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4. Explain F1 Score.
Ans. F1 Score gives a measure of the balance between precision and recall. A good F1 score means that both the false
positives and false negatives are low, so the AI model is identifying the real threats properly and is not giving any
false alarms. F1 score ranges between 0 and 1. If the F1 score is 1 (100%), the model is considered perfect, and if
the score is 0, that means that the model has failed completely.
5. Differentiate between Regression and Classification, Also, draw the graphical representation of each.
Ans.
Regression Classification
This algorithm is used to predict values such as Classification algorithms are used to group values
price, salary, age, etc. such as Male/Female, True/False, Spam/Not Spam
into classes.
Example – Linear Regression Example – Logistic Regression
The graph is a straight line. The graph is a Sigmund curve.
120 1
0.9
100
0.8
80 0.7
Marks (Y) 60 0.6
0.5
40 0.4
0.3
20
0.2
0 0.1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
No. of Hours Studied (X) 0
–6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6
B. Long answer type questions.
1. Give any 3 real life applications of clustering.
Ans. a. Document Classification/Organization: The algorithm views the text and groups/clusters it into different
topics. This technique allows to quickly group and organize similar documents using the characteristics given in
the paragraph.
b. Recommendation Systems: Recommendation systems are widely used by Amazon, Netflix, Flipkart etc. to provide
automated and personalized recommendations for products, services and information. The technology behind the
recommendation engines is called collaborative filtering. A cluster is formed based on the preferences of customers.
Customers within each cluster get recommendations computed at the cluster level.
c. Medical Imaging Analysis: Clustering is used to match patterns in the images and identify cancerous datasets. A
mix of both cancerous and non-cancerous datasets are analysed by the clustering algorithms to understand the
different characteristics present in the dataset, producing resultant clusters.
2. It is estimated that around 500,000 earthquakes occur each year, though most can be detected with current
instruments. About 100,000 of these are felt by humans. An earthquake causes injury and loss of life and damage
to property/buildings. The after-effects may result in disease, lack of basic necessities, mental trauma such as panic
attacks, depression for survivors. Considering all the possible situations make a Confusion Matrix for the given
situation.
Ans. Case 1: Did an Earthquake occur? Prediction – Yes Reality Yes
True Positive
Case 2: Did an Earthquake occur? Prediction – No Reality No
True Negative
Case 3: Did an Earthquake occur? Prediction – Yes Reality No
False Positive
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