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During 1980, IBM developed General Markup Language (GML), after which the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) published a working draft of Standard GML or Standard Generalized Markup
Language (SGML).
SGML, which was comparatively a higher level markup language, was adopted by the US Internal Revenue
Service and Department of Defense, USA.
Simplifying further, HTML was developed in 1990 as a subset of SGML, whose credit goes to Tim
Berners-Lee, a scientist at CERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire, a European practical
physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland).
GML SGML HTML
HTML and SGML, though are from the same family but only a few browsers support both. HTML was
designed to create web pages that can be viewed on any type of computer architecture or by using any
web browser on Internet.
Notes
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): Tim Berners-Lee proposed for formation of a consortium to
handle the problems of establishing standards for HTML and HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol), for
compliance and approvals. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was founded in 1994 with the goal
to develop and set common standards for World Wide Web. It is hosted by Massachusetts Institute
of Technology in the USA, INFERIA in France and Keio University. The members of its committee are
representatives of World Wide Web companies, including organizations such as Microsoft, Netscape,
Sun Microsystems, IBM and Others.
EVOLUTION OF HTML
HTML has evolved to make websites better and more interactive. HTML 1.0 (1993) was basic for structuring
text and links. HTML 2.0 (1995) added forms. HTML 3.0 aimed for advanced features but wasn't widely
used. HTML 4.0 (1997) introduced CSS, JavaScript, and multimedia. HTML 5.0 (2014) brought modern
features like audio, video, and APIs. Today, HTML is essential for the web.
The following table lists the evolution of HTML, their Version, Release Year, and Key Features and Changes:
Version Release Year Key Features and Changes
First version of HTML, developed by Tim Berners-Lee. It provided
HTML 1.0 1993 the basic structure for web pages, including headings, paragraphs,
and links.
Standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force, it introduced
HTML 2.0 1995
basic forms and provided more robust support for text formatting.
Introduced by the W3C with three versions: Strict, Transitional, and
Frameset. It added support for more multimedia content (e.g.,
HTML 3.2 1997
embedding audio and video) and enhanced forms while improving
accessibility features.
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