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Logical operators: Logical operators are used to test and evaluate the conditions. Logical
operators are:

ORDER OF OPERATIONS

Order of Operations refers to the rules that determine the sequence in which calculations are

performed in a formula. The standard order of operations in Excel is as follows:
Parentheses (): Operations inside parentheses are done first.

Exponentiation ^: Exponents are calculated next.

Multiplication * and Division /: These are performed from left to right.
Addition + and Subtraction - : These are done last, also from left to right.

This rule is often remembered using the acronym PEMDAS (Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication
and Division, Addition and Subtraction).

Let’s calculate the result of the formula: =7 + 3 * 3 ^ 2, using the order of operations.
Step 1 Excel first calculates the exponent 3 ^ 2 = 9.

Step 2 Next, it performs the multiplication 3 * 9 = 27.

Step 3 Finally, it adds 7, 7 + 27 = 34.
Result: 34

CELL REFERENCING IN FORMULAS AND ITS TYPES

Cell referencing means using the address of a cell in a formula to get its value. This makes your
formulas smart—if the value in the referenced cell changes, the formula will update automatically.
There are three main types of cell references in Excel.

RELATIVE CELL REFERENCE

This is the most basic type of reference. When you copy or move a formula, the reference will
change relative to its position.

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Excel in Excel