the device  can make  a selected  icon  appear  on the
                    LED display.

                    n  Compass: It detects magnetic fields, like the Earth's, allowing it to determine the
                    direction it is facing and measure movement in degrees. This data can be used

                    in a program or sent to another device.

                    n  Touch sensor: The gold Micro:bit logo can be used as a touch-sensitive input,
                    allowing the Micro:bit to respond when it is touched. For example, touch the logo
                    to display or a smiley face on the LED display.


                    n  Light sensor: A light sensor is an input device that measures light levels. It can
                    read the light levels in the environment, useful for projects like a night-light or
                    solar-powered device.

                    n  Temperature sensor:  It is  an input  device  that  measures  temperature.  The

                    Micro:bit  uses its  processor’s  temperature  to  estimate  the surrounding air
                    temperature and displays the current temperature on the LED display.

                    n  LED display:  The LED display  is an output  device  that  emits  light. It has a
                    5×5 matrix of 25 red LEDs on its front, which forms a small display used to show

                    messages, numbers or symbols.
                    n  Radio: The Micro:bit has a built-in radio with Bluetooth that can send and receive

                    wireless signals. It sends messages as output and receives messages as input,
                    making it both an input and output device.

                    n  Edge connector: The Edge Connector has pins along its bottom edge. These pins

                    can be used as output pins to send electrical signals to other devices and allow
                    you to connect external components and accessories to the Micro:bit, expanding
                    its capabilities beyond the built-in features.

                 n   Sound output: It has a built-in speaker that allows it to play sounds and music

                    without  needing  any  external
                    components.                                     SMART       The Micro:bit is used by students
                                                                                everywhere to learn coding and
                     These input and output devices                 SPARK        problem-solving in a fun way.
                    make  the Micro:bit  a powerful

                    and fun tool for creating interactive projects.


                                              Is it right to use the micro:bit to track someone’s location,
                                             even if it's for their safety? Should people be told if they are
                                                       being tracked? Discuss why or why not.




                                                                          Micro:Bit and the World Around Us
                                                                                                                    47]]></page><page Index="50"><![CDATA[Connecting your Micro:bit and starting with MakeCode

                  Now that you know about the input and output devices, let’s learn how to connect

                  your Micro:bit to a computer and start coding with Microsoft MakeCode. Follow the
                  steps below to get started and set up your workspace:

                    STEP - 1   Visit the link: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/makecode
                                 or scan QR code.




























                   STEP - 2   Click on the Start coding option.











































                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 48]]></page><page Index="51"><![CDATA[STEP - 3   Click on the New Project button.




















                  STEP - 4   Write your project name and click on the Create button.









                                                my_project









                  STEP - 5   Write your code in the workspace by dragging blocks from the block
                               palette.



























                  STEP - 6   Connect the Micro:bit to the USB cable and plug it into the computer or
                               laptop. A new device named MICROBIT will appear.









                                                                          Micro:Bit and the World Around Us
                                                                                                                    49]]></page><page Index="52"><![CDATA[STEP - 7   Click  on  the  Download button and  select  Connect Device option.  A
                                 pop-up window will appear.















                   STEP - 8   Click Next to start connecting your Micro:bit. The Pair your Micro:bit

                                 to your browser window will appear.



















                   STEP - 9   Click on the Pair button, then a permission window will appear.





















                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 50]]></page><page Index="53"><![CDATA[STEP - 10   Select BBC Micro:bit and click on Connect button. The Micro:bit is now
                               connecting to the computer.


















                  STEP - 11   Click on the Download button to upload the code inside the Micro:bit.

                 Now you can run your code directly on the device and explore how it works.

                 If you don’t have a real Micro:bit, you can use the Micro:bit simulator in MakeCode.
                 It behaves like a real Micro:bit allowing you to test your code, observe the output

                 and practice your ideas on the screen.



                 USING PINS FOR CONNECTIONS

                 The Micro:bit has gold strips along its bottom edge, called pins, which are used to

                 connect it to external components such as motors, sensors, buzzers and additional
                 LEDs. These pins allow the Micro:bit to send and receive signals and even provide

                 power to other devices. There are 25 pins on the edge connector, each designed
                 for different purposes. These connections make the Micro:bit more powerful and
                 versatile, allowing students to create real-world projects.


                 There are two types of pins on the Micro:bit large pins(0, 1, 2, 3V, GND) and small
                 pins (3 to 22).


                 Large Pins (0, 1, 2, 3V, GND)
















                                          Pin-0                                    Pin-GND

                                                     Pin-1        Pin-2   Pin-3V


                                                                          Micro:Bit and the World Around Us
                                                                                                                    51]]></page><page Index="54"><![CDATA[These are the big, easy-to-use pins at the bottom of the Micro:bit. You can connect
                  them using jumper wires. The working of these pins are as follows:

                     n Pins 0, 1 and 2 are general-purpose input/output (GPIO) pins. They can act as
                     inputs to detect signals from sensors or buttons and as outputs to control devices
                     such as LEDs, buzzers or motors.

                     n The 3V pin provides power to external devices and can also power the Micro:bit

                     itself if it is not connected to a battery.

                     n The GND pin or ground pin, completes the electrical circuit and is essential when
                     connecting the Micro:bit to other components.


                  Small Pins (3 to 22)


                  The small pins on the Micro:bit, numbered 3 to 22, are used for advanced projects
                  that require more connections than the three large pins provide. Some of these pins

                  are already connected to the LED display and buttons (A and B), so they must be
                  used carefully to avoid interfering with these built-in components.


                        Ask AIRO


                       What happens if we connect an output device to the wrong pin of the micro:bit?






                  BUZZER


                  A  buzzer  is  a  small  electronic  device  that  produces  sound  when powered  by
                  electricity. It is commonly used in alarms, timers and notifications to alert users
                  through beeps or tones.

                  Buzzers  can be  easily  connected  to  microcontrollers  like  the  Micro:bit  to  create

                  sound-based responses, making them useful for interactive projects.


                  Connecting a Buzzer with Micro:bit


                  In this project, you will learn how to connect a buzzer to the Micro:bit and make it
                  produce sound using MakeCode. You will connect the buzzer to the Micro:bit’s pins
                  and program it to play sound continuously. The buzzer acts as an output device,

                  converting the electrical signals from the Micro:bit into sound.






                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 52]]></page><page Index="55"><![CDATA[Connections

                 To connect the buzzer, use the pins at the bottom edge of the Micro:bit:

                    n Connect the positive (+) wire of the buzzer to Pin 0 (Pin-0).

                    n Connect the negative (–) wire of the buzzer to the GND pin.

                 These connections allow the Micro:bit to send signals through the pins that make

                 the buzzer produce sound. Follow the given steps to create the buzzer project:

                   STEP - 1   Visit the link: https://makecode.microbit.org/ or scan the
                               QR code.

                   STEP - 2   Click on the New Project option.

















                  STEP - 3   Type the project name Buzzer in the Create a Project window and click
                               on the Create button.






                                                      Buzzer





                               The Micro:bit editor window will appear.



























                                                                          Micro:Bit and the World Around Us
                                                                                                                    53]]></page><page Index="56"><![CDATA[You will observe that the on start and forever blocks are already present
                                in the workspace.

                    STEP - 4   Drag the play melody block and place it inside the on start block from
                                 the Music category. Choose the melody ringtone from the drop-down
                                 list and set it to looping in background.



                                          on   start


                                            play    melody ringtone     looping in background





                    STEP - 5   Drag the  show icon block  from the  Basic  category  into  the  forever
                                 block. Change the icon to chess board.


                    STEP - 6   Drag the pause (ms) block and place it below the show icon block. Set
                                 the pause to 500 ms.


                                                            forever


                                                              show icon

                                                             pause (ms)  500





                    STEP - 7   Drag the show icon block from the Basic category into the forever block,
                                 placing it below the pause (ms) block. Change the icon to silly.

                    STEP - 8   Drag another pause (ms) block and place it below this show icon block.
                                 Set the pause to 500 ms.



                                                            forever

                                                              show icon

                                                             pause (ms)  500


                                                              show icon

                                                             pause (ms)  500



                                 Your block-based code should now look like this.





                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 54]]></page><page Index="57"><![CDATA[STEP - 9   Click on Start the simulator button to run the program.


                 Output


                 When the program runs,  the
                 Micro:bit plays the ringtone sound
                 continuously  through the  buzzer.

                 At the same time, the LED display
                 keeps changing between two icons
                 every  second.  This  shows  how the

                 Micro:bit can control output devices
                 like  buzzers and LEDs together
                 to  make  interactive  and creative

                 projects.

                 You  can also add  more blocks  to
                 make the ringtone play a set number

                 of times or trigger it when a button is pressed, depending on your preference.


                                                       CHALLENGE CHAIN
                  You are working on a project using a micro:bit and want to add sound to it. You decide
                  to attach a speaker. Which pins will you use to connect the speaker to the micro:bit?
















                                                                          Micro:Bit and the World Around Us
                                                                                                                    55]]></page><page Index="58"><![CDATA[VIRTUAL TO REAL




                  The above virtual task can also be carried out using physical hardware components.
                  Let's perform the same.



                  Materials Required













                    Micro:bit controller         Buzzer                USB cable            Crocodile clip



                  Step Walkthrough

                  You can also create this buzzer project in real life by following these simple steps:
                  Go to https://makecode.microbit.org/ and click New Project. Name it Buzzer and

                  click Create. Drag the play melody block into the on start block and set it to looping
                  in background. Next, drag the  show icon  block into the  forever  block, set it to

                  chessboard and add a pause (ms) block set to 500 ms. Then, add another show
                  icon block set to silly and another pause (ms) block for 500 ms. Once done, click

                  the Download button, connect your Micro:bit to your computer and transfer the file.


                  Final Output


                  You will notice that the Micro:bit continuously
                  plays the ringtone sound through the buzzer.
                  At the same time, the LED display alternates

                  between two icons every second. This activity

                  demonstrates  how the  simulated  and  real
                  outputs are alike.













                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 56]]></page><page Index="59"><![CDATA[VISUAL VAULT
                          Identify  the following  blocks of micro:bit  and  mention  the category  they

                          belong to:


                          1.   play  melody ringtone   looping in background


                              forever
                          2.




                          3.   show icon







                 CREATE YOUR OWN MELODY


                 You can create your own melody in micro:bit. To create your own melody, follow the
                 given steps:

                   STEP - 1   Visit the link: https://makecode.microbit.org/ or scan the
                               QR code.

                   STEP - 2   Click on the New Project option.


















                  STEP - 3   Type the project name Your own Melody in the Create a Project window
                               and click on the Create button.








                                                Your own Melody










                                                                          Micro:Bit and the World Around Us
                                                                                                                    57]]></page><page Index="60"><![CDATA[The Micro:bit editor window will appear.

























                                 You will observe that the on start and forever blocks are already present
                                in the workspace.

                    STEP - 4   Drag the play melody at tempo block and place it inside the on start
                                block.



                                           on  start

                                             play melody         at tempo 120 (bpm)  until done





                    STEP - 5   Click on the melody. A key panel will open.


                                           on  start


                                             play melody         at tempo 120 (bpm)  until done

                                                     Editor  Gallery














                                                  120              Done


                    STEP - 6   Press the notes or keys to create your own music and click on Done
                                button.




                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 58]]></page><page Index="61"><![CDATA[on  start

                                            play melody         at tempo 120 (bpm)  until done


                                                    Editor  Gallery














                                                 120              Done



                               Your block-based code should now look like this.



























                   STEP - 7   Click on Start the simulator button to run the program.

                 Output


                 You will observe that when the program runs, the Micro:bit starts playing the
                 melody, you have created.



                 SIMPLE DIGITAL THERMOMETER


                 A digital  thermometer is  a simple  device  used  to  measure  the  surrounding
                 temperature helping people understand how hot or cold the environment is. Using

                 the Micro:bit’s built-in temperature sensor, it detects temperature changes and
                 shows the reading on its LED display.



                                                                          Micro:Bit and the World Around Us
                                                                                                                    59]]></page><page Index="62"><![CDATA[Make a Simple Digital Thermometer


                  In this activity, you will learn how to create a simple digital thermometer using
                  the Micro:bit’s built-in temperature sensor. The Micro:bit can measure the
                  surrounding temperature and show it on its LED display. This helps you understand

                  how sensors collect information from the environment and display it in a simple,
                  readable form.

                    STEP - 1   Visit the link: https://makecode.microbit.org/ and scan the
                                 QR code.

                    STEP - 2   Click on the New Project option.





















                    STEP - 3   Type the project name Digital Thermometer in the Create a Project
                                 window and click on the Create button.









                                                 Digital Thermometer









                    STEP - 4   Remove on start and forever block from the workplace.

                    STEP - 5   Drag the on button A pressed block from the Input category into the
                                 workspace.



                                                          on  button   A  pressed








                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 60]]></page><page Index="63"><![CDATA[STEP - 6   Drag the show number block from the Basic category and place it inside
                               the on button A pressed block.



                                                         on  button   A  pressed

                                                           show number  0



                                                                                         on  button   A  pressed
                   STEP - 7   Drag the temperature block from the Input
                               category and place it inside the 0 of the show              show number temperature (°C)
                               number block.

                               Your block-based code should now look like this.


























                  STEP - 8   Click on Start the simulator button to run the program.


                 Output

                 When you press Button A on the Micro:bit, the current
                 temperature  appears  on  the  LED display.  As  the

                 temperature around the Micro:bit changes, pressing
                 the button again  shows a different reading, helping
                 you  to  see  how the  sensor  reacts  to  environmental

                 changes.



                  ECOTECH       Micro:bit uses very little electricity and small materials, so it is gentle on the
                  ENERGY        environment. You can reuse it for many projects, which helps reduce waste.









                                                                          Micro:Bit and the World Around Us
                                                                                                                    61]]></page><page Index="64"><![CDATA[4.  Which of the following is an example of an input device on the Micro:bit?

                                                                                                                                                            (i)  LED Display                         (ii)  Radio
                     «   The Micro:bit has several built-in input and output components that help
                         it sense and respond to the world around it.                                                                                     (iii)  Speaker                             (iv)  Button A

                     «   Compass detects magnetic fields, like the Earth's, allowing it to determine the direction it                           5.   Identify the pins that are commonly used for connecting external devices like LEDs
                         is facing and measure movement in degrees.
                                                                                                                                                   or buzzers.
                     «   The Micro:bit has two programmable input buttons, A and B.

                     «   The LED display is an output device that emits light. It has a 5×5 matrix of 25 red LEDs on                                        (i)  Pins 0, 1 and 2                     (ii)  3V Pin
                         its front, which forms a small display used to show messages, numbers or symbols.                                                (iii)  GND Pin                             (iv)  Touch Sensor

                     «   The gold Micro:bit logo can be used as a touch-sensitive input, allowing the Micro:bit to
                         respond when it is touched.                                                                                        B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.

                     «   The Micro:bit has gold strips along its bottom edge, called pins, which are used to connect                            1.   Micro:bit has both input and output components that allow it to interact
                         it to external components such as motors, sensors, buzzers and additional LEDs.
                                                                                                                                                   with the environment and users.
                     «   A buzzer is a small electronic device that produces sound when powered by electricity.
                                                                                                                                                2.  An accelerometer is a motion sensor built inside the Micro:bit.


                                                                                                                                                3.  The LED display has a 5×5 matrix of 25 red LEDs on its front.

                                                                                                                                                4.   A buzzer is a small electronic device that produces sound.


                                                            ROBO CHECK                                                                          5.  The gold Micro:bit logo can be used as a speaker.



                  A.  Tick ( ) the correct option.                                                                                          C.  Fill in the blanks using the given hints:

                     1.    Identify the part of the Micro:bit that is used to display messages, numbers or symbols.                             1.   The Micro:bit  has gold  strips  along its  bottom  edge,  called               Hints
                                                                                                                                                                   .                                                               Bluetooth
                                 (i)  Buttons                             (ii)  LED Display                                                                                                                                          Pins
                                                                                                                                                2.  Micro:bit has a built-in                  sensor.                                 25
                                (iii)  USB Port                           (iv)   Speaker
                                                                                                                                                3.  The LED display is an output device that emits                      .           3V pin
                     2.   Choose the correct sensor that helps the Micro:bit measure temperature.                                                                                                                                    Light
                                                                                                                                                4.   There  are                  pins  on the edge  connector,  each
                                 (i)   Light Sensor                       (ii)  Accelerometer                                                      designed for different purposes.

                                (iii)  Temperature Sensor                 (iv)  Compass                                                         5.   The                provides power to external devices and can also power the Micro:bit.

                     3.  Select the correct statement about the Micro:bit.
                                                                                                                                            COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS
                                 (i)  It is used only for playing games.
                                                                                                                                            1.  Arjun wants  to  build  a mini  weather station  using  the  Micro:bit  that  shows the
                                (ii)  It has the ability to control external devices.                                                           temperature and gives a warning when it gets too hot. Which input and output devices
                                                                                                                                                should he use to make this project work?
                                (iii)  It can take photographs.
                                                                                                                                            2.  Aarav wants to display his name on the Micro:bit when he presses a button. Which
                                (iv)  It is used to make phone calls.
                                                                                                                                                input device should he use to make this happen?


                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 62]]></page><page Index="65"><![CDATA[4.  Which of the following is an example of an input device on the Micro:bit?

                                (i)  LED Display                         (ii)  Radio

                               (iii)  Speaker                            (iv)  Button A


                    5.   Identify the pins that are commonly used for connecting external devices like LEDs
                        or buzzers.

                                (i)  Pins 0, 1 and 2                     (ii)  3V Pin


                               (iii)  GND Pin                            (iv)  Touch Sensor


                 B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.

                    1.   Micro:bit has both input and output components that allow it to interact

                        with the environment and users.

                    2.  An accelerometer is a motion sensor built inside the Micro:bit.


                    3.  The LED display has a 5×5 matrix of 25 red LEDs on its front.

                    4.   A buzzer is a small electronic device that produces sound.


                    5.  The gold Micro:bit logo can be used as a speaker.


                 C.  Fill in the blanks using the given hints:

                    1.   The Micro:bit  has gold  strips  along its  bottom  edge,  called               Hints
                                        .                                                              Bluetooth
                                                                                                          Pins
                    2.  Micro:bit has a built-in                  sensor.                                  25


                    3.  The LED display is an output device that emits                      .            3V pin
                                                                                                         Light
                    4.   There  are                  pins  on the edge  connector,  each
                        designed for different purposes.

                    5.   The                provides power to external devices and can also power the Micro:bit.



                 COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS

                 1.  Arjun wants  to  build  a mini  weather station  using  the  Micro:bit  that  shows the
                    temperature and gives a warning when it gets too hot. Which input and output devices
                    should he use to make this project work?

                 2.  Aarav wants to display his name on the Micro:bit when he presses a button. Which
                    input device should he use to make this happen?


                                                                          Micro:Bit and the World Around Us
                                                                                                                    63]]></page><page Index="66"><![CDATA[INNOVATION LAB

                  Create a  Simple Message Sender  using  the Micro:bit’s radio  feature to send  and  receive
                  messages wirelessly between two Micro:bits?
                  1.  Use the Radio blocks in MakeCode to send and receive text messages.
                  2.  Set both Micro:bits to the same radio group so they can talk to each other.
                  3.  Use the “on button A pressed” block to send a short message like “Hello!”.
                  4.  Use the “on radio received” block to show the received message on the LED display.
                  5.   Test your setup by pressing Button A on one Micro:bit and watching the message appear

                      on the other!

                                                    EXPERIMENT EVIDENCE

                  Goal



                  Setup






                  Observation

















                             CAREER CLIMB

                             After studying Micro:bit, students can pursue careers in Embedded Systems or Software
                             Engineering, designing and programming smart microcontroller-based projects.
























                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 64]]></page><page Index="67"><![CDATA[maker mission


                                                        Micro:bit LED Board

                 In this activity, you will create a cardboard model that demonstrates how LEDs light up to form
                 patterns, just like the real Micro:bit display.
                 Materials Required:

                 n Cardboard           n   25 white paper circles      n  Glue stick

                 n Black marker        n   Ruler                       n  Red colour pen

                 n Scissors

                 Follow the given steps to create a Micro:bit board:




                  STEP - 1   Draw  a  5×5  grid  of squares  on  the cardboard  and  add
                              Buttons A and B on the left and right sides using a black
                              marker.







                                             STEP - 2   Cut 25 small white paper circles.









                  STEP - 3   Paste the white circles neatly in each box to make LEDs.









                                             STEP - 4    Use your red colour pen to colour some white circles to
                                                         create a square shape.





















                                                                                           Maker Mission
                                                                                                                    65]]></page><page Index="68"><![CDATA[6







                                                                                                         Creative


                                                                                                        Projects



                                                                                            with Micro:Bit






                  LEARNING OBJECTIVES


                    Micro:bit in Real-life
                    Step Counter (Pedometer)
                    Rock–Paper–Scissors
                    Smile-o-Meter (using Buttons & LEDs)


                             AIRO, do you know my Micro:bit
                             can count steps?



                                                                      Yes! Its sensor feels every shake,

                                                                                            jump or move!




                             So each time I walk, it really
                             adds one step?



                                                                      Exactly! It even shows your steps

                                                                                                on the LED!




                             That’s awesome! Now I
                             can see how active I am!



                                                                     Great job, AVINA! You’re walking

                                                                                      smart with science!








                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 66]]></page><page Index="69"><![CDATA[Micro:bit  is  a small, pocket-sized  computer  designed  to  teach  students  about
                 programming and electronics. Let’s dive into the world of creative projects with

                 Micro:bit! You’ll explore fun ways to solve real-life problems, from counting steps to
                 playing games, using sensors, buttons and coding.



                 MICRO:BIT IN REAL-LIFE


                 The Micro:bit helps students learn how to solve real-life problems by allowing them
                 to create, test and improve their own ideas. It has built-in sensors, buttons and LEDs
                 that help students design fun and useful projects. By using the Micro:bit, students

                 practice creative thinking, logical reasoning and teamwork, the same skills used by
                 real engineers and inventors.

                 It helps in developing problem-solving skills through the following ways:

                    n Encourages  logical  thinking: When students  use  the  Micro:bit,  they  learn to
                    break big problems into smaller parts and create step-by-step solutions using

                    simple code.

                    n Helps in  testing  and improving  ideas: The Micro:bit  is easy  to use and lets
                    students try out their ideas quickly. If something doesn’t work, they can easily
                    find and fix mistakes in their code.

                    n Gives  real-world  feedback: Students  can see  their code  come  to  life on the
                    Micro:bit. For example, if they make a step counter, they can test it right away to

                    check if it’s counting steps correctly.
                    n Builds teamwork: Many Micro:bit projects are done in groups. Students share

                    ideas, help each other and work together to make their projects better, just like
                    real-world inventors.


                      Ask AIRO


                      What project can I make to help the environment?




                 Real-life uses of Micro:bit

                    n Environmental  projects:  Students  can use  sensors to  make  a mini  weather

                    station or create a smart street light that turns on only when it’s dark or when it
                    detects movement.






                                                                             Creative Projects with Micro:Bit
                                                                                                                    67]]></page><page Index="70"><![CDATA[n Health and wellbeing: Using the motion sensor, students can make a step counter
                     (pedometer) or a happy watch that shows cheerful messages or patterns on the
                     LED display.

                     n Assistive tools: Micro:bit can help people communicate. For example, Button

                     A could show a happy face and Button B a sad face for those who can’t speak
                     easily.

                     n Games and fun tools: Students  can make  a digital  dice,  a timer  or even
                     multiplayer games by connecting two Micro:bits using radio signals.

                     n Safety and security: With its motion sensor, the Micro:bit can be used as a simple
                     alarm that flashes lights or makes a sound when it detects movement.



                  STEP COUNTER (PEDOMETER)


                  A step counter, also called a pedometer, is a simple

                  device used to count the number of steps a person
                  takes while walking or running. It helps people stay
                  active and keep track of their daily movement.

                  A pedometer is a small electronic device that detects
                  motion or movement using a built-in sensor. Each time
                  you take a step, the sensor senses the movement and

                  adds one to the total count. It helps people monitor
                  their physical activity and stay healthy by keeping track of how much they walk

                  each day.


                  How Micro:bit Counts Steps?

                  The Micro:bit  has a built-in  accelerometer  sensor

                  that can detect movement, such as shaking, tilting or
                  walking. When you move while holding the Micro:bit,
                  the accelerometer senses the change in motion and

                  sends that information to the Micro:bit’s program.

                  By using this sensor, you can make a step counter,
                  every  time  the  Micro:bit  detects  movement  like  a

                  step, it adds one to the total count and shows the number on its LED display.








                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 68]]></page><page Index="71"><![CDATA[Building a Step Counter with Micro:bit

                 In this activity, you will create a simple step counter using the Micro:bit’s built-in

                 accelerometer sensor. To create the step counter follow the given steps:

                   STEP - 1   Visit the link: https://makecode.microbit.org/ or scan the
                               QR code.


                   STEP - 2   Click on the New Project button.


















                               The Create a Project window will appear.

                  STEP - 3   Type the project name Step Counter.


                   STEP - 4   Click on Create button.






                                                    Step Counter







                               The micro:bit editor window will appear.



























                                                                             Creative Projects with Micro:Bit
                                                                                                                    69]]></page><page Index="72"><![CDATA[You  will observe  the  on start  block  and  forever block  are already
                                 present in the workplace.


                    STEP - 5   Go to the Variables category and click on Make a Variable.


























                                 A New variable name: window will appear.


                    STEP - 6   Type the name of a variable and click on OK button.















                    STEP - 7   Drag the set steps to 0 block inside the on start                  on  start
                                 block from the Variables category.                                 set  steps  to  0

                                 This sets the step counter to start from zero.


                    STEP - 8   Drag the on shake block into the workspace from the Input category.


                                                             on  shake





                                                                                                on  shake
                    STEP - 9   Drag the change steps by 1 block and place it
                                 inside  the on  shake  block  from the  Variables               change steps  by  1
                                 category.


                                 This will increase the step count by 1 every time you shake the Micro:bit.



                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 70]]></page><page Index="73"><![CDATA[STEP - 10   Drag the show number block and place it below                   on  shake

                               the change steps by 1 block.
                                                                                                change steps  by  1
                  STEP - 11   Drag  the  steps  variable from the  Variables                    show number steps
                               category  and place  it  inside  the  show  number

                               block.

                               This will display the total number of steps counted on the LED display.


                               Your block-based code will look like this.


























                  STEP - 12   Click on the Shake button to run the program.

                 You can also download the code to your Micro:bit by clicking the Download button in

                 MakeCode then connect the Micro:bit to your computer and transfer the file.

                 Output


                 When the program runs, the Micro:bit starts counting steps using its accelerometer
                 sensor. Each time  you  shake  or move  the  Micro:bit,  the  accelerometer  detects

                 the motion and increases the step count by one. The total number of steps is then
                 displayed on the LED display using numbers.




















                                                                             Creative Projects with Micro:Bit
                                                                                                                    71]]></page><page Index="74"><![CDATA[CHALLENGE CHAIN

                    You  are designing  a step  counter  using  the  Micro:bit.  The accelerometer  senses
                    movement, but you notice that the step count is increasing even when you are not
                    walking. What could be causing this issue? Explain.











                  ROCK–PAPER–SCISSORS


                  The Rock–Paper–Scissors is a fun hand game usually played between two people.
                  Each player quickly chooses one of three options,  rock, paper or scissors, at the

                  same time. The rules are simple:
                     n Rock beats scissors

                     n Scissors beat paper

                     n Paper beats rock


                  With the Micro:bit, you can recreate this game digitally. Instead of using your hands,
                  the Micro:bit randomly selects rock, paper or scissors and shows the result on its LED
                  display. The Micro:bit uses its accelerometer sensor in this game. When you shake

                  the Micro:bit, the accelerometer detects the movement and triggers the program to
                  choose a random option. This makes the game interactive and fun, just like playing

                  it in real life.

                                                   If your Micro:bit project collects data from the
                                              environment, what rules should you follow to make sure
                                                           people’s privacy is protected?



                  Create a Rock–Paper–Scissors Game


                  In this activity, you will make a fun Rock–Paper–Scissors game using the Micro:bit.
                  When you shake the Micro:bit, it will randomly show one of the three symbols, rock,
                  paper or scissors, on its LED display. This project helps you learn how to use the

                  accelerometer sensor to detect motion and generate random outputs.

                    STEP - 1   Visit the link: https://makecode.microbit.org/ or scan the
                                 QR code.





                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 72]]></page><page Index="75"><![CDATA[STEP - 2   Click on the New Project button.



















                               A Create a Project window will appear.


                  STEP - 3   Type the project name Rock Paper Scissors.

                   STEP - 4   Click on the Create button.








                                                  Rock Paper Scissors






                  STEP - 5   Remove the on start block and forever block from the                     on  shake

                               workspace.

                  STEP - 6   Drag the on shake block from the Input category in the

                               workspace.

                   STEP - 7   Go to the Variables category and click on Make a Variable button.




























                                                                             Creative Projects with Micro:Bit
                                                                                                                    73]]></page><page Index="76"><![CDATA[STEP - 8   Type the name hand in the New variable name: window.







                                             hand








                    STEP - 9   Drag  the  set hand  to 0  block inside  the  on  shake  block  From the
                                 Variables category.

                                 This creates a variable to store a random value.


                                                          on  shake

                                                            set   hand  to  0




                   STEP - 10   Drag the pick random 0 to 10 block from the Math category and place
                                 it inside the set hand to 0 block and change the range to 0 to 2.



                                                on  shake

                                                 set   hand   to  pick random  0  to  2




                    STEP - 11   Drag the if else block from the Logic category and place it below the on
                                 shake block.


                   STEP - 12   Click the plus (+) icon on the block to add an else if section.


                                                on  shake

                                                 set   hand   to  pick random  0  to  2

                                                        true
                                                  if   true    then

                                                  else if  false  then


                                                  else









                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 74]]></page><page Index="77"><![CDATA[STEP - 13   Drag the 0 = 0 block from the Logic category and place it in the first if

                               condition.

                  STEP - 14   Drag the hand block from the Variables category and drop it in place
                               of the first 0, so it reads if hand = 0.


                                               on  shake

                                                set  hand   to   pick random  0  to  2


                                                 if    hand   =     0    then


                                                 else if  false  then


                                                 else






                  STEP - 15   Drag the 0 = 0 block from the Logic category and place it in the else if

                               condition.

                  STEP - 16   Drag the hand block from the Variables category and drop it in place

                               of the first 0, so it reads else if hand = 1.


                                               on  shake

                                                set  hand   to   pick random  0  to  2

                                                if     hand   =     0    then



                                                else if  hand   =     1   then


                                                else






                  STEP - 17   Add a show icon block from the Basic category in the if hand = 0 section
                               and choose the rock icon.


                  STEP - 18   Add show icon block in the else if hand = 1 section and choose the
                               paper icon.







                                                                             Creative Projects with Micro:Bit
                                                                                                                    75]]></page><page Index="78"><![CDATA[STEP - 19   Add show icon block in the else section and choose the scissors icon.


                                                on  shake

                                                 set  hand    to  pick random  0  to  2


                                                  if    hand   =     0    then

                                                   show icon

                                                  else if  hand  =     1    then

                                                   show icon

                                                  else

                                                   show icon





                                 Your block-based code will look like this.

























                   STEP - 20   Click on the Shake button to run the program.


                                 You  can also download  the code  to  your  Micro:bit  by  clicking  the
                                 Download  button  in MakeCode  then connect  the Micro:bit  to  your

                                 computer and transfer the file.
                  Output


                  When the program runs, shaking the Micro:bit activates its accelerometer
                  sensor, which detects the motion and triggers the code.

                  The Micro:bit then generates a random number, 0, 1 or 2, to decide whether to
                  display rock, paper or scissors.




                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 76]]></page><page Index="79"><![CDATA[If the random number is 0, the Micro:bit displays a rock icon on its LED display,
                    represented by a small square.



















                    n  If the random number is 1, it displays a paper icon on its LED display, represented
                    by a large square.






















                    n If the random number is 2, it displays a scissors icon on its LED display, shown as

                    a scissors shape on the LED display.






















                                                     The Micro:bit makes learning coding and
                                      SMART         electronics exciting because students can
                                      SPARK
                                                   create and test their own ideas in a fun way.




                                                                             Creative Projects with Micro:Bit
                                                                                                                    77]]></page><page Index="80"><![CDATA[SMILE-O-METER (USING BUTTONS & LEDS)


                  The Smile-o-Meter is a fun and creative project made using the Micro:bit. It lets you
                  show emotions like happiness or sadness on the LED display by pressing buttons.
                  This simple activity helps you understand how computers take input and give output,

                  just like how we press buttons on a phone.


                  Creating a Smile-o-Meter with Micro:bit


                  In this activity, you will create a simple Smile-o-Meter using the Micro:bit’s buttons
                  and LED display.  By  pressing the buttons,  you  can show  different emotions  on
                  the LED display, a smiling face or a sad face. To create a smile-o-meter follow the

                  given steps:

                    STEP - 1   Visit the link: https://makecode.microbit.org/ or scan the
                                 QR code.


                    STEP - 2   Click on the New Project button.


















                                 A new Create a Project window will appear.

                    STEP - 3   Type the project name  Smile-o-Meter  and then click on the  Create

                                 button.








                                                Smile-o-Meter








                    STEP - 4   Drag the on button A pressed block from the Input category in the
                                 workspace.



                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 78]]></page><page Index="81"><![CDATA[on  button   A  pressed






                  STEP - 5   Drag the show icon block from the Basic category, in the on button A
                               pressed block.


                  STEP - 6   Click on the drop-down button of show icon block and select a happy face.


                                                         on  button   A  pressed

                                                           show icon




                   STEP - 7   Drag on button A pressed block from the Input category and click the
                               drop-down button and change it to B.


                                                         on  button   B  pressed





                  STEP - 8   Drag show icon block from the Basic category into the on button B

                               pressed block and choose a sad face after clicking on heart icon.


                                                         on  button   B  pressed

                                                           show icon




                               Your block-based code will look like this.





























                                                                             Creative Projects with Micro:Bit
                                                                                                                    79]]></page><page Index="82"><![CDATA[STEP - 9   Click on Start the simulator button to run the program.


                  Output

                  When the program runs, pressing Button A will display a happy face and pressing
                  Button B will display a sad face on the LED display. This shows how the Micro:bit can

                  take input from buttons and give output instantly through its LED display.

























                   ECOTECH       Old batteries from Micro:bit projects can be reused or recycled to reduce
                   ENERGY        waste and save environment.










                     «   Micro:bit has built-in sensors, buttons and LEDs that help students design
                         fun and useful projects.

                     «   The Micro:bit is easy to use and lets students try out their ideas quickly.
                     «   A step counter, also called a pedometer, is a simple device used to count the number of
                         steps a person takes while walking or running.

                     «   The Rock–Paper–Scissors game is a fun hand game usually played between two people.
                     «   The Smile-o-Meter is a fun and creative project made using the Micro:bit.

                     «   A  pedometer  is  a  small electronic  device  that  detects  motion  or movement  using  a
                         built-in sensor.


                     «   Micro:bit is a small, pocket-sized computer designed to teach students about programming
                         and electronics.

                     «   When students use the Micro:bit, they learn to break big problems into smaller parts and
                         create step-by-step solutions using simple code.





                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 80]]></page><page Index="83"><![CDATA[STEP - 9   Click on Start the simulator button to run the program.


 Output                                                    ROBO CHECK

 When the program runs, pressing Button A will display a happy face and pressing   A.  Tick ( ) the correct option.
 Button B will display a sad face on the LED display. This shows how the Micro:bit can      1.   Select the sensor used by the Micro:bit to detect movement in the step counter.

 take input from buttons and give output instantly through its LED display.
                                (i)  Accelerometer sensor                (ii)  Temperature sensor

                               (iii)  Light sensor                       (iv)  Sound sensor


                    2.   Identify a real-life area where students can use the Micro:bit to design useful
                        projects.

                                (i)  Cooking recipes                     (ii)  Environmental projects

                               (iii)  Drawing and colouring              (iv)  Story writing


                    3.   Choose what happens when you shake the Micro:bit in the Rock–Paper–Scissors game.

                                (i)  It turns off automatically

 ECOTECH   Old batteries from Micro:bit projects can be reused or recycled to reduce     (ii)  It shows a happy face
 ENERGY  waste and save environment.
                               (iii)  It randomly shows rock, paper or scissors

                               (iv)  It plays a song

                    4.  Which real-life skill is developed in students when using the Micro:bit for projects?


                                (i)  Singing and dancing

                               (ii)  Drawing pictures

                               (iii)  Memorising facts


                               (iv)  Logical reasoning and teamwork

                    5.   Select from the following options what the Smile-o-Meter using the micro:bit helps
                        you identify.

                                (i)  Drawing on computer


                               (ii)  Input and output

                               (iii)  Measuring temperature

                               (iv)  Counting steps





                                                                             Creative Projects with Micro:Bit
                                                                                                                    81]]></page><page Index="84"><![CDATA[B.  Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false.

                     1.  The Micro:bit is easy to use and helps students test ideas quickly.


                     2.   Students can make a digital dice, a timer or multiplayer games without
                         using radio signals.

                     3.   The Rock–Paper–Scissors is a fun hand game usually played between

                         two people.

                     4.   Each time you take a step, the sensor senses the movement and adds
                         two to the total count.


                     5.  The Micro:bit can be used as a simple alarm that flashes lights.


                     6.  Micro:bit cannot help people communicate.

                     7.   Micro:bit helps students learn how to solve real-life problems.


                     8.  In rock-paper-scissors game, rock beats scissors.


                  C.  Fill in the blanks using the given hints:
                     1.   Micro:bit has built-in sensors, buttons and                     that
                                                                                                          Hints
                         help students design fun and useful projects.
                                                                                                           LEDs
                     2.   By  using the Micro:bit,  students  practice  creative  thinking,               Logical
                                                                                                        reasoning
                                         and teamwork.
                                                                                                          Code
                     3.  Students can see their                   come to life on the Micro:bit.         Groups
                                                                                                        Pedometer
                     4.  Many Micro:bit projects are done in                      .

                     5.   A                 is a small electronic device that detects motion

                         or movement using a built-in sensor.



                    COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS


                  1.  Navya wants to create a project using the Micro:bit to detect movement in a room and
                     trigger an alarm. She needs to set up a system where the movement is detected and
                     an alarm is triggered. What devices should she use to make this project work?


                  2.  Kiran is making a project on the Micro:bit where a number increases by one every time
                     the Micro:bit is shaken. She wants the Micro:bit to count each shake and display the

                     updated number on the screen. Which button should she click to make this happen?


                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 82]]></page><page Index="85"><![CDATA[INNOVATION LAB

                 Create a Digital Dice Roller with the Micro:bit.

                 1.  Use the Radio blocks in MakeCode to send and receive data between two Micro:bits.
                 2.  Set both Micro:bits to the same radio group so they can communicate with each other.

                 3.   Use the on shake block to generate a random number between 1 and 6, simulating the
                    rolling of a dice.

                 4.  Display the random number (1–6) on the LED display of the first Micro:bit.

                 5.   Use the on radio received block on the second Micro:bit to display the result on its LED
                    display as well.
                 6.   Test your setup by shaking the first Micro:bit and see the dice roll result appear on both

                    Micro:bits!

                                                   EXPERIMENT EVIDENCE

                 Goal



                 Setup






                 Observation




















                             CAREER CLIMB
                             After studying  Micro:bit,  students  can pursue careers in Embedded  Systems
                             Development or Software Engineering.














                                                                             Creative Projects with Micro:Bit
                                                                                                                    83]]></page><page Index="86"><![CDATA[maker mission


                                                          A Glowing LED Tree

                  To create a glowing LED tree using wire and LED lights.
                  Materials Required:

                  n Small cardboard box      n Glue or tape     n Soldering iron     n Soldering wire

                  n Copper Wire              n LED              n USB cable          n Switch           n Resistor


                  Follow the given steps to create a glowing LED tree:



                    STEP - 1   Gather the materials.








                                                   STEP - 2    Attach the LEDs to the copper wire by twisting the LED
                                                               leads  around  it  or by  soldering  it  with  the  help of
                                                               soldering iron in the presence of an elder.




                    STEP - 3   Shape the wire into tree branches and position the
                                 LEDs along the branches.





                                                   STEP - 4    Securely attach the tree to the cardboard box base.







                    STEP - 5   Inside the box, make the necessary connections as
                                 shown. Once the circuit is set up, turn ON the switch

                                 to check if all the LEDs light up properly.


                    STEP - 6   After everything is set up and secured, your LED wire tree is ready to be displayed.





                                                 Enjoy the glowing effect and the beautiful tree you’ve created!








                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 84]]></page><page Index="87"><![CDATA[SMART ECO ALARM SYSTEM

                                                                  Design a Smart Eco Alarm System using the
                                                                  micro:bit that senses light and temperature
                                                                  to help save energy. The alarm will flash LEDs

                                                                  or play a sound when the room is too hot or

                          CAPSTONE PROJECT                        too  bright,  encouraging  eco-friendly  actions
                                                                  like turning off lights or fans.







                 Session 1: Understanding Sensors and Planning

                 Activities:

                 1.  Learn about Input and Output Devices
                       Task: Research how the micro:bit uses light and temperature sensors as inputs and

                     the LED display or buzzer as outputs. Identify real-life uses such as alarms, weather
                     monitors or automatic lights and create a report.

                     Skills Practiced:  Understanding  sensor-based  input/output  and  environmental
                     awareness.
                 2.  Design Your Idea on Paper

                     Task: Draw a simple layout of the Smart Eco Alarm System showing the micro:bit,
                     sensor areas and outputs. Label input and output connections such as Pin 0, GND
                     and 3V.

                     Skills Practiced: Circuit representation and logical design planning.
                 Outcome for Session 1

                 A hand-drawn plan illustrating how the Smart Eco Alarm System works.

                 Session 2: Coding the Smart Eco Alarm in MakeCode
                 Activities:


                 1.  Create the Light and Temperature Alarm Code
                       Task: Open Microsoft MakeCode and create a new project named Smart Eco Alarm.
                     Use the light and temperature sensor blocks to detect changes in brightness and heat.
                     When light > 150, display a sun icon; when temperature > 30 °C, display a fire icon;

                     when both are high, play a short melody.
                     Skills Practiced: Conditional programming, sensor input handling and output control
                     using LEDs and sound.






                                                                                         Capstone Project
                                                                                                                    85]]></page><page Index="88"><![CDATA[2.  Refine the Program
                        Task: Run the  code  on  a  real micro:bit or in  the  simulator.  Adjust  the  light  and

                      temperature values until the alarm works correctly in different conditions.
                      Skills Practiced: Debugging, logical testing and iterative improvement.

                  Outcome for Session 2

                  A working MakeCode program that senses light and temperature and responds with icons

                  or sound alerts.


                  Session 3: Testing and Enhancement

                  Activities:

                  1.  Observe and Record Results

                      Task: Test the Smart Eco Alarm in different environments—bright light, low light, warm

                      and cool. Record what icons or sounds appear under each condition.

                      Skills Practiced: Observation, data recording and analytical thinking.

                  2.  Enhance the Project

                      Task: Add extra features such as using Button A to show temperature, Button B to
                      show light level or sending a Too Hot message to another micro:bit using radio blocks.

                      Skills Practiced: Creative extension, multitasking logic and use of buttons and radio
                      communication.

                  Outcome for Session 3

                  A tested and improved Smart Eco Alarm project that can display readings, send alerts

                  and promote energy awareness.


                  Final Deliverables

                  Tick ( ) the box if submitted:

                  A report on in-buit micro:bit sensors.

                      A hand-drawn plan showing how the Smart Eco Alarm System works.
                     n
                        A working MakeCode program that senses light and temperature and
                     n
                      responds with icons or sound alerts.

                      Recorded observations of how the alarm reacts in different conditions.
                     n
                        An enhanced version of the Smart Eco Alarm using buttons or radio
                     n
                      communication.



                                 AI RoboGenius - V
                 86]]></page><page Index="89"><![CDATA[components list



                                               A buzzer is an electronic component used to produce sound.
                                               It is commonly used in alarms, notifications and simple sound
                                               effects in projects.



                          Buzzers


                                               LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) are small, energy-efficient light
                                               sources  that emit  light when  an electrical  current passes
                                               through them. They are widely used in displays, indicators

                                               and decorations.

                            LEDs


                                               Motors convert electrical energy into mechanical movement.
                                               They are used in various applications such as fans, vehicles
                                               and robots.



                           Motors


                                               A  speaker  converts  electrical  signals  into  sound  waves. It
                                               is commonly used in music players, computers and public
                                               announcement systems.




                          Speakers

                                               Buttons  are mechanical or electronic  switches  that  open
                                               or close  a  circuit.  They  are  used  in  devices  like  phones,

                                               computers and household appliances for user input.


                       Push Buttons

                                               Sensors detect physical changes, such as light, temperature
                                               or motion and convert them into signals that can be processed

                                               by devices. They are integral to automation and robotics.


                          Sensors




                                                                                         Components List
                                                                                                                    87]]></page><page Index="90"><![CDATA[young innovators




                                                             Arsh Shah Dilbagi

                                                             Arsh Shah Dilbagi (born 1998) is an Indian
                                                             inventor  and roboticist.  One of his major

                                                             innovations  is  TALK, a device  that  converts
                                                             breath  into speech—designed  for people
                                                             with speech  impairments.  He also  created a
                                                             quadruped robot named CLUMSY with 16 servo

                                                             motors.  Arsh's work has earned recognition
                                                             and  awards, highlighting  his  ability  to  merge
                                                             technology and empathy to address real-world
                                                             challenges. His work demonstrates how robotics

                     and embedded systems can enable accessibility solutions and empower people
                     with disabilities.


                     Aditya Pingale

                     Aditya Pingale,  a teenager  from

                     rural  Maharashtra, developed
                     a robot  called  KrushiBot:  a low
                     cost,  mobile controlled machine
                     designed to help farmers reduce

                     the  physical strain  of pesticide
                     spraying.  KrushiBot  is  designed
                     for  pesticide spraying  and uses
                     mobile  control (via  a phone).

                     It runs on a rechargeable battery and is built largely from scrap or repurposed
                     parts. The idea came from watching the physical strain that his uncle and other
                     farmers in his village face — especially carrying heavy pesticide tanks across fields.
                     His innovation shows how robotics can be applied in agriculture, tackling real life

                     challenges in farming rather than lab settings.








                                 AI RoboGenius - V
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