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4 public static void main ()
5 {
6 Scanner sc= new Scanner (System.in);
7 double si,p,r,t;
8 System.out.print("Enter the principal amount: ");
9 p=sc.nextDouble();
10 System.out.print("Enter the rate: ");
11 r=sc.nextDouble();
12 System.out.print("Enter the number of years: ");
13 t=sc.nextDouble();
14 si=(p*r*t)/100.0;
15 System.out.println("Simple Interest: "+si);
16 }
17 }
You will get the following output:
The preceding program executes in a top-down approach which means the program execution starts from the very
first line and ends with the last line of the program in a sequential manner.
7.1.2 Conditional Flow of Control
Sometimes, there may be some situations wherein you need to change the flow of control based on some conditions.
For example:
• Suppose, we need to solve a calculation that will find the income tax from the taxable income of a person. If the
person gets more than 25000/-, then the tax he has to pay is 10% else he has to pay 8%.
• If a number is greater than zero then the number is a positive number, if the number is less than zero then the
number is negative else it is zero.
In the above cases, the program control executes the required statements depending on the condition stated. This
type of control flow is known as the conditional flow of control. To implement the conditional flow of control, Java
provides conditional statements.
7.1.3 Multi-Branching Flow of Control
Sometimes, a situation arises where we need to choose a single action based on a condition and execute the related
block of statements. This type of flow of control is known as multi-branching flow of control. Java provides a switch
statement to use multi-branching flow of control.
115
Conditional Constructs in Java 115

