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•  The Unicode supports all Internet standards like HTML, XML, Java, JavaScript, and Perl.
                 •  The Unicode standards ensure interoperability and portability by prescribing conformant behaviour.
                 Disadvantage of Unicode is given below:
                 •  UTF-16 and UTF-32 require more memory space.


                               Let’s Revisit

                       ♦ Character encoding is a process of assigning numeric code to character sets of different human languages across the world.
                       ♦ In signed magnitude notation, the rightmost sign bit is assigned 0 for positive and 1 for negative binary numbers.
                       ♦ One’s complement representation of a binary negative number is obtained by changing 0 bit to 1 and 1 bit to 0.
                       ♦ Two’s complement representation of a binary negative number is obtained by adding 1 to its One’s complement form.
                       ♦ Signed and unsigned shift operators include signed left shift <<, signed right shift >> and unsigned right shift >>>.
                       ♦ Bitwise logical operators include complement ∧ , AND (&) , OR (|) and XOR (∧).
                       ♦ A signed real number in fixed point notation has three parts: sign bit, integral part and fractional part.
                       ♦ Floating point representation consists of two parts namely mantissa and exponent.

                       ♦ BCD is the oldest coding system where each decimal digit is expressed as a group of 4 bits or nibbles.
                       ♦ ASCII 7 could represent all digits from 0 to 9, uppercase and lowercase English alphabets and some special characters.
                       ♦ The ISCII character code covers all recognised Indian languages other than the languages supported by ASCII code.
                       ♦ The Unicode is an International character encoding standard that includes different languages, scripts and symbols.





                                                              MIND DRILL


                     Solved Questions


                 A.  Tick ( ) the correct option:
                          1.  1 Gigabyte is equivalent to ………………… .
                       a.  1024 kilobyte                               b.  1024 megabyte
                       c.  1024 terabyte                               d.  1024 petabyte
                     2.  Signed and unsigned binary integers can be represented using ………………… methods.
                       a.  1                                           b.  2
                       c.  3                                           d.  4
                     3.  The signed magnitude representation of a binary number represented by 8 bits is 10000101. Which of the following is its decimal
                       equivalent?
                       a.  -5                                          b.  +5
                       c.  -133                                        d.  +133
                     4.  Which of the following is one’s complement representation of -8 in 4-bit notation?
                       a.  1000                                        b.  1111
                       c.  -1000                                       d.  0111
                     5.  Which of the following is two’s complement representation of -14 in 4-bit notation?
                       a.  -1110                                       b.  0001
                       c.  0010                                        d.  0011
                     6.  Bitwise AND operator results in …………………  if both bits are false.
                       a.  0                                           b.  1
                       c.  Both a and b                                d.  None of these


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