Page 345 - CA_Blue( J )_Class10
P. 345
14 ENCAPSULATION AND
INHERITANCE
Learning Objectives
14.1 Encapsulation 14.2 Access Specifiers
14.3 Scope of Variables 14.4 Inheritance
As you have learnt, that object-oriented programming (OOP) has four basic principles, which are encapsulation,
abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. You have also learnt about abstraction and polymorphism in the previous
chapters of this book. Now, we will learn about encapsulation and inheritance in this chapter.
14.1 ENCAPSULATION
Encapsulation is one of the basic principles of object-oriented programming. It is a process that depicts the idea of
bundling data and functions together. It keeps both data and functions safe from outside interference and misuse, thus
leading to the important OOP idea of data hiding.
Hence, the wrapping up of data members and member methods together into a
single unit is called encapsulation.
Methods Variables
A real-life example is a capsule which protects the drug inside it from getting
contaminated with the dust particles outside.
Example of encapsulation using class:
class encapsulation_example Class
{
int a;
Data Members
String n;
void input (int a1, String n1)
{
a=a1;
n=n1;
} Member Methods
void display ()
{
System.out.println (a);
System.out.println (n);
}
}
343
Encapsulation and Inheritance 343

