Page 18 - CA_Blue( J )_Class9
P. 18

Interpreter
                  An interpreter is also a translator program that converts the source code (high-level language program) into object
                  code (machine language) line by line before executing it. It translates and executes one statement at a time. It
                  displays the errors one line at a time and it goes to the next line only after the error is corrected.


                       1.2 PROGRAMMING PARADIGMS
                  Programming paradigm refers to an approach used to classify the programming languages based on their features.
                  In  high-level programming  languages,  there are two  types of  programming paradigms: Procedure-Oriented
                  Programming (POP) and Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).

                  1.2.1 Procedure-Oriented Programming
                  Procedure-Oriented Programming is a model for beginners to learn programming. It follows a top-down approach
                  and mainly emphasises on the methods or procedures rather than the data values.
                  Procedure programming splits the programming code into                 Definition
                  events or procedures, also known as functions or methods
                  which contain a series of steps or instructions to be carried   The programming language that breaks down
                  out one after another.                                   a programming assignment into a group  of

                  FORTRAN,  COBOL,  BASIC are  some  commonly known        variables, data structures  and  subprograms
                  Procedure-Oriented Programming languages.                is called  Procedure-Oriented Programming
                                                                           (POP) language.
                  Principles of Procedure-Oriented Programming
                  POP depends on the following principles:
                  1.  It follows a top-down approach.
                  2.  It divides a large program into smaller programs known as functions or methods.
                  3.  It gives step-by-step instructions for execution.
                  Advantages of Procedure-Oriented Programming

                  Following are the advantages of Procedure-Oriented Programming:
                  1.  There are a lot of reliable and tested algorithms.
                  2.  Program flow is easy to follow and understand.
                  3.  A smaller amount of memory is required compared to other programming languages.
                  4.  It uses functions.
                  5.  The programs can be executed on different types of processors.
                  Disadvantages of Procedure-Oriented Programming
                  Following are the disadvantages of Procedure-Oriented Programming:
                  1.  Methods are shared globally; hence, more debugging is required in programs wherever that method is used.
                  2.  It emphasises the operation more than data, thus exposing the data to the entire source code. It reduces data
                     security.
                  3.  It is hard to correlate it with real-world objects.

                  1.2.2 Object-Oriented Programming
                  Object-Oriented Programming is another way of programming.  It follows a Bottom-Up approach and emphasises
                  more on data rather than functions.
                  It splits the program into a number of entities, known as objects. It increases the ability to deal with complex
                  software problems—particularly for developing and maintaining large real-life applications and data  arrangements.




                    16    Touchpad Computer Applications-IX
   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21   22   23