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6.  List two benefits of AI.
                     Ans.  Two benefits of AI are as follows:
                           •  Increased efficiency and productivity: AI automates tasks, analyses data rapidly, and optimises processes,
                              boosting efficiency and productivity across various industries.
                           •   Improved decision-making: AI processes vast amounts of data and uncovers patterns that humans might
                              miss, aiding in data-driven decision-making and potentially leading to better outcomes.
                       7.  What is NLU?
                     Ans.  Natural Language Understanding (NLU) is a subfield of NLP that focuses on comprehending the meaning of human
                          language. It involves analysing text and speech to extract information, intent, and sentiment. NLU helps computers
                          understand what the language actually means.
                       8.  Explain reinforcement learning. Name its algorithms also.
                     Ans.  Reinforcement learning is a machine learning approach where an agent learns to make decisions by interacting
                          with an environment to maximise cumulative rewards. The agent uses trial and error, receiving feedback as rewards
                          or penalties, to develop a strategy for optimal actions. It’s applied in scenarios like gaming, robotics, financial
                          management, and autonomous driving. Examples of reinforcement learning algorithms include Q-learning, Deep
                          Q-Networks (DQN), policy gradients, and actor-critic methods.
                       9.  What is semi-structured data? Give an example of semi-structured data.
                     Ans.  Semi-structured  data  falls  somewhere  between  structured  and  unstructured  data.  While  not  as  organised  as
                          structured data, it is easier to handle than unstructured data. Semi-structured data uses metadata to identify certain
                          characteristics and organise data into fields, allowing for some level of organisation and analysis. An example of
                          semi-structured data is an email.
                      10.   Name the 3 types of AI. Which one are we currently using? Which category does Ultron (character from the movie
                          Avengers: Age of Ultron) belong to?
                     Ans.  Three types of AI include, Artificial Narrow Intelligence, Artificial General Intelligence and Artificial Super Intelligence.
                          We  are  currently  working  with  Artificial  Narrow  Intelligence.  Ultron  will  fall  under  Artificial  Super  Intelligence
                          category.
                 B.   Long answer type questions.
                       1.  Differentiate between cognitive computing and artificial intelligence.

                     Ans.              Cognitive Computing                          Artificial Intelligence
                           It focuses on imitating human behaviour and  It boosts human thinking to solve complex
                           reasoning to solve complex problems.         problems. Focus is on providing accurate results.
                           It  mimics  human  thinking  processes  to  find  It  finds  patterns  to  learn  from  data  and  find
                           solutions to complex problems.               solutions.
                           It provides extra information to help humans to  It makes decisions on its own thereby reducing the
                           make decisions.                              role of humans.
                           It is mostly used in sectors like customer service,  It  is  used  in  finance,  security,  healthcare,  retail,
                           health care, industries, etc.                manufacturing, etc.

                       2.  Describe any four popular applications of AI.
                     Ans.  Some popular applications of AI are:
                          i.    Virtual Assistants—Alexa, Siri, OK Google. They set reminders, make calls, launch games, open websites, tell
                              you about the weather, date and time, greetings, news, etc.
                          ii.     Self-Driving Cars—These autonomous vehicles combine AI software, sensors, real-time cameras to ensure safe
                              decisions on the road.
                          iii.   Spam filters—These use AI to detect unwanted, and virus-infested emails (called spam) and stop them from
                              getting into email inboxes.
                          iv.    Facial  Recognition—Social  media  apps  like  Facebook  and  Snapchat  use  AI  for  tagging  people  and  applying
                              face filters.

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