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11


                                                                                     ARRAYS
















                        Learning Objectives



                   11.1  Array                                 11.2  Need for an Array
                   11.3  Single-Dimensional Array              11.4  Different Operations on a Single-Dimensional Array
                   11.5  Insertion                             11.6  Deletion
                   11.7  Merging                               11.8  Double-Dimensional Array
                   11.9  Sorting Vs. Searching                 11.10  Linear Search Vs. Binary Search
                   11.11  Bubble Sort Vs. Selection Sort       11.12  Single-Dimensional Array Vs. Double-Dimensional Array



              You know that a variable can store one value at a time. Sometimes, the situation occurred that we need to store several
              values of a similar type. In that case, we have to declare several variables. To avoid such situations, Java provides the
              concept of an array. Java also provides strings to handle the textual information. In this chapter, we will learn about
              arrays and strings.

                   11.1 ARRAY
              An array is a collection of data of a similar type. In other words, an array is a group of variables accessed through a
              common name. It can store a set of values of any primitive or non-primitive type. It is a composite data type. The
              values stored in an array are known as array elements. In an array, the values are stored one after another and each
              value has an index starting from 0 which means that the first value is stored at the 0th index, the second value is stored
              at the 1st index, and so on. For example,

                             Array Values/Elements   5     10     8     7     1      6     4     3     11
                                    Index            0     1      2     3     4      5     6     7      8

                                                                     th
                                                                                                    st
              In the above example, you can see that value 5 is stored at 0  index, value 10 is stored at the 1  index, and the last
                                      th
              value 11 is stored at the 8  index. The number of elements specifies the length of the array. In the above example,
              there are nine elements in the array, so the length of the array is 9.

                                                             Definition
                    Arrays can be defined as a set of variables which contains values of same data types having same variable name but
                    different subscripts required to separate the values. Thus, we can say that an array is a composite data type.





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