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    ethical minds

                      NLP systems can pick up biases from the data they are trained on. If the data is biased, the system
                      might give unfair or harmful results.

                     How Machines Understand Human Language?

                     Machines do not naturally understand human language like humans do, but they can be trained

                     to interpret it using the following steps:
                     1.  Data pre-processing (Cleaning): Raw text is collected and                  fact bits
                        cleaned  by  removing  errors,  unnecessary  symbols  and             Google Translate was first
                        irrelevant data to make it suitable for analysis.                     released in April 2006 and

                     2.  Syntax/syntactic  analysis: The structure  of sentences               originally used Statistical

                        is analysed to  understand  grammar, word order and                   Machine Translation (SMT)
                        relationships between words.                                        before switching to AI-powered
                                                                                              neural translation (NMT) in
                     3.  Semantics  (Meaning  analysis): The system  interprets  the          2016 for better accuracy.

                        meaning  of words and sentences,  considering  context  to
                        understand what is being communicated.

                     4.  Deep  learning: Advanced  algorithms  learn from large
                        amounts of data to recognise patterns, improve understanding and generate more accurate
                        responses over time.

                     Applications of NLP

                     NLP is used in many real-life applications, such as:

                       Voice assistants: NLP helps voice assistants like Google Assistant
                        and Amazon Alexa understand spoken commands and respond to
                        users in a natural way.

                                              Language translation: NLP enables  tools  like  Google  Translate to
                                               convert text or speech  from one  language  to  another  quickly  and
                                               accurately.

                       Customer support: NLP is used in chatbots and virtual assistants on
                        websites and apps to answer customer queries, provide information
                        and offer support without human involvement.

                                                                                       AI Domains and Applications     21

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