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Let us understand this stage of AI Project Cycle using a real-life example.
Predicting Whether a Student Has Excessive Gadget Screen Time

A school wants to predict whether students are spending too much time on gadgets such as
mobile phones, tablets or laptops. This helps teachers and parents monitor students' screen time
and improve their health and academic performance.
In this stage, the problem is clearly defined using the 4W’s approach.

 Who: Students, parents, teachers and school management
 What: Predict a student has excessive gadget screen time

 Where: At home and school
 Why: To reduce excessive gadget usage and improve student well-being and academic
performance

21 st
Century #Critical Thinking
Skills
SMART TRAFFIC SIGNAL SYSTEM
Traffic signals are used to control vehicle movement at road intersections. In a traditional
traffic signal system, lights change at fixed time intervals:

 Green light for 30 seconds
 Yellow light
 Red light

 Another road gets green signal
 The cycle repeats continuously

This system follows fixed rules and does not consider traffic conditions. Even if more vehicles are
waiting on one road, the signal timing does not change. This is an example of automation, not Artificial
Intelligence, because the system does not learn or make decisions.
In an AI-based traffic signal system, cameras and sensors detect traffic density. The AI system analyses
traffic and adjusts signal timing accordingly. This helps reduce congestion and improves traffic flow.

Based on the above case, answer the following questions:
1. Why is a traditional traffic signal system called automation?

2. How does an AI-based traffic signal system work?

Some More Examples:
 Attendance System

 Time-based (Automation): Students manually mark attendance or attendance is taken at
a fixed time by the teacher. This process is time-consuming and prone to errors.

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