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    Irrigation, for example, was often done at fixed intervals without checking the soil moisture levels,
                      leading to problems such as overwatering or not providing enough water. This can harm or even
                      destroy crops.

                      Additionally, farmers often couldn’t spot problems in their crops early enough, which delayed
                      taking the necessary action.
                      But have you ever wondered how farming could be done more efficiently with less effort? AI in
                      agriculture is helping to automate many farming tasks, reducing the amount of manual labour

                      and improving productivity. With AI, tasks like irrigation, sowing, fertilising and harvesting can
                      now be managed by smart machines and data-driven systems.
                      For  instance, AI-powered irrigation systems can analyse  soil moisture levels in real time and

                      automatically adjust water flow to ensure crops get the right amount of water. Similarly, drones
                      and robots can be used to plant seeds, spray fertilisers and monitor crop health, all with greater
                      accuracy and speed than traditional methods.

                                                          AI IN AGRICULTURE

                                                                                                    Aphis
                                                                                                    Fungus

                                                                                              Aphis
                                         Weather Prediction         Soil Analysis         Pest Detection

                      How AI Helps

                      AI provides farmers with valuable information and insights to help them make better decisions:

                        Weather forecasts help farmers plan important  farming activities such as sowing  and
                         harvesting  crops.  In India,  the  India  Meteorological  Department  (IMD)  provides  weather
                         updates and agricultural advisories to support farmers. By using these predictions, farmers
                         can plan their activities, ensuring they sow and harvest crops at the most suitable times.

                        Soil analysis helps farmers optimise the use of fertilisers and water. Through the Soil Health
                         Card Scheme, the Indian government tests soil samples and provides farmers with detailed
                         reports on soil nutrients, helping them make informed decisions on how to improve soil health
                         and increase crop yields.

                        Pest detection systems can identify pest and disease problems before they damage crops.
                         In India, platforms like the National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) and apps such as Kisan
                         Suvidha allow farmers to upload photos of their crops. The system analyses the images and
                         suggests potential issues and solutions, enabling farmers to take action early and prevent
                         crop loss.

                      By using  AI, farmers  gain better  control over their farming practices,  which  leads to higher
                      productivity, healthier crops and more efficient resource use.

                      46         Artificial Intelligence (CT & AI)-VIII

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