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Disadvantages of Object-Oriented Programming
Some of the disadvantages of object-oriented programming are:
• Object-oriented program needs more lines of coding than a procedural-oriented program.
• It needs more memory to execute at a high speed. Thus, its execution is slower than the conventional encoding system.
• It requires intensive testing.
1.3 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POP AND OOP
POP OOP
It divides the programs into small parts known as It divides the program into objects.
methods.
It follows a top-down approach. It follows a bottom-up approach.
It deals with algorithms. It deals with data.
It is less secure. It is more secure.
Examples: C, Fortran Examples: C++, Java
1.4 PRINCIPLES OF OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
These are mainly four principles of the object-oriented programming paradigm. These are:
• Encapsulation • Data Abstraction
• Inheritance • Polymorphism
Let’s learn about them in detail.
1.4.1 Encapsulation
Encapsulation is one of the basic concepts in object-oriented programming. The wrapping up of data members and
member methods together into a single unit is called encapsulation. It means that data can be accessed in the
associated method only and is safe from outside interference and misuse, thus leading to the important concept of
OOP known as data hiding.
A real-life example is a capsule. In general, a capsule is a small case or container,
especially round or cylindrical in shape, which protects the drug inside it from Methods Variables
getting contaminated with the dust particles outside.
Similarly, methods and variables are enclosed within a unit called a class. CLASS
1.4.2 Data Abstraction
The word abstract means existing in thought as an idea but does not
have a tangible existence. For example, while travelling in a car as a
passenger, you think only of reaching the destination. You never think
of how the driver is driving the car by pressing the clutch, brake and
accelerator as and when required. Similarly, in the case of the driver, he
is only concerned with the steering wheel, accelerator, clutch and brake.
But he is least interested in how they execute their functions.
Similarly, in object-oriented programming, the key purpose of
abstraction is to hide the details that are not required from the users.
Data Abstraction is the property by which the essential features of a class are represented without informing about
the background details i.e., non-essential units are hidden from the user. The main purpose of data abstraction is to
reduce the complexity of a program.
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Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming Concepts 15

