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7.  What is the output of the following statements?
                       String a = "Java is a programming language\ndeveloped by\t\'James Gosling\'";
                       System.out.println(a);
                   Ans.  Java is a programming language
                       developed by    'James Gosling'
                    8.  Give the output of the following Java statements:
                       (i)  "TRANSPARENT".toLowerCase()               (ii)  "TRANSPARENT".compareTo("TRANSITION")
                   Ans.  (i)  transparent                             (ii)  7
                    9.  Write a Java statement for each to perform the following tasks:
                       (i)  Find and display the position of the last space in a string str.
                       (ii) Extract the second character of the string str.
                   Ans.  (i)  System.out.println(str.lastIndexOf(' '));   (ii)  char ch = str.charAt(1);
                 D.  Assertion and Reasoning based questions.
                       The following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions by selecting the
                       appropriate option given below:
                       a.  Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
                       b.  Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
                       c.  A is true, but R is false.
                       d.  A is false, but R is true.
                    1.  Assertion (A): A string is a sequence of characters enclosed between double quotes.
                        Reason (R): It helps to store a set of characters directly in the object of the String class.
                    2.  Assertion (A): The equals() method is used to compare the contents of two strings.
                        Reason (R): The == operator compares the references of two string objects.
                    3.  Assertion (A): The substring() method can change the original string.
                        Reason (R): substring() method extracts a part of a string from the original string.
                   Ans.  1. a      2. a     3. d
                                                                                                  21 st
                 E.  Case-based questions.                                                      Century   #Experiential Learning
                                                                                                 Skills
                       The substring() method in Java is used to extract a portion of a string. It is a part of the String class and provides a way to create
                       new strings based on a range of characters from an existing string.
                       Syntax: There are two overloaded versions of the substring() method:
                        a. substring(int beginIndex) : Extracts a substring starting from the specified beginIndex to the end of the string.
                         String str = "Hello, World!";
                         String sub = str.substring(7); // "World!"
                        b. substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) : Extracts a substring starting from the specified beginIndex to endIndex 1.
                         String str = "Hello, World!";
                         String sub = str.substring(0, 5); // "Hello"
                    1.  What is the purpose of the substring() method in Java?
                       a.  To modify the original string               b.  To extract a portion of a string
                       c.  To compare two strings                      d.  To reverse a string
                    2.  In which class is the substring() method defined?
                       a.  StringBuffer                                b.  StringBuilder
                       c.  String                                      d.  Arrays
                    3.  Which of the following is a valid use of substring(int beginIndex)?
                       a.  String str = "Hello"; String sub = str.substring();
                       b.  String str = "Hello"; String sub = str.substring(7, 12);
                       c.  String str = "Hello, World!"; String sub = str.substring(7);
                       d.  String str = "Hello, World!"; String sub = str.substring("World");
                    4.  What will be the output of the following code?
                       String str = "Hello, World!";



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