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STEP - 5 Setting project boundaries: Clearly outline the scope of the project, specifying what
will and will not be addressed within the AI solution.

4Ws Problem Canvas in AI Project Cycle

In the Problem Scoping stage of the AI Project Cycle, the 4Ws Problem Canvas is a helpful
tool used to break down and understand the problem step by step. It focuses on four essential

questions—Who, What, Where and Why—to clearly define the problem and its impact.

Who What Where Why

Who?

This section helps identify the stakeholders—the people who are directly or indirectly affected by

the problem. Understanding who faces the problem allows us to design an AI solution that truly
meets their needs.

Who are the stakeholders?
What do we know about them?

What?

Here, we define the exact problem. This includes describing its nature and backing it up with

evidence, such as reports, media coverage or survey data.
What is the problem?

How do we know it’s a problem?

Where?

This part focuses on the context and location where the problem occurs. It explores the
environment or situation in which stakeholders experience the issue.

What is the context or situation in which the problem appears?

Where is the problem happening?

Why?

Finally, we explore the purpose of solving the problem. This section outlines how the
solution will benefit the stakeholders and improve their condition, thus giving meaning to
the project.

Why is the solution valuable for the stakeholders?

How will it improve their lives or address the issue effectively?
By filling out the 4Ws Canvas, we create a strong foundation for the AI project, ensuring that

every next stage—data collection, modelling and deployment—is aligned with real-world needs
and goals.

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