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Assembly Language
              An assembly language is the beginning step to improve programming languages as it makes programming language
              more readable by the programmers. It is made up of symbols and letters, which are translated into machine language
              by a translator. It is called the second generation language. It uses terms like MOVE, ADD, etc. to write the code. It is
              still used in operating systems and programming of electronic devices. But the disadvantage is that it is still difficult to
              understand and the programming code becomes large.

              4.1.2 High-Level Languages (HLL)
              High-level languages are programming languages that use English letters or words and Mathematical symbols like +, -,
              *, etc. in their instructions. They are further divided into two types, which are as follows:
              •  Procedure-Oriented Programming Languages
              •  Object-Oriented Programming Languages

              Procedure-Oriented Programming (POP) Languages
                                                                                         Global Data
              Procedure-oriented programming languages are the                          Main Function()
              model for programmers. In POP languages, more emphasis                      Local Data
              is given to functions rather than data values. Here, the
              data values flow freely between different functions as per
              the instructions given in the program code.            Function A()        Function B()        Function C()
                                                                      Local Data          Local Data         Local Data
              Some  of  the  examples  of  POP  languages  are  COBOL,
              BASIC, etc.                                                     Function D()          Function E()
                                                                               Local Data            Local Data
              Characteristics of POP Languages
              Some of the characteristics of procedure-oriented programming language are as follows:
              •  Emphasis is given on procedure rather than data.
              •  Functions are the sub-programs that are the parts of the larger programs.
              •  Most of the functions share global data.
              •  Functions transfer data from one function to another.
              •  It employs a top-down approach in the program design.

              Drawbacks of POP Languages
              Some of the drawbacks of procedure-oriented programming language are as follows:
              •  Data is exposed to the whole program which makes the security of the program under pressure.
              •  Reusability of code is not allowed.
              •  It is impossible to relate to real-life objects.
              •  It is difficult to create a new data type.

              Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Languages
                                                                                                           Object 1
              There is another way of programming using the OOP languages.
              These languages were developed to increase the productivity of                             Rajesh Singh
              the programs. These languages do not allow data to flow freely   Employee                   Data Analyst
              from function to function. Here, an object is created, and the   Name of Employee
              data of an object can be accessed only by the function associated   Designation of
              with that object, as shown in the image. However, one function   Employee                    Object 2
              within an object can access the function of another object. It                               Amar Das
              is a modular approach and permits data to be used within a                                   Manager
              specified programming area.
              Some of the examples of object-oriented programming languages are Java, C++, C#, Python, etc.


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