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Relative Referencing
It is based on the position of the cell in which the formula is typed with respect to the cell address of the
formula. When we copy or move the formula to other cells, the reference (cell address) automatically
changes according to the relative position of cells in consideration.
Consider the worksheet:
Let us compute and find the total marks of the six subjects of student Kavya in the cell I2, so the
formula in cell I2 is =C2+D2+E2+F2+G2+H2.
Thus, to compute the total marks of other students, the new expression of formula will change according
to the change in position of the cell in consideration i.e., for computing total marks of Pooja, the
formula in the cell I3 will be =C3+D3+E3+F3+G3+H3, and so on. To apply formula with respect to
Relative referencing:
Step 1: Click on the cell where formula has been typed.
Step 2: Drag down the AutoFill tool of the cell which contains the formula over the new cells where the
formula has to be applied.
=C3+D3+E3+F3+G3+H3
Formula in the
cells will be
=C4+D4+E4+F4+G4+H4
=C5+D5+E5+F5+G5+H5
Drag
AutoFill
Handle =C6+D6+E6+F6+G6+H6
The total marks of other students will be displayed in the cells respectively.
Absolute Referencing
It is applied when a user does not want to change the value while copying the formula with cell address
to another cell. To apply an absolute cell reference, a $ (dollar) sign is prefixed before the row number
and/or the column name in the cell address. (i.e., $ sign fixes the value).
212 Touchpad Computer Applications (Ver. 2.0)-IX

