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    The email service looks at certain patterns in the emails, such as:

                       The sender’s address.
                       Words or phrases used in the subject line or body of the email.

                       Whether the email has attachments or links.

                     Using these patterns, the AI system can quickly decide if a new email should be marked as spam
                     or not, based on what it has already learned from past examples.  So, when you get a new email,
                     the system automatically classifies it into one of these two groups: spam or not spam. This is an
                     example of classification in action, where the AI sorts data (emails) into categories (spam or not
                     spam) to make quick decisions.

                                         Which of the following will be the next number in the given number pattern?

                                                a)  11                                    b)  25

                                                 c)  35                                   d)  54

                     INTRODUCTION TO REGRESSION

                     Regression is a method in AI where models predict numerical values based on past data. In this
                     method, the AI looks for patterns in the data and learns how changes in one piece of information
                     can impact the predicted number.

                     For example, imagine you want to predict the price of a house. By looking at past data about
                     house sales, the AI learns how factors like the size of the house, its location and the city it is in
                     influence the price. If the house is bigger or in a more desirable area, the price will likely be higher.

                     Similarly, regression can predict how many marks a student might get on their next exam. By
                     analysing the student's past exam results, the AI learns patterns and estimates the score they
                     might achieve, considering factors like study habits and previous performance.

                                                                                       AI Domains and Applications     9

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