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Octal Number System

                  The octal number system consists of eight digits from 0 to 7. Hence, the base of octal number system
                  is 8. In this system, the position of each digit represents a power of 8. Any digit in this system
                  is always less than 8. Octal number system is used as a shorthand representation of long binary
                  numbers. The number (841)  is not valid in this number system as 8 is not a valid digit.
                                              8
                  Hexadecimal Number System

                  The hexadecimal number system consists of 16 digits from 0 to 9 and A to F. The letters A to F represent
                  decimal  numbers  from  10  to  15.  The  base  of  this  number  system  is  16.  Each  digit  position  in
                  hexadecimal number system represents a power of 16. For example, the number (764)  is a valid
                                                                                                           16
                  hexadecimal number. It is different from (764)  which is seven hundred and sixty four. This number
                                                                 10
                  system provides shortcut method to represent long binary numbers.

                  Decimal to Binary Conversion

                  To convert a decimal number into a binary number, follow these steps:
                      Divide the decimal number by 2 (the base of the binary number system).

                     Note down the quotient and the remainder.

                     Divide the quotient  obtained  again by 2 and note down  the resulting  quotient  and
                     remainder.

                     Repeat the procedure till you reach a quotient less than 2.

                     List the last quotient and all the remainders (moving from bottom to top). You will get

                     your binary number.

                  Look at the given examples to understand the conversion better.
                  Example 1: Convert the decimal number 26, i.e., (26)  to binary.
                                                                        10

                                          2  26

                                          2   13        0
                                          2    6       1

                                          2    3        0
                                                1       1

                                                            Start listing the last quotient and
                                                            all the remainders from here.

                  The binary equivalent of (26)  is 11010
                                               10
                  In other words, (26)  = (11010)
                                       10          2








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