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02


                                                                                   ENCODING

















                      Learning Objectives


                  2.1  Binary Encoding for Integers                 2.2  Representation of Real Numbers
                  2.3  Characters and their Encoding



              Data is a collection of raw facts and figures which when processed gives meaningful information. Data that we use in
              our daily life can broadly be classified as numeric and text. But internally, digital computers represent data in binary
              form. Binary digit or bit comprises only two values 0 and 1.

              A byte is a unit which most computers use to represent any character. 8 bits make a byte. A word is a unit of data of a
              defined bit length that can be addressed and moved between storage and the computer processor. The word length
              varies depending on the computer architecture. In IBM architecture, a word is 32 bits or four bytes whereas in Intel’s
              PC processor architecture, a word is 16 bits or 2 bytes.

              The tabular representation of various memory sizes is given below:


                                                  Name                         Size
                                       bit (b)                     1 bit

                                       nibble                      4 bits
                                       byte (B)                    8 bits
                                       kilobyte (KB)               1024 bytes

                                       megabyte (MB)               1024 kilobytes
                                       gigabyte (GB)               1024 megabytes
                                       terabyte (TB)               1024 gigabytes

                                       petabyte (PB)               1024 terabytes
                                       exabyte (EB)                1024 petabytes
                                       zettabyte (ZB)              1024 exabytes

                                       yottabyte (YB)              1024 zettabytes




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