Page 63 - Computer Science Class 11 Without Functions
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Ans:
            Binary ASCII value       1001100        1001111       1100111        1101111

            Decimal equivalent          76            79             103            111
            Encoded character           L              O              g              o
            The encoded characters are LOgo.

            2.6.2 Indian Scripts Code for Information Interchange (ISCII)

            ISCII was developed during the mid-1980s to encode characters of Indian languages. The Bureau of Indian Standards
                                                                                        8
            adopted it in the year 1991.  It is an 8-bit encoding scheme. So it can represent 2 =256 characters. The first 128
            characters used in ISCII confirm to ASCII coding scheme. It uses the remaining 128 codes for the character set of Indian
            languages. The ISCII standard applies to Devanagari script, Gurmukhi, Gujarati, Odia, Bengali, Assamese, Telugu and
            many other regional languages of India. ISCII is used for data collection by the election commission and maintenance
            of land records. Note that one would require an ISCII keyboard to use the ISCII encoding scheme efficiently,



                   ISCII is used for encoding the data collected by the election commission. It is also used for encoding the land records.



            2.6.3 UNICODE
            Different languages are used in different regions of the world. Over time, several countries came up with standards
            for different languages. Expectedly, these schemes were not compatible with each other. Hence the need was felt for
            a unifying standard resulting in the development of Unicode Transformation Format (UNICODE). UNICODE includes
            symbols from all scripts of the world, including punctuation symbols. Unlike ASCII, which uses a fixed number of seven
            bits to encode a character, there are several UTF formats, such as UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32. The numbers 8, 16, and
            32 signify the minimum number of bytes required to encode a character. For example, UTF-8 code may use one to four
            bytes to encode a character. UTF-8 is widely used for web development.


                   Emojis are represented using UTF-8.
                   l     UTF-16: UTF-16 is a variable-length encoding scheme that uses 1 byte (8-bits)  or 2 bytes (16 bits)  to represent
                       the characters. It is not compatible with ASCII.
                   l   UTF-32: UTF-32 is a fixed-length encoding scheme that uses precisely four bytes to represent the characters.




                    1.  Give full form of the acronyms: ASCII, ISCII
                    2.  Name a variable-length encoding scheme.
                    3.  Find ASCII code for God




                 Let's Summarise


              Ø   The decimal number system uses ten symbols and is known as the base-10 number system.
              Ø   The decimal system's ten most popular symbols are Arabic numerals: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.

              Ø   Face value: The value of a symbol in the number system is called its face value. Thus, in the decimal system,
                  the symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 have the face values zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight,
                  and nine, respectively.




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