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      Who identifies and fixes mistakes?
                       Who is responsible if something goes wrong?

                       What type of data is being used by the system?
                       Is the data accurate, reliable and up to date?
                       Can the system make unfair or biased decisions?

                       Who monitors the system regularly?
                       Can humans override the system when needed?
                     These questions help ensure that AI systems are used responsibly, safely and ethically.

                     AI systems are now used in many important fields such as healthcare, education, banking, law
                     and public services. In these areas, decisions can directly affect people's lives. Therefore, human
                     supervision  becomes  extremely  important.  AI should  support  human  decision-making,  not
                     replace it completely. While machines can analyse data quickly and efficiently, final decisions
                     should always be made by humans. Let us understand with an example.
                     Consider a school that uses an AI system to analyse students’ performance. The system reviews
                     marks, attendance and classroom participation and then identifies students who may need extra
                     academic support. One day, the AI system flags a student and displays the message:

                     Student Performance Alert: Needs Immediate Support
                                                                                                    fact bits
                     The teacher carefully reviews the student's records and notices
                     that the student had been absent for several days due to illness.        AI should assist humans,
                     The teacher also remembers that the student usually performs             not act without limits. “A
                     well  in class. Instead  of following the  AI recommendation           series of production failures
                     immediately, the teacher decides to observe the student for a          at Amazon in late 2025 and
                     few more days and speak with the student personally.                     early 2026 linked to Kiro,
                                                                                              Amazon's autonomous
                     After  reviewing  the  situation,  the  teacher  realises  that  the       AI coding agent. Kiro
                     student's  performance improves  once  they  return to  regular           autonomously deleted
                     classes.  The teacher  then decides  that  extra  support  is  not        an AWS Cost Explorer
                     required at that moment.
                                                                                              production environment,
                     This example  shows that  AI can assist  in decision-making,           causing a 13-hour outage in
                     but  humans must  review the results, apply  their judgment                 mainland China.”
                     and remain responsible for the final outcome. Human control
                     ensures that mistakes can be identified and corrected, making
                     AI systems safer and more reliable.

                      ethical minds

                       Automated  decision-making systems  that  operate  without  fairness checks  may  produce  biased
                       outcomes, leading to unfair treatment of individuals without proper human review or intervention.

                                                                                          Ethics and Responsible AI    81

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