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11                                                                         STRINGS














          Chapter Outline


          11.1 Strings                                       11.2 Membership Operator in
          11.3 String Slices                                 11.4 Constructing a New String by Replacing Parts of a String
          11.5 String Methods                                11.6 Case Study



        Introduction

        Data types such as int, float, complex, and bool are called scalar data. In addition to the aforementioned scalar data
        types, we have already seen examples of strings. For instance, we used strings to document our programs and produce
        outputs. In this chapter, we will learn more about strings.

        11.1 Strings

        Python built-in type str enables us to deal with the strings in a Python program. A str instance is a string of text
        enclosed between single or double quotes. In this book, we prefer to use single quotes. Next, we give some examples
        of strings:
         >>> 'Block-A, HouseNo #177, Pitampura, Delhi-110034'
              'Block-A, HouseNo #177, Pitampura, Delhi-110034'
         >>> 'shyam@gmail.com'
              'shyam@gmail.com'
         >>> 'Hello"How are you?"I am good, how are you?'
              'Hello"How are you?"I am good, how are you?'
         >>> print('Hello\nHow are you?\nI am good, how are you?')
              Hello
              How are you?
              I am good, how are you?


               A str instance is a string of text enclosed between single or double quotes.


        Note that a string may include special characters. The preceding example illustrates when a string includes the character
        sequence \n, the print() function transfers the print control to the next line for each occurrence of the character
        sequence \n. When a string is enclosed between single quotes, a double quote mark may be included as part of the
        string. However, to include a single quote ('), it should be preceded by a backslash (\) character. For example,




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