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INSIDE THE SERIES
                                              INSIDE THE SERIES




                  The key features of the series have been designed to ensure better learning, assessment and evaluation.


                   Learning Resources


                                                                  Notes
                        Chatting can be done with people on the Internet whose IDs are added in the friends list or with
                        someone who invites for chatting on the screen. The same can be done by entering into the ‘Chat
                        Notes Rooms’, for which one has to select a chat room, then select an ID of a person who is online.  This section contains additional
                      Video Conferencing                          information to enrich the subject.
                      Video conferencing is a way of communication in which two or
                      more people residing at remote places can interact with each
                      other as if they are in a face-to-face conversation. It is similar
                      to web chatting. It provides real time visual communication,
                       unlike other communication methods such as e-mail.
                       It uses communication in the  form of audio  and  video to
                       A video conference can be established between two persons (referred as ‘point-to-point’) or can involve
                       bring people of different places together at one platform for
                       more than two people (referred as ‘multipoint’). The video conferencing terminals are often referred as
                       a meeting or discussion in real time.
                        Video conferencing also helps in organising a group conference of many people at a time who may be
                        placed at different locations of the world. The following five elements are required for video conferencing:
                       ‘Endpoints’.                                                      FTP destination.
                                                                                          Internet is a packet-switched network, in which information is broken into small packets and sent over
                          Video Input: Video Camera, Web Cam, Mobile Camera.
                                                                                           Do you know?
                                                                                          different routes at the same time, and then reassembled at the receiving end. TCP is the component
                          Video Output: Computer Monitor, Television or Projector Screen.
                                                                                          that collects and reassembles the packets of data, while IP ensures that the packets are sent to the right
                          Audio Output: Speakers or Earphone associated with the display devices or telephone line.
                                                                                           to the Internet) in 1983.
                          Audio Input: Microphone, Mic.
                          Network: (Data Transfer) Analog or Digital Telephone Network, LAN or Internet.
                                                                                           TCP/IP was developed in the 1970s and adopted as the protocol standard for ARPANET (the predecessor
                         A web camera captures the video or picture and microphone carries/transmits the voice. The video and
                         How does video transmission take place?
                         These converted digital signals are transmitted through the Internet at the other end where it is converted
                         sound files are converted into compressed digital signals via modem.
                         back into the picture and then it is projected on the screen and the voice is heard through the earphone,
                                                                                         FTP stands for ‘File Transfer Protocol’. It is a set of rules for transferring files between two computers on
                                                                                         computer i.e., FTP server helps the users to upload and download files.
                                                                                         Internet. It is a commonly used protocol for exchanging files over any TCP/IP based network. The central
                                                                                         Using FTP , the client requests to initiate a file transfer, then the client and the server exchange files. FTP
                         speakers, etc.                     Do you Know?                The  most  common  application  of  FTP  is  to  download  files  from  the  Internet.  An  FTP  address  looks
                                                                                        software cannot exchange files directly until the FTP server is in the middle.
                                                                                         allows communication between clients and servers but not between clients i.e., two people with FTP client
                          It  refers  to  the  application  of  Internet  media  in  the  field
                          e-Learning                        This section contains a     access to the directory. With an anonymous FTP directory, the user’s name is always “Anonymous” and
                          of education and learning. Giving  tutorials, multimedia
                                                                                        ‘Non-Anonymous’.
                          demonstrations,  imparting  lectures,  clarification  of  doubts,
                          providing solutions to problems, sharing knowledge through
                                                                                        like  an  address  of  a  website,  except  that  it  uses  the  prefix  ‘ftp://’  instead  of  ‘http://’.  An  example  of
                          video conferencing, etc. helps the users to learn about things
                                                                                        FTP  site  address  is  ‘ftp://planet.com/’.  There  are  two  types  of  FTP  connections:  ‘Anonymous’  and
                                                            fact about the topic.
                          with a wide spectrum. Such type of application of IT resources
                          for learning or studying is known as e-learning i.e., Internet
                                                                                        When connected to any FTP directory, the host system asks for the user’s name and password before allowing
                                                                                       the users are most likely using an anonymous FTP login.
                                                                                       the password is always the user’s e-mail address. While connecting to an FTP site that allows anonymous
                           Based Learning.                                             access or transfer files from their computer.
                             Touchpad Computer Applications-X
                                                                                       logins, the user is not (frequently) prompted for a name and password. Hence, while downloading files
                           30                                                          To make an FTP Connection
                                                                                       Non-anonymous FTP on the other hand, requires a unique username and password for the FTP directory
                                                                                       in question, which is provided by the FTP site administrator only. So the users are verified before they can
                                                                                      ftp://sunet.se.
                                                                                      To make an FTP connection the user uses a standard web browser (Internet Explorer, Netscape, etc.) or a
                                                                                      dedicated FTP software program referred as FTP client. To connect to a FTP site using web browser, enter
                                                                                      Downloading and Uploading
                                                                                      the URL of the FTP site; ftp://ftpserver/pathname. For example, to connect to ‘ftp.sunet.se’, type the URL
                                                                                     computer on the Internet.
                                                                                      Downloading refers to transfer of file from a remote computer to the host computer. FTP helps to make
                                                                                     a directory on a computer connected to the Internet and to transfer a file from that directory on another
                                                                                     for a name and location on the local computer to save that file.
                                                                                     The files can be downloaded from a FTP site even by an anonymous user. To download, the browser asks
                                                                                                         Networking
                                                                                                             21
                                Glossary
                       Attribute: An attribute is a property that provides some additional information about a tag. It   Glossary
                       <P> TAG: Paragraph tag is used to begin a paragraph in a web page.
                        BACKGROUND COLOR: The Background Color property of style sheet is  used to change  the
                      1.   enhances the functionality of a tag.
                      2.   BGCOLOR Attribute: This attribute of <BODY> tag is used to set the background colour of the   This  section  contains
                        Cellpadding: This attribute is used to specify the space between grid line and content in the cell.
                        Checkbox: A checkbox is like a toggle switch where users can select a desired choice by clicking on
                      3.   background colour of an element.
                       4.   displayed screen.            definition of common terms.
                       5.   Comments: Comments are used to add remarks to the programs created in any language.
                         Container Tag: The tags which are used in pairs are called ‘Container Tags’.
                         Corporate Blogs: Blogs can be uploaded for business or commercial purposes.
                       6.   the checkbox.
                       7.  10.  CSS Float: The ‘float’ property is used for positioning and formatting content. It wraps the text
                       8.
                        12.  CSS MARGINS: CSS ‘margin’ properties enable to create space around an HTML element, outside
                       9.  11.  CSS FONT: CSS font property is used to define the font, size and the style of the text. Some of the      Digital Signature: Digital signature ensures the authenticity of the information. A digital signature
                         commonly used font properties are font-family, font-style, font-size, etc.
                         around the images.
                        13.  CSS OUTLINE: An outline is a line that is drawn around elements, to make the element “stand out”.
                        14.  CSS: ‘Cascading Style Sheet’ is simple design language which enables to simplify the process of
                         15.  e -Group: It refers to the group of people who are in correspondence (in touch) with each other via
                         any border.
                                                                                         Major Security Measures are:
                         16.  E-commerce: It refers to the buying or selling of goods or services over the Internet.
                          making web pages.
                         17.  e-Governance: e-Governance (Electronic Governance) refers to the application of Information and
                                                                                           Auditability: Data should be recorded in such a way that it can be audited for integrity requirements.
                          Internet, on the topics of common interest.
                          Communication Technology (ICT) tools for delivering the services of government.
                         18.  e-Learning: It refers to the application of Internet media in the field of education and learning.
                         19.  Element: It refers to different sections that include opening or closing tag and the content within it.
                                                                                            Encryption: It is a very effective and practical way to safeguard the data being transmitted over the
                                                                                          receiver can decrypt the data with the help of secret codes.
                                                                                          network. Sender of the information encrypts the data using a secret code and only the specified
                         20.  e-Mail: Electronic mail is a mailing service provided by the Internet by which one can send messages
                                                                                         devices.
                                                                                         website.
                          22.  e-Reservation: Reservation means to purchase rights for the usage of a facility or some service for
                          21.  Empty Tag: Empty tags are the standalone tags which are not used in pair.
                           to any person around the world through computer.
                                                                                         is an e-signature authenticated through encryption and password that are uploaded through data
                                                                                         Recap Zone
                          23.  Ethics: The word ‘Ethics’ signifies the approach, behaviour or principle that a person must follow to
                           a specified and limited period of time i.e., to reserve a right temporarily.
                                                                                        
                                                                                            Security Certificates: Security certificate is a unique digital ID that is used to verify the identity of a
                          24.  Freeware: Software that can be used without paying any price i.e., which is free of any charge are
                            keep or maintain reasonable justice for implied morality in the society.
                                                                                        
                                                                                         application or resources of Internet.
                          25.  Genre Blogs: Genre blogs are meant for the publication of articles on specific topics or a particular
                            subject, such as Political blogs, Travel blogs, House blogs, Fashion blogs, Educational blogs, etc.
                                                                                        
                                                                                        Ð ‘Cyber Ethics’ is an ethical approach or responsibility that should be followed while using the
                                                                                         followed by the users of the Internet.
                                                                                         e-mails.
                            termed as freeware.
                                                                                        Ð Netiquette  (net  +  etiquette)  can  be  defined  as  the  behavior  or  informal  guidelines  that  are
                                                                                        real time.
                                                                                        Ð E-mail netiquettes are the basic etiquettes and courtesy that should be followed while sending
                             Touchpad Computer Applications-X                              Ð Software License is the authorization to use a software.
                                                                                        Ð Chat and Instant Messaging (IM) are Internet features that allow users to interact with people in
                                                                                        his work.
                           216                                                           Ð ‘Intellectual Property Right’ is the legal right that covers the privileges of an individual who has
                                                                                        one’s own work.
                                                                                        Ð Plagiarism is the act of copying someone else’s work and publishing and proprieting it as if it is
                                                                                        created or invented something with his own intellectual ability or creativity and is the owner of
                                                                                       of his digital property.
                                                                                        Ð ‘Digital Property Right’ is the legal right that covers the privileges of an individual for the security
                                                                                        Ð Freedom of Information is the right to obtain information from any public authority by making
                                                          Recap Zone                    Ð Digital divide is a term that refers to the gap between those who have access to the resources
                                                                                       Department specifying the particulars of the information sought by him.
                                                                                       a  request  in  writing  or  through  electronic  means,  to  the  concerned  Information  Officer  or
                                                          This section contains       Ð e-Commerce, also known as electronic commerce or Internet commerce, refers to the buying or
                                                                                       selling of goods or services over the Internet.
                                                                                       of modern information and communications technology, and those that have restricted access.
                                                          summary of the chapter.
                                                                                    140  Touchpad Information Technology-X
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