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    Let us understand this stage of AI Project Cycle using a real-life example.
                      Predicting Whether a Student Has Excessive Gadget Screen Time

                      A school wants to predict whether students are spending too much time on gadgets such as
                      mobile phones, tablets or laptops. This helps teachers and parents monitor students' screen time
                      and improve their health and academic performance.
                      In this stage, the problem is clearly defined using the 4W’s approach.

                        Who: Students, parents, teachers and school management
                        What: Predict a student has excessive gadget screen time

                        Where: At home and school
                        Why: To reduce  excessive  gadget  usage  and  improve  student  well-being and  academic
                         performance

                                                                                                       21 st
                                                                                                      Century   #Critical Thinking
                                                                                                      Skills
                                                                      SMART TRAFFIC SIGNAL SYSTEM
                                    Traffic signals are used to control vehicle movement at road intersections. In a traditional
                                  traffic signal system, lights change at fixed time intervals:

                          Green light for 30 seconds
                          Yellow light
                          Red light

                          Another road gets green signal
                          The cycle repeats continuously

                        This system  follows fixed rules and does  not  consider  traffic conditions.  Even if more  vehicles are
                        waiting on one road, the signal timing does not change. This is an example of automation, not Artificial
                        Intelligence, because the system does not learn or make decisions.
                        In an AI-based traffic signal system, cameras and sensors detect traffic density. The AI system analyses
                        traffic and adjusts signal timing accordingly. This helps reduce congestion and improves traffic flow.

                        Based on the above case, answer the following questions:
                        1.  Why is a traditional traffic signal system called automation?

                        2.  How does an AI-based traffic signal system work?

                      Some More Examples:
                        Attendance System

                           Time-based (Automation): Students manually mark attendance or attendance is taken at
                             a fixed time by the teacher. This process is time-consuming and prone to errors.

                       14        Artificial Intelligence (CT & AI)-VIII

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