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When you were a child, you were taught about alphabets and numbers. Do you still remember
                  it?  How?  This is because these  were  stored  in  your  memory.  Just  like human  memory,
                  computers also have memory to store all the data and instructions for performing various
                  tasks.

                  Data and Information


                  In your daily life, you come across a lot of facts and figures in the form of numbers, images,
                  etc. These are called data. You can say that a collection of raw and unorganised facts is
                  known as data. When you organise the data and provide a specific context, it can be called
                  information.

                  Memory


                  The data and instructions that are entered into the computer using input devices are to be
                  stored inside the memory. There are two types of memory:
                  1. Primary Memory

                  2. Secondary Memory
                  Primary Memory

                  This is the main memory of the computer. The CPU can directly access this memory. It is
                  fixed on the motherboard of the computer.

                  Primary memory is further divided into two types:
                  1. Random Access Memory (RAM)

                  2. Read Only Memory (ROM)
                  Random Access Memory (RAM)


                  RAM is a temporary memory. The information stored in
                  this memory is lost when the computer is turned off. That
                  is why it is also called volatile memory. It stores data and
                  instructions given by the user and also the results produced by the computer temporarily.


                  Types of RAM:
                  1.  Dynamic RAM (DRAM): It requires continuous power to refresh the data stored.

                  2.  Static RAM (SRAM): It also requires constant power to hold on to data, but it does not
                     need to be continuously refreshed the way DRAM does.

                    However, SRAM is significantly faster and uses less power than DRAM.
                  Read Only Memory (ROM)

                  Information stored in ROM is permanent in nature, that is, it holds the data

                  even if the system is switched off. It holds the starting instructions that
                  are required to start a computer. It is also called non-volatile memory.

                       8     Computer Genius (V2.1)-V
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