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• Polymorphism: Polymorphism is a core concept in object-oriented programming that allows objects to be treated
as instances of their parent class or as instances of their own class. It enables different classes to be treated through
a unified interface, facilitating flexibility and extensibility in software design.
• Abstraction supports encapsulation: Abstraction helps define the public interface of a class, which includes the
methods through which external code interacts with the object. By focusing on what an object does (abstraction),
developers can design a clean, simplified interface that exposes only the essential functionalities while hiding the
implementation details. This interface serves as the encapsulated part of the class, providing controlled access to
the object's internal state.
• Encapsulation enables abstraction: Encapsulation provides the mechanism for implementing abstraction. By
bundling data and methods within a class and controlling access to them, encapsulation allows developers to
define the abstraction boundaries effectively. It ensures that the internal details of an object are hidden from
external code, promoting a clear separation between the interface (what is exposed) and the implementation (how
it is achieved).
Let’s Revisit
® A computer language is the means by which instructions and data are transmitted to the computer.
® The programming language that breaks down a programming assignment into a group of variables, data structures and sub
programs is called Procedure-Oriented Programming Languages.
® A programming model that depends on the theory of classes and objects, and gives importance on data rather than
functions is known as Object-Oriented Programming.
® The wrapping up of data members and member methods together into a single unit is called encapsulation.
® Data abstraction is the property by which the essential features are shown without knowing the background details.
® Inheritance in Java is the method which allows one class to inherit the properties (data members and member methods) of
another class.
® Polymorphism is the feature of being able to allot a dissimilar meaning so that a variable, a method or an object can have
more than one form.
MIND DRILL
Solved Questions
A. Tick ( ) the correct answer.
1. What is the purpose of computer language?
a. Giving instructions to a computer b. Talk to people
c. Writing programs in computer d. Both a and c
2. Which of the following is a set of statements used to perform a specific task?
a. Statement b. Program
c. Both a and b d. None of these
3. Which of the following is an example of low-level language?
a. Machine language b. C++
c. Java d. Python
4. Which of the following is an example of procedure-oriented language?
a. C++ b. Java
c. FORTRAN d. None of these
1818 Touchpad Computer Applications-X

