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Operator Description
< Checks if the left value is less than the right value.

> Checks if the left value is greater than the right value.

<= Checks if the left value is less than or equal to the right value.

>= Checks if the left value is greater than or equal to the right value.

LOGICAL OPERATORS

Logical operators are used to combine multiple conditions in a query. These operators allow
you to create complex queries. They include the following types:

Operator Description

AND Returns TRUE if both conditions are true.
OR Returns TRUE if at least one condition is true.

Reverses the logical state of its operand, returning TRUE if the
NOT
condition is FALSE and vice versa.

SPECIAL OPERATORS

Some special operators in SQL are as follows:

Operator Description

ALL Returns TRUE if all of the subquery values meet the condition.

ANY Returns TRUE if any of the subquery values meet the condition.
Used to indicate a range which otherwise is done using relational
BETWEEN
operators.
EXISTS Returns TRUE if the subquery returns one or more records.

SQL CONSTRAINTS

SQL constraints are used to define rules for table data. These rules control the data that
can be stored in a column. Constraints are used to restrict the types of data that can be entered
into a table.

Some different types of constraints include:
NULL constraint: The NULL constraint allows a column to store NULL values. If no value is
provided during insert or update, it does not cause an error.

NOT NULL constraint: The NOT NULL constraint specifies that a column must have a value.
Records cannot be inserted or updated without providing a value for this column.

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