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40 0
A = 0 40
00 4
• Unit Matrix: A matrix in which all the diagonal elements are 1 and all other elements are zero is called as
a unit matrix. It is also called as an identity matrix.
10 0
A = 0 10
00 1
• Upper Triangular Matrix: It is a square matrix where all the elements below the diagonal are equal to 0.
13 2
A = 06 4
00 2
• Lower Triangular Matrix: It is a square matrix where all the elements above the diagonal are equal to 0.
1 0 0
A = 9 4 0
−37 5
Task
Given the following matrix, identify the following elements:
76 − 5
A = 40 2
3 8 10 −
a. a b. a c. a 31
11
23
Brainy Fact
We all know that computer understands data only in the form of binary/hexadecimal numbers. Then, how are
images processed by computers?
Consider, the given image: 3 0 3 0
On the computer/mobile, the image is represented as a combination of pixels. 3 0 1 2 5 4 0 3 0 1 3 4 1
This is represented mathematically as matrices! 2 6 1 0 6 3 0 2 0
2 4 1 5 0 2 3
3 0 2 4 3 2 1 6 1
2 6 1 0 6 4 0 3 1
2 4 2 4 1 6
2 6 1 0 6
Applications of Matrices in AI 2 4
Matrices are used throughout the field of machine learning for computing:
• Sales Forecasting and Price Prediction: Matrices are used to represent relevant predictor and response
variables.
162 Touchpad Artificial Intelligence (Ver. 2.0)-XI

