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5.   During  the  Covid  pandemic,  because  of  huge  patient  influx,  robots  were  utilized  to  aid  patient  management.
                          Discuss 2 advantages of this technique.
                     Ans.  1.   The robots acted as a shielding layer between the patient and the virus thereby offering protection to the
                              frontline workers.
                          2.  Robots were able to serve at maximum capacity (without rest) during such an extraordinary time.
                 B.   Long answer type questions.
                       1.  What are the sources of bias? Describe them.
                     Ans.  There are 3 sources of bias in AI—
                          •   Data
                          AI system are as good as the data we feed them. And inputting skewed data into the system leads to AI bias. AI
                          system don’t understand whether their training data is right or wrong and represents a broader base.
                          •   Algorithm
                          Technology is supposed to be unbiased. Unfortunately, this is not the case. Parenting, experience, and culture shape
                          people and therefore teach certain assumptions about the world around them. AI is the same. It is constructed by
                          algorithms designed and adjusted by these people, and it tends to "think" the way it is taught.
                          •   Societal Bias
                          Societal AI bias occurs when an AI acts in ways that reflect social intolerance or institutional discrimination. Initially,
                          the algorithms and data themselves seem unbiased, but their results reinforce societal biases.
                       2.  Explain the ethical issues concerning driverless cars.
                     Ans.  Following are some of the issues related to driverless cars:
                          •   The engineers need to strike a balance between safety and speed of the car. It can’t be too slow or too fast.
                          •    Engineers must balance mobility and environmental impact. When applied to all cars in the country, small
                              changes in computer-controlled acceleration, turning, and braking can have a big impact on energy use and
                              polluting emissions.
                          •   It is difficult for the cars to recognize hand-gestures, signals given by cyclists or pedestrians.
                          •    It is difficult for the self-driving cars to decide between the lives of its passengers and the lives of pedestrians
                              in case of accidents.
                       3.  Comment on the statement “AI can amplify the biases caused by data”.
                     Ans.  Artificial intelligence can help identify and reduce the impact of human bias, but it can also make the problem
                          worse by implementing and deploying biases on a large scale in sensitive application areas.
                          For example, investigative news website ProPublica found that a criminal justice algorithm used in Broward County,
                          Florida, mislabelled African American defendants as "high risk" at nearly twice the rate it wrongly identified the
                          white defendants. Bias reduces the potential of AI for businesses and society and fosters mistrust by giving distorted
                          results.
                       4.  Which jobs are at risk due to AI?
                     Ans.  The following are some of the jobs that are at risk due to AI
                          •   Construction
                          •     Food preparation service
                          •   Retail
                          •     Manufacturing
                          •     Translation using NLP
                          •     Customer care/Telemarketing executives
                          •     Bank Clerks
                          •   Drivers



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