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  40 0
                                                            A =      0 40   
                                                                  00 4 
                                                                       
                 • Unit Matrix: A matrix in which all the diagonal elements are 1 and all other elements are zero is called as
                 a unit matrix. It is also called as an identity matrix.
                                                                  10 0
                                                             A =     0 10   
                                                                  00 1 
                                                                      
                 • Upper Triangular Matrix: It is a square matrix where all the elements below the diagonal are equal to 0.
                                                                13    2 
                                                                       
                                                            A =  06   4  
                                                                00    2  
                                                                       


                 • Lower Triangular Matrix: It is a square matrix where all the elements above the diagonal are equal to 0.
                                                                1  0    0
                                                            A =     9  4 0  
                                                                 −37 5  


                               Task



                   Given the following matrix, identify the following elements:
                           76   − 5
                      A =     40  2   
                             3 8  10  −  

                   a.  a                             b.  a                       c.   a 31
                                                         11
                       23


                            Brainy Fact

                    We all know that computer understands data only in the form of binary/hexadecimal numbers. Then, how are
                    images processed by computers?



              Consider, the given image:                                                                        3  0  3 0
                            On the computer/mobile, the image is represented as a combination of pixels.   3  0  1 2  5 4  0 3  0 1  3 4  1
                            This is represented mathematically as matrices!                             2  6  1  0  6  3  0  2 0
                                                                                                        2  4  1  5  0  2  3
                                                                                                        3  0  2  4  3  2  1  6 1
                                                                                                        2  6  1  0  6 4  0  3  1
                                                                                                        2  4  2  4  1  6
                                                                                                        2  6  1  0  6
                      Applications of Matrices in AI                                                    2  4


              Matrices are used throughout the field of machine learning for computing:
                 • Sales Forecasting and Price Prediction: Matrices are used to represent relevant predictor and response
                 variables.

                    162     Touchpad Artificial Intelligence (Ver. 2.0)-XI
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