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2. What do W and H represent in 5W and 1H?
Ans. WHO (stakeholders)
WHAT (issue, problem, need)
WHEN (time)
WHERE (location/situation)
WHY (reason)
HOW (solution will solve/improve problem)
3. What is an Empathy Map? How does it help?
Ans. An Empathy Map is a collaborative visualisation used to clarify our understanding of a specific type of user.
It helps:
To create a common understanding of user needs.
It helps in decision-making.
It also helps in deepen understanding and gaining insight into user behaviour.
4. What is SDG Goal 10?
Ans. Reduced Inequalities: Income inequalities are on the rise despite all efforts from the countries and their respective
governments. The gap between the richest and poorest countries is increasing systematically. According to world
economic forum, the richest countries(10%) hold 76% of the entire world wealth whereas the poorest countries
only have a share of 2% of the entire wealth.
5. What is problem decomposition?
Ans. Complex problems cannot be solved in one go. So, we try to simplify the complex problem to analyse it. This is
known as Problem Decomposition. Here, we break down a complex problem into a series of small, more manageable
problems.
B. Long answer type questions.
1. What does four quadrants in the Empathy Map imply?
Ans. The traditional Empathy Map is divided into 4 quadrants (Says, Thinks, Does, and Feels), with the user or person in
the middle. Empathy Maps provide an overview of the user as a whole and are not sequential.
The Says quadrant contains what the user says aloud in an interview.
The Thinks quadrant contains what the user is thinking about his/her experience.
The Does quadrant depicts the actions of the user.
The Feels quadrant denotes the user’s emotional state, often represented as an adjective along with a short
sentence for context.
2. Elaborate the five different stages of design thinking.
Ans. The five different stages of design thinking are given below:
Empathise: In the first stage, designers observe consumers to gain a deeper understanding of how they interact
with or are affected by the product or problem. Observations must be made with empathy, that is, without
making any judgements or conveying any preconceived notions about consumer needs. Empathy observation
is powerful because it can uncover issues the consumers didn’t even know they had or that they could not
verbalise. From this point on, it is easier to understand human needs.
Define: In the second stage, you collect the observations from the first stage to define the problem to be
solved. Think about the difficulties your consumers may face, the problems they face again and again, and what
you have learned from how they were affected by the problems. Once you have summarised your results, you
can define the problem statement.
Ideate: The next step is to gather ideas to solve the problem you identified. These brainstorming sessions
can be conducted in a small group, and your team can meet in an office area that encourages creativity and
collaboration, an innovation laboratory, or the team members can work alone. The important thing is to
generate many different ideas. At the end of this process, you will have some ideas to move forward.
Introduction to Capstone Project 269

