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Reset Button Digital I/O Pins

Power LED Indicator
USB Connector

Voltage Regulator
Microcontroller
Power Port
Analog Input Pins
Power Pins

Here are some essential hardware components of the Arduino UNO board:

Reset Button: This button restarts the Arduino by stopping the current program and starting
it from the beginning.

USB Connector: The USB connector is a communication interface that allows data transmission
between the Arduino and the host computer and supplies 5V power to the board.
Voltage Regulator: The voltage regulator is an onboard component that ensures stable output

voltage for the microcontroller and peripherals.
Power Port: The power port is an external DC input interface that allows the board to receive
voltage from a separate power source (7-12V).

Digital I/O Pins: The digital I/O pins are used to read digital inputs or output HIGH/LOW signals.
Analog Input Pins: The analog input pins are connected to the ADC and convert analog signals

from sensors into digital values (0-1023).
Power Pins: Power pins are fixed voltage terminals used to distribute electrical power to
connected components. These include the 5V and 3.3V regulated output pins, GND for electrical
grounding and VIN for receiving unregulated input voltage.

Power LED Indicator: The power LED indicator shows the board is powered and operational.

Microcontroller: The microcontroller is the core processing
unit of the Arduino UNO. It is an integrated circuit that
contains a central processor, flash memory, static RAM, The Arduino UNO uses the
EEPROM, input/output ports, timers and communication ATmega328P microcontroller.
modules.

RAPID RECALL Tick ( ) if you know this.

1. A simulation is the process of testing and visualising how a circuit works in a virtual
environment.

2. A microcontroller is a small, programmable chip that functions as the brain of an
electronic device.

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