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Using this technique of writing source code makes it easy to create different objects from a common structure.
                 This common structure is usually called a blueprint or class and the objects that are created are called instances.
                 Java, C++, C#, Python are some commonly known Object-Oriented Programming languages.

                 Principles of Object-Oriented Programming
                 OOP depends on the following principles:                               Definition
                 1.  Data Abstraction                                     A programming  model  that depends  on
                 2.  Inheritance                                          the theory of  classes and  objects, and  gives
                 3.  Polymorphism                                         importance  on data  rather  than functions
                 4.  Encapsulation                                        is known as  Object-Oriented Programming
                                                                          (OOP).
                 They are also called the four pillars of Object-Oriented
                 Programming.
                 Advantages of Object-Oriented Programming

                 Following are the advantages of Object-Oriented Programming:
                 1.  Each and every instance has properties that are exclusively for its own use and cannot be used by other
                    instances. For example, if you have a Car blueprint, you can create many instances of Car with different model
                    names such as Maruti Suzuki, Ford Figo and Ambassador, etc. Thus, a real-world picture can be explained.
                 2.  It uses the concept of re-usability where code is written once and can be used multiple times using different
                    objects.
                 3.  Maintaining and modifying existing code is much easier due to inheritance and polymorphism, which allow for
                    the reuse of existing code with minimal changes.
                 4.  Abstraction and Data hiding maintain the security of data.
                 5.  The concept of Inheritance helps avoid data redundancy by allowing code reuse.
                 Disadvantages of Object-Oriented Programming
                 Following are the disadvantages of Object-Oriented Programming:

                 1.  Object-Oriented program needs more lines of code than Procedure-oriented program.
                 2.  It typically requires more memory to run, and thus, its execution may be slower compared to Procedure-Oriented
                    Programming.
                 3.  It requires intensive testing.
                 4.  Proper planning is necessary for designing effective Object-Oriented programs due to their complexity and
                    structure.

                 1.2.3 Difference between POP and OOP
                 We have learnt about Procedure-Oriented Programming and Object-Oriented Programming. Now let us take a look
                 at the difference between them.


                              Procedure-Oriented Programming               Object-Oriented Programming
                         Programs are divided into small parts known as  Programs are divided into small parts known as
                         functions or methods.                      objects.
                         It uses the concept of Top-Down approach.  It uses the concept of Bottom-Up approach.

                         It deals with Algorithm/Procedures         It deals with data.
                         It is less secure                          It is more secure

                         Examples: C, Fortran                       Examples:  C++, Java



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