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11


                                                                 COMPUTING AND ETHICS
















                           Learning Objectives


                     11.1 Intellectual Property              11.2 Protection of Individual’s Right to Privacy
                     11.3 Protection Against Spam            11.4 Software Piracy
                     11.5 Cybercrime                         11.6 Hacking
                     11.7 Malicious Intent and Code          11.8 Good Etiquette Practices






                 Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with moral ideologies. It directly addresses the decisions people make in
                 real life and is always concerned with the morals of society and the individuals living in it. It came from the Greek
                 word “ethos”, which means “custom” or “character”. In other words, it is the person’s character and behaviour that
                 define how a person makes decisions in life.

                 In real life, ethical lessons start early in our childhood when our parents and guardians teach us moral values.
                 These values help us to be good and respectful people in society. Ethics play an important role in every field of our
                 lives. It helps us to analyse situations and determine whether a given scenario is right or wrong. This is true even
                 in the field of Information Technology.
                 With the development of information technology, many important processes have shifted to online platforms.
                 For example, business meetings, financial transactions and information transfer. Although moving to an online
                 platform makes these processes more convenient, it also introduces certain challenges, such as increased risks to
                 personal privacy.
                 To use the services of Information Technology fruitfully, we must be very aware of its disadvantages and misuses.
                 The users should be aware of different words such as spam, cybercrime, hacking, piracy, etc. In this chapter, we
                 will explore how ethics play a role in our digital lives.


                     11.1 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
                 Intellectual  property refers to  creations  that originate from  the intellectual  efforts of  an  individual  or group.
                 Intellectual  property  rights grant exclusive  rights to the rightful  owner  of various  types of creations,  such  as
                 musical, artistic, and literary works. These rights are not limited to inventions; they also apply to new discoveries
                 and innovations. Some examples of intellectual property are as follows:
                 1.  Scientific Innovations such as a theory, discovery, invention, software, etc.



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