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7          {
                   8              System.out.println(a);

                   9              a = a + 2;
                  10          } while(a >= 1);

                  11      }
                  12  }

                 •  Null Loop/Delay Loop: A loop that has no code in its body is called a null loop or empty loop. This type of loop is
                   also known as delay loop as it delays the execution of the program. Using for null loop:

                   1  class null_for
                   2  {

                   3      public static void main()
                   4      {   int i = 1;

                   5          for(i=1; i<=10; i++);
                   6          System.out.println(i);
                   7    }  }

                   Since ending with ";", the loop does not include any statement in its body. So, it is a null loop. Using while loop:

                   1  class null_while
                   2  {

                   3      public static void main()
                   4      {

                   5          int a=-10;
                   6          while(a<=-1)
                   7          {

                   8          }

                   9      }
                  10  }

                 Since the loop does not have any statement in the body. So, it is a null loop. Using do-while loop:

                   1  class null_dowhile
                   2  {

                   3      public static void main()
                   4      {

                   5          int a=1;
                   6          do

                   7          {




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                                                                                              Iterative constructs in Java  159
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