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MODE (Frequency Distribution):            Grouping Method
                                   (Class Interval Series)              (Grouping and Analysis table)

                                     Wages            f             Modal class = 200 – 300
                                                                    Apply formula :
                                       0 – 100        2                        −
                                                                     Z= l +  f 1  f 0  x i
                                                                               f
                                     100 – 200        1  f 0             1  2 f −−  f 2
                                                                             1
                                                                                0
                                                                                −
                                     200 – 300        4  f 1         = 200  +  41    x 100
                                                                            24  −−12
                                                                             x
                                     300 – 400        2  f 2
                                                                            3
                                     400 – 500        1              = 200 + x 100  = 260
                                                                            5
                              Relation between Mean, Median and Mode:

                                                   Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean

              When to Use Mean, Median and Mode
              Central tendency as we now know is used to summarise the data. Let us now understand when can we use the mean,
              median and mode.
              •  The mean is the most widely used measure of central tendency and is generally considered the best measure.

              •   When there are some missing or uncertain values  in the data, the median is the preferred measure of central

                 tendency.
              •  Mode is the preferred metric when measuring data on nominal (and sometimes even ordinal) scales.

                      Variance and Standard Deviation


              Measures of central tendency (mean, median, and mode) provide the central value of the data set. Variance and
              standard  deviation  are  measures  of  dispersion  (quartile,  percentile,  range).  They  provide  information  about  the
              distribution of data around the centre.
              In this section, we will look at two other measures of dispersion: variance and standard deviation.

              Variance
              Variance measures the distance of each number in the data set from the mean and also from every other number in
                                                            2
              the set. Variance is often depicted by the symbol: σ .
              Calculating the variance
                                                                    10 + 8 + 10 + 8 + 8 + 4
                                                   1     2     3    4   5   6  = 48
                                               10,  8,  10, 8, 8, 4     48 ÷ n = 48 ÷ 6
                                                  n = 6
                                                                          MEAN = 8

              •  The variance represents how far the data in your sample are
                 grouped around the mean.
                 • Data sets with low variance have data grouped closely about the
                 mean.

                 • Data sets with high variance have data grouped far from the mean.                             MEAN





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