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Natural Language Processing
NLP is a field of computer science and AI that focuses on training machines to understand and process human
languages in both written and spoken forms, just like humans do. An NLP-trained model aims to "understand" the
content of documents, including slang, sarcasm, inner meanings, and contextual definitions of the language used. The
best examples of NLP are Google Assistant, Microsoft’s Cortana, Amazon’s Alexa, and Apple’s Siri.
Here are some examples of how NLP enriches your life, without you noticing it:
• Autocomplete recommends the next word.
• In the Google search field, predictive typing suggests the next/remaining words in the sentence.
• Spell checks eliminate misspellings, errors, and spellings that are stylistically inappropriate.
• Grammar checkers ensure that you use proper punctuation and warn you if you use the incorrect article or
proposition. For example, Grammarly.
• Converts spoken language into written text.
• Companies use NLP to perform sentiment analysis to gauge public opinion on social media.
NLP consists of Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Natural Language Generation (NLG).
Syntactic parsing
Semantic analysis
Natural Language
Natural Language Processing Named entity recognition
Understanding
Sentiment analysis
Text planning
Natural Language Date-to-text transformation
Generation
Surface realisation
Let us understand what these terms mean:
• Natural Language Understanding (NLU): NLU is a subfield of NLP that focuses on comprehending the meaning
of human language. It involves analysing text and speech to extract information, intent, and sentiment. NLU helps
computers understand what the language actually means. Imagine finding a specific book in the library that provides
deep insights into a topic. For instance, NLU is used in spam filters to determine whether an email is legitimate or spam.
• Natural Language Generation (NLG): NLG is another subfield of NLP, but instead of understanding, it focuses on
generating human language. It takes structured data as input and converts it into coherent and readable text or
speech. Think of NLG as writing a new book based on the information collected from the library. A real-life example
of NLG is automatic report generation, where software creates financial reports based on data from spreadsheets.
Computer Vision
Computer Vision is like giving computers the ability to see and understand the world through digital images and
videos, similar to how humans use their eyes to perceive their surroundings. In this domain, computers analyse visual
information from images and videos to recognise objects, understand scenes, and make decisions based on what
they "see".
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