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Human Vision System




                                                                                       bowl, oranges,
                                                                                       bananas, lemons,
                                                                                         peaches



                                                    Eye                     Brain
                                          (sensing device responsible for capturing   interpreting device responsible for
                                              images of the environment)  understanding the image content

                                                       Computer Vision System



                                                                                              bowl, oranges,
                                                                                             bananas, lemons,
                                                                                               peaches



                                       Input          Sensing device   Interpreting device      Output

                 How does computer vision work?
                 The two technologies required to accomplish this are:

                   Machine Learning (Deep Learning)

                   Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
                 Machine learning enables a computer to understand the context of visual data by using algorithmic

                 models. To achieve this, enough data needs to be fed through the model so that the computer can
                 teach itself to recognise images.

                 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) helps a machine learning model to process the image by
                 breaking it down into pixels. It then transforms it into digital data by applying algorithms before
                 comparing the captured images with those stored in the database. These systems are used to
                 identify an individual based on their facial features like spacing of eyes, ears, chin, etc.
                 Examples of AI applications based on computer vision:

                   Face recognition systems used at workplace and schools to mark attendance.

                   Biometric software is used by law enforcement agencies to scan faces in CCTV footages.
                   Image enabled searches are initiated at online shopping websites using your camera.

                    Selfie-based authentication is initiated for banking and payments app using face recognition
                   technology.


                 NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING
                 Natural Language Processing (NLP) is the ability of an AI system to understand human language

                 as it is spoken. Computer cannot understand the language we speak. Hence, we need software
                 and programming languages to communicate with the computer.


                                                                                 Artificial Intelligence and Its Domains  101
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