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Member methods
void input() : Inputs the word
void count_vowels() : Counts the number of vowels and assigns to vc
void count_consonants() : Counts the number of consonants and assign to cc
void display() : Prints the word, number of vowels and consonants
C. Assertion and Reasoning based questions.
The following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions by selecting the
appropriate option given below:
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true, but R is false.
d. A is false, but R is true.
1. Assertion (A): A class can have multiple class variables.
Reason (R): All instances of a class stores the same value.
2. Assertion (A): In object-oriented programming, methods defined in a class can only access the data of that specific class instance.
Reason (R): This ensures that the data of one instance cannot be accidentally modified by methods operating on another instance.
3. Assertion (A): Abstraction allows focusing on how an object does what it does rather than what it does.
Reason (R): Abstraction is achieved by using abstract classes and interfaces that define the methods a class must implement
without providing the method's implementation.
4. Assertion (A): A constructor is used to initialize objects of a class.
Reason (R): A constructor is a special method that is called automatically when an object is created.
21 st
D. Case-based questions. Century #Experiential Learning
Skills
Ajay is a software developer working on a project to create a system for managing a small online bookstore. He decides to use
object-oriented programming in Java to structure his code. Ajay starts by defining a class called Book to represent the books in the
store. He includes several components in this class, such as attributes, methods, a constructor, and encapsulation techniques.
Here’s the initial version of Sarah’s Book class in Java:
class Book {
static String bookstoreName = "Online Book";
String title;
String author;
double price;
Book(String title, String author, double price)
{
this.title = title;
this.author = author;
this.price = price;
}
void displayDetails()
{
System.out.println("Title: " + title + ", Author: " + author + ", Price: Rs." +
price);
}
void applyDiscount(double discount)
{
this.price -= discount;
}
}
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Class as the Basis of all Computation 289

