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    Reset Button                                      Digital I/O Pins

                                                                                           Power LED Indicator
                                       USB Connector

                                    Voltage Regulator
                                                                                           Microcontroller
                                          Power Port
                                                                                           Analog Input Pins
                                                                     Power Pins

                      Here are some essential hardware components of the Arduino UNO board:

                          Reset Button: This button restarts the Arduino by stopping the current program and starting
                         it from the beginning.

                          USB Connector: The USB connector is a communication interface that allows data transmission
                         between the Arduino and the host computer and supplies 5V power to the board.
                          Voltage Regulator: The voltage regulator is an onboard component that ensures stable output

                         voltage for the microcontroller and peripherals.
                          Power Port: The power port is an external DC input interface that allows the board to receive
                         voltage from a separate power source (7-12V).

                          Digital I/O Pins: The digital I/O pins are used to read digital inputs or output HIGH/LOW signals.
                          Analog Input Pins: The analog input pins are connected to the ADC and convert analog signals

                         from sensors into digital values (0-1023).
                          Power Pins: Power pins  are fixed  voltage  terminals  used  to  distribute  electrical  power to
                         connected components. These include the 5V and 3.3V regulated output pins, GND for electrical
                         grounding and VIN for receiving unregulated input voltage.

                          Power LED Indicator: The power LED indicator shows the board is powered and operational.

                          Microcontroller: The microcontroller is the core processing
                         unit  of the  Arduino  UNO.  It is  an integrated  circuit  that
                         contains  a central processor, flash  memory,  static  RAM,       The Arduino UNO uses the
                         EEPROM, input/output  ports,  timers  and communication           ATmega328P microcontroller.
                         modules.

                       RAPID RECALL                             Tick ( ) if you know this.

                          1.  A simulation is the process of testing and visualising how a circuit works in a virtual
                              environment.

                          2.  A microcontroller is a small, programmable chip that functions as the brain of an
                              electronic device.

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