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6. What is a chart? List any three advantages of a chart.
Ans. Charts and graphs are visual or graphical representation of data from a worksheet which is very useful for
instant analysis and decision making. Three advantages of charts are:
● Charts summarise large data set in visual form and estimate key value at a glance.
● Charts are visually appealing and it is easy for the users to compare the information.
● Charts help to forecast the trends on the basis of comparisons done.
C. Long answer type questions.
1. Discuss the components of an Excel formula using an example.
Ans. A formula in a spreadsheet package may consist of the following:
● Cell Address: A1, C11, A24:B36, etc.
● Functions: SUM, MAX, MIN, etc.
● Equal to’ operator: A formula always starts with an ‘=’ operator.
● Operators: + (Addition), - (Subtraction), * (Multiplication), / (Division), Exp (Exponent) are mathematical
operators. >(Greater than), <(Less than), = (Equal to), <>(Not equal to), <= (Less than or equal to),
>=(greater than or equal to) are relational operators.
● Parenthesis: ().
2. What is Cell Referencing? Discuss its different types giving suitable examples.
Ans. The identification or address of a cell in a formula is known as ‘Cell Reference’. There are three types of
referencing in OpenOffice Calc: Relative Referencing, Absolute Referencing and Mixed Referencing.
● Relative referencing is based on the position of the cell in which the formula is typed with respect to
the cell address of the formula. When we copy or move the formula to other cells, the reference (cell
address) automatically changes according to the relative position of cells in consideration. Example:
‘=C5+D5+E5’.
● Absolute referencing is applied when a user does not want to change the value while copying the
formula with cell address to another cell. To apply an absolute cell reference, a ‘$’ (dollar) sign is
prefixed before the row number and/or the column name in the cell address. (i.e. $ sign fixes the
value). Example: ‘=$C$3+$D$3+$E$3’.
● Mixed referencing is the combination of absolute and relative referencing. While applying mixed
referencing, either the row number or the column name of the cell address in the formula is fixed. The
cell references such as $F5 or F$5 are examples of mixed referencing. Example: ‘=F10/$F$3*100’.
3. What is a function in OpenOffice Calc? List all the statistical functions.
Ans. Functions are in-built formula in OpenOffice Calc, which can be used to perform arithmetical and non-
arithmetical tasks. A function contains ‘Name’ and ‘Argument’. In OpenOffice Calc there are more than
375 in-built functions which can be applied directly or as part of a formula. For Example: A formula, say
A1+A2+A3+A4+A5 can be written using the ‘SUM’ function along with cell range as: SUM(A1:A5).
● AVERAGE(): Produces the average (mean) of the given arguments. Eg.=AVERAGE(10;20;30) Displays
output: 20
● MAX(): Produces the largest value from the given range of cells. Eg. =MAX(10;20;15;25) Displays
output:25
● MIN(): Produces the smallest value from the given set of values/range of cells. Eg. = MIN(10;20;15;25)
Displays output:10
● COUNT(): Produces the number of arguments enclosed in small brackets. It can only count the numeric
entries and ignores the text entries. Eg. = COUNT(1;2;15;25;3;6) Displays output :6
Data Analysis 231

