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2.  Reinforcement learning is based on         .
                    a.  Learning from labelled data                    b.  Learning through observation
                    c.  The trial and error method                     d.  Dimensionality reduction

                  3.  What is the goal of linear regression?
                    a.  To find a polynomial relationship between variables
                    b.  To estimate the probability of an event
                    c.  To fit a straight line that minimises the sum of squared differences between observed and predicted values
                    d.  To group data into clusters

                  4.  Which of the following is used when a situation might belong to more than one class at the same time?
                    a.  Multi-label classification                     b.  Binary classification
                    c.  Multi-class classification                     d.  Imbalanced classification

                  5.  For which one of these relationships could we use a regression analysis?
                    a.  Relationship between political party membership and opinion about Euthanasia.
                    b.  Relationship between gender and whether person has a mole
                    c.  Relationship between weight and height
                    d.  Relationship between eye colour (blue, brown, etc.) and hair colour (black, blond, etc.).

                  6. The correlation between two variables is given as r = 0.0. What does this mean?
                    a.  The best straight line through the data is horizontal.
                    b.  There is a perfect positive relationship between the two variables.
                    c.  There is a perfect negative relationship between the two variables.
                    d.  All of the points must fall exactly on the horizontal line.

                  7.  Which of the following is true about residual error?
                    a.  lower value is better                          b.  higher value is better
                    c.  Either a. or b.                                d.  All of these

                  8.  Which of the following is NOT typically a use case for regression analysis?
                    a.  Weather forecasting
                    b.  Finding the causal-effect relationship between variables
                    c.  Time series modelling
                    d.  Grouping data into specified categories

                  9.  Which of the following is NOT an application of linear regression?
                    a.  Predicting the effect of fertiliser on crop yield
                    b.  Managing risks and portfolio optimisation
                    c.  Classifying images of handwritten digits
                    d.  Predicting salary based on years of experience

                 10.  What is the main goal of clustering in machine learning?
                    a.  To label data points with predefined categories.
                    b.  To divide a dataset into groups where items in the same group are more similar to each other than
                       to those in other groups.
                    c.  To reduce the dimensionality of the data.
                    d.  To find associations between different variables in the dataset.

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