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EVOLUTION OF


                                                                 COMPUTERS








              EARLY COUNTING TOOLS


              Since ancient times, people have invented tools for calculations. Early man tied knots in

              a rope and carved marks on clay to keep the records. They also used to count with the
              help of fingers, toes, pebbles, stones, sticks, bones, etc.


              ABACUS—FIRST CALCULATING DEVICE


              The  first step  towards  computing  was  the  invention  of  Abacus

              around 3000 years ago, in China. It is a wooden frame with beads
              on parallel wires which can do simple calculations like addition and

              subtraction.
                                                                                                       Abacus
              PASCALINE ADDING MACHINE


              In 1642, a mathematician,  Blaise Pascal

              invented the calculating machine called the

              Pascaline adding machine. This device
              is believed to be the  first  mechanical
              calculator of the world. This machine was

              capable of performing only  addition  and                        Pascaline               Blaise Pascal

              subtraction.


              CHARLES BABBAGE’S ANALYTICAL ENGINE


              In  1822,  Charles Babbage, a mathematician, developed  a
              steam-driven calculating machine, which was the size of a room,
              which he called the Difference Engine. But even after working on

              this project for 10 years, this machine never became a reality.

              In 1833, he invented a machine called the Analytical Engine, the

                                                                                                   Charles Babbage




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