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INSIDE THE SERIES




                          The key features of the series have been designed to ensure better
                                                 learning and assessment.     Steps for Effective Time Management
                                                                              Following steps help in effective time management:
                                                  Learning Resources
                                                                                                correctly
                                                UNIT 1                                    7. Plan ahead  1. Set goals
                                                                                                      2. Prioritize
                                                                                                       wisely
                                COMMUNICATION SKILLS-III
                                                                                          6.
              Learning Outcomes:                                                         Remove non   Time Management
                                                                                                 Tips
                                                                                                       3. Set a
              It provides an overview of the                                             essential     time limit  At a Glance:
                                                                                          tasks
              unit/chapter contents.                                                      This section provides a summary
                                                                                                   4. Take
                                                                                            5. Organize
                                                                                             yourself  breaks
                                                                                                   between
                                                                                                   tasks  of the chapter.
                     Learning Outcomes
                •  Communication—An Introduction   •  7Cs of Communication        At a Glance
                •  Factors Affecting Communication   •  Methods of Communication
                •  Communication Styles   •  Basics of Pronunciation              •  Analysing your strengths and weaknesses is helpful.
                                                                                 An analysis of strengths and weaknesses begins with knowing and understanding yourself first.
                •  Parts of Speech   •  Greetings                                 • How Does a Neural Network Work?
                •  Asking Questions   •  Discussing Family                        •  Values are the principles or standards of action; your own judgment about what is important in your life.
                •  Habits and Routines                                        The node will assign a number called "weight" to each of the incoming connections. When the network is operational,
                                                                                 Knowing ‘yourself’ means you understand who you are, what you like or do not like, what your beliefs or
                                                                                  •
                                                                              the node gets various data elements, varied numbers on each of its connections, and multiplies them by the appropriate
                                                                                 opinions are, what is your background, what you are good or bad at.
                                                                              weights.   •  Strength or ability is what you do well and are good at.
               You probably hear people talking about communication all the time. Everyone needs it and wants it, but what exactly is   To learn, an artificial neural network must first understand what it has done incorrectly and what it is doing correctly.
                                                                                 Weakness, also known as "area for improvement" is what you don't do well and what you're not good at.
                                                                                  •
               communication?                                                 This is referred to as feedback. Feedback is how we learn what is correct and incorrect, and it is also what an artificial
                                                                                  •
                                                                                 Grooming is the process of giving oneself a neat, orderly and clean appearance.
               In this unit, we will learn about communication, methods of communication and different types of communication styles.   neural network requires to learn. This is where the similarities to the human brain begin to emerge.
               Next, you will learn about basics of writing styles.               •  The way you dress and groom can send a message that you are a confident and smart person.
              AI Game:                                                        For example, when learning to play tennis, you learn that if you hit the ball too hard, it will go out of the court and
                                                                                 Personal hygiene is the habit or practice of keeping clean.
                                                                                  •
                                                                                  •
                                                                                 Cleanliness helps us maintain our health and spirit.
                  Communication—An Introduction                               you will lose a point; if you don't hit the ball hard enough, it will not go over the net; but if you hit it perfectly, it will
              It contains an interesting game or activity                     go onto the opposite side of the court and you will win a point. This is a famous example of feedback in which you
                                                                                  •
                                                                                 A team is a group of people who work together to achieve a common goal.
               This is the basic difference between traditional programming and machine learning. In traditional programming, one
               Communication is the ‘sharing’ of information between two or more people or within a group to achieve a common   either lose or gain a point. Neural networks learn in the same way that the brain does, using a feedback mechanism
                                                                                 Networking means getting to know people, staying in touch over time and using knowledge or skills to help
                                                                                  •
               has to manually formulate the code rules while in Machine Learning, algorithms automatically formulate the rules
               understanding. The word ‘communication’ comes from the Latin word ‘communicare’, which means to share.  The ability
              for the students to try on their own or with                    known as back-propagation (also called "backprop").
                                                                                 each other.
               from the data. Let us understand using an example. Suppose, you feed in the following details in a machine:
               to clearly communicate and share thoughts, feelings and ideas will help you in all your dealings with others. Speaking   This is when you compare the network's output to the expected output and modify the weights of the connections
                                                                                 Self-motivation is what drives us to achieve our goals, makes us feel happy and improve the quality of our
                                                                                  •
               1.  Details of customers and their transactions as input and,
               more than one language can help you communicate well with people around the world. Communication skills are
              their classmates to learn how the game                          between the neurons in the network based on the difference between the outputs. This is accomplished by moving
                                                                                 lives.
               required to:
               2.   The observed output—if the customers churned or not in the past, then the machine algorithm will infer patterns
                                                                                 Goals are a set of dreams with an achievable deadline.
                                                                                  •
               •  Inform: for example, announcing the latest assessment guidelines given by CBSE.
                from this data and create the program which will predict if a customer would churn or not. (Customer churn occurs
              mechanics work while having fun.                                backward from the output units through the hidden neurons to the input neurons. Back-propagation causes the
                                                                                  •
                                                                                 Goal setting is finding and listing your goals and then planning how to achieve them.
                                                                              network to learn over time by shrinking the gap between the output and the intended output until the two exactly
                when customers or subscribers stop doing business with a company or service.)
               •  Influence: for example, negotiating with a shopkeeper for a discount.   match, at which point the neural network learns the proper output.
                                                                                  •
                                                                                 Time management is the ability to plan and control how you spend your time well and do whatever you
               •  Express feelings: for example, say that you are enthusiastic about your success or an assigned task. Experiential Learning  want.
               The Communication Process  GAME  01  Auto Draw                        Input layer  Hidden layers
                                                                                                       Self-Management Skills-III
               Communication is  the process  of transmission  of an appropriate message  from a sender to a receiver through a   Output layer  47
                   This experiment is based on the computer vision domain of AI. It identifies the patterns that you draw

               transmission channel in a proper format. The communication process helps in sharing of a common meaning between
                   and suggests the related images.
               the sender and the receiver. Let us study all these elements in detail.

                   To play the game, visit the following link on any computing device with speakers:
                                                                                                          Difference in
               •  Sender: Can be any person, group or an organisation that initiates the process of communication. The sender’s knowledge,   Video Session:

                   https://www.autodraw.com/
                experiences and skills influence the quality of the message.                              desired values
                    Click on the Start Drawing button.                                   This section contains a link of the
                                         Communication Skills-III
                                                   19
                    Select the AutoDraw tool from the toolbar at the left side and draw an object. Suppose, you want to draw
                   a bicycle. The experiment displays the suggestions according to your drawn object at the top of the screen.   video related to the topic for better
                   The AI technology used in this experiment will give you the suggestions.
                                                                                            understanding of the concept.
                                                                                                     Backprop output layer
                                                                                                               Experiential Learning
                                                                                  Video Session
                                                                                Scan the QR code OR visit the following link to watch the video: Neural Networks
              AI Glossary:                                                      explained in 7 minutes
                                                                                https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpOLiDyhNUA
              This section contains                                             What you learned from this video?

                   Select the appropriate object from the suggestions. The selected object will be drawn.
              definition of important AI terms.
                                                                                114  Touchpad Artificial Intelligence (Ver. 2.0)-XI

                                                                                                         AI Innovators:
                                                                                         It presents information about the
                    AI Bias: It is a phenomenon which occurs when algorithm results are systematically biased against
                    a certain gender, language, race, wealth, etc.                              pioneers in the field of AI.
                    Chatbot: It is an AI application that can mimic a real conversation with a user in their natural
                    language.
                    Cognitive Computing: It refers to individual technologies that perform specific tasks to enable
                  106  human intelligence.
                     Touchpad Artificial Intelligence (Ver. 2.0)-XI
                    Conflict: It can be defined as a clash between two opposing forces that creates the narrative
                    thread for a story.
                    Correlation:  It  is  a  statistical  method  that  indicates  whether  a  pair  of  variables  has  a  linear   Pooja Rao
                    relationship and will change together.                         Pooja  Rao  is  the  co-founder  and  head  of  research  and
                    Clustering: It is an unsupervised machine learning technique that automatically divides the data   development  of  Qure.ai,  a  business  that  employs  AI  to
              Brainy Fact:                                                         make healthcare more easily available and more reasonably
              Cartesian Product
                    into clusters or groups of similar elements.
              The Cartesian product of two sets A and B, denoted by A × B, is the set of all ordered   A  priced. Qure.ai offers an automated interpretation of
              It presents an interesting fact relevant                             X-rays,  CTSs,  and  ultrasounds  in  an  effort  to  facilitate
                    Deep Learning: It is a subset of machine learning based on neural networks that permit a machine
              pairs where the first element is in A and the second element is in B. For example:
                    to train itself to perform a task.
              A = {1,2,3} and B = {2,3}
              to the topic or the chapters.                                        quicker diagnosis and quick therapies.
              Then A x B = {(1,2), (1,3), (2,2), (2,3), (3,2), (3,3)}.             Over  40  countries  are  currently  using  the  AI  imaging
                    Design Thinking: It is a process to solve problems creatively by putting consumers' needs first.
                                                                                   software that Pooja's business developed and oversaw its
                    Machine Learning: It is a subset of AI that includes techniques that enable machines to improve   conceptualization and deployment.
                    at performing tasks with experience.
                    Brainy Fact                                                    Pooja has extensive technical knowledge  in the   Pooja Rao
                    Natural Language Processing (NLP): It is an area of artificial intelligence that employs natural   application  of  machine  learning  methods  to  numerous  types  of  medical  data,  including
                 Set theory was created in 1874 by the German Mathematician Georg Cantor. Cantor defined infinite and well-  medical imaging, genomics, etc. She worked in data science before to joining Qure.ai.
                    language for interaction between computers and humans.
                 ordered sets and proved that there are more real numbers than natural numbers.  In addition to having medical training, Pooja has a PhD in neuroscience from the Max Planck
                    Relational Algebra: It is a set of algebraic operators and rules used to manipulate relational   Research School in Gottingen, Germany.
                    tables to generate the required information.
                    Regression: It is a Machine Learning algorithm used to analyse the relationship among dependent
                  Introduction to Data Table Joins
                    (target) and independent (predictor) variables.
              You must have noted by now that relational databases are based almost entirely upon set theory. Let us now study   Jürgen Schmidhuber
              joins. A JOIN is used to combine rows from two or more tables, based on a related/common column between them.
                    Sentiment  Analysis:  It  is  also  called  Opinion  Mining  or  Emotion  AI,  uses  NLP  to  determine
                    whether data is positive, negative, or neutral.
              Joining tables is essentially a Cartesian product followed by a selection criterion.  Schmidhuber is a German national and he is the
                                                                                                 co-founder and chief scientist of Nnaisense. He
                    Structured Data: It is the type of data which we interact and work with every day.
              Different Types of Joins                                                           is known as the “Father  of Self-Aware Robots”
              There are 4 types of joins:                                                        for  developing the  mechanisms  that  allow  us
                       Unstructured Data: It is the type of data which neither possesses any fixed data type nor the size   to communicate to our  phones.  At  present
                    is fixed.
              Inner Join                                                                         his  research is mainly  centered at developing
              When INNER JOIN keyword is used, those records are selected that have matching values   335  artificial neural networks that are equivalent to,
                                               AI Glossary
              in both the tables. In an inner join, only those tuples that satisfy the matching condition are   Left    Right   and eventually surpass, the human brain.
              included, while the remaining tuples are excluded.  Table  Table
              Syntax: SELECT table1.column1, table1.column2, table2.column1, .....   Jürgen Schmidhuber
              FROM table1
              INNER JOIN table2
              ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;
              where table1: First table, table2: Second table and matching_column: Column common to both the tables.
              Left Outer Join
              This join returns all records from the left table, and the matching records from the right
              table.                               Left    Right
              Syntax: SELECT table1.column1, table1.column2, table2.column1, ....  Table  Table  360  Touchpad Artificial Intelligence (Ver. 2.0)-XI
                                                                                   Touchpad Artificial Intelligence (Ver. 2.0)-XI
                                                                                360
              FROM table1
              LEFT JOIN table2
              ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;
              Right Outer Join                      Left    Right
              It returns all records from the right table, and the matching records from the left table.  Table  Table
              Syntax: SELECT table1.column1, table1.column2, table2.column1, ....
              FROM table1
                 176  Touchpad Artificial Intelligence (Ver. 2.0)-XI
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