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2.4 FEATURES OF JAVA
                 Java is a versatile language and provides many features.
                                                       Simple                  Portable
                                            Object-Oriented                      Robust

                                         High-performance                         Dynamic
                                                    Secure                       Multithreaded

                                                Case Sensitive                 Distributed

                 Let us take a look at some of the features  provided by Java:
                 •  Simple: Java has relatively simple structure and clearly defined syntax, making it easy to learn and use.
                 •  Case Sensitive: Java is a case-sensitive language. In Java, ‘pay’ and ‘PAY’ are not the same. They are interpreted
                    differently.
                 •  Object-Oriented: Java follows the principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), which emphasises the
                    use of classes and objects. This means that Java programs are built around objects that combine both data
                    (attributes) and functionality (methods), promoting code reusability and modularity.
                 •  Platform Independent/Portable: A Java program can run on any platform without making changes to it, which
                    means that the same program will run on Windows, Linux, Macintosh, etc.
                 •  Secure: Java is a secure programming language. It enables us to develop virus-free programs. It also provides
                    different types of authentication techniques which are based on public-key encryption.
                 •  Robust: Java is considered a robust language because it emphasises strong error checking, both at compile
                    time and runtime. It has automatic garbage collection, memory management, and exception handling, which
                    reduce the likelihood of system crashes or memory leaks.
                 •  Multithreaded: Java supports multithreading, which allows programs to perform multiple tasks concurrently.
                    This is particularly useful for applications that require simultaneous operations, such as handling multiple user
                    requests or performing background tasks without affecting the main process.
                 •  Distributed: Java allows its users to divide a program into many parts and store them in different locations.
                    These modules can then be accessed by a programmer sitting on any machine running these codes.
                 •  High Performance:  Java is high performing language as it uses Just-In-Time (JIT) compilers, which optimise the
                    bytecode to machine code at runtime, making the execution faster.
                 •  Dynamic: Java is designed to adapt to an evolving environment. It supports dynamic loading of classes and
                    methods, which allows developers to create adaptable and flexible applications.


                     2.5 ADVANTAGES OF JAVA
                 It had many advantages that made it user friendly, such as:
                 •  Machine Independent: It is designed in such a way that it can execute on any computer regardless of the
                    Operating System installed in it. Thus, we can also say that Java is portable. This is why it became extremely
                    versatile and sought after language for web development.
                 •  Simple programming language: Scripting, compiling and debugging the java program is simple and easy. It
                    follows all the qualities of object-oriented programming such as creating modular programs and reusable code.
                 •  Multi-functional  language: Different types of applications  can be developed  using  Java. Command-line
                    programs, Applets, Swing windows (GUI widget toolkit) are some of the types.
                 •  Economical to maintain: Developing and maintenance of these programs are cheap as we can execute them
                    on any computer with any Operating System.
                 •  Automatic Garbage Collection: Automatic memory management in Java instructs Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
                    to remove unused objects automatically when not required.



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