Page 383 - AI_Ver_3.0_class_11
P. 383
direction Wrist Band
Right Band
Group of people
correct playing music
In Natural Language, the meaning of a word may vary as per its usage in sentences and the context of the text.
Semantic analysis involves interpreting the meaning of a word based upon the context in which it is used.
For example, the word ‘Right’ may mean ‘direction’ or ‘correct.’
Similarly the word ‘Band’ may mean ‘wrist band‘ or ‘a group of people playing music ‘ – hence, the accurate meaning
of the word is highly dependent upon its context.
Discourse Integration
Discourse integration is the fourth phase of NLP, which essentially implies contextualisation. Discourse integration is
the process of analysing and identifying the bigger context for a smaller section of natural language structure (such as
a phrase, word, entity or sentence).
During this phase, it is critical to ensure that each phrase, word, entity or sentence is mentioned in the proper context.
This analysis considers sentence structure and semantics as well as sentence combination and overall text meaning.
For example: Radha wants it.
We can observe from the above sentence that the “it” keyword makes no sense. Hence, this statement is discarded. In
reality, it applies to anything we don't know. Here "it" word depends on the prior sentence, which is not provided. So, if
we know what "it" is, we can simply find the reference the girl is referring to.
Here its not clear what does Radha wants. It may be laptop, cake, headphone, or tablet. Its not specified what is 'it'
referring to.
Pragmatic Analysis
Pragmatic analysis is the fifth and final stage of NLP. It is the process of abstracting or extracting meaning from the
usage of language and interpreting a text using the knowledge obtained from previous NLP procedures. During this
stage, understanding the meaning of words and the context in which they are used is completed. This allows for
conversational functions between machines and humans (for example, chatbots). It translates the given text using the
knowledge gathered in the preceding stages.
Leveraging Linguistics and Computer Science 381

