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2.1 EVOLUTION OF JAVA
                 In 1991, a programming language called OAK (as there was an Oak tree outside the office of the developers) was
                 developed at Sun Microsystems for their set-top box project. Later, it was renamed Java (derived from Java Coffee,
                 a type of coffee found in Indonesia).

                 Let us consider the different versions of Java year-wise. Java's stable preview release i.e. JDK Beta was available
                 to public and on 23rd May 1995 Sun Microsystems officially released the first version of the Java programming
                 language to the public.. Form there, it kept on evolving gradually.

                                            Sl. No.            Versions              Years
                                              1      JDK Beta                        1995
                                              2      JDK 1.0                         1996
                                              3      JDK 1.1                         1997
                                              4      J2SE 1.2                        1998
                                              5      J2SE 1.3                        2000
                                              6      J2SE 1.4                        2002
                                              7      J2SE 5.0                        2004
                                              8      Java SE 6                       2006
                                              9      Java SE 7                       2011
                                              10     Java SE 8                       2014
                                              11     Java SE 9                       2017
                                              12     Java SE 10 &  Java SE 11        2018
                                              13     Java SE 12 &  Java SE 13        2019
                                              14     Java SE 14  & Java SE 15        2020
                                              15     Java SE 16                      2021
                                              16     Java SE 18 & Java SE 19         2022
                                              17     Java SE 20 & Java SE 21         2023
                                              18     Java SE 22 and Java SE 23       2024



                       Note: JDK stands for Java Development Kit. J2SE stands for Java 2 Standard Edition.


                 There were some major goals in the development of the Java language:
                 •  It should be platform independent and multithreaded.
                 •  It must be dynamic and secure.
                 •  It must be architecture-neutral and handy.
                 •  The program code must be simple and object-oriented.
                 •  The program code should execute with high performance.

                     2.2 TYPES OF JAVA PROGRAMMING
                 There are two types of platforms to write Java Programs: Java Applications and Java Applets.


                 2.2.1 Java Application
                 It is a Java program that runs independently on a computer (Client or Server) without any external help or Internet
                 connections. That is why, Java application is also called a standalone application. MS PowerPoint and MS Word are
                 the examples of standalone application.


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