Page 268 - CA_Blue( J )_Class9
P. 268

2.  Musical work such as lyrics, tunes, etc.
                  3.   Literary and artistic works such as a books, paintings, etc.

                  11.1.1 Intellectual Property Rights
                  Creating something original often requires significant effort and dedication. To protect these creations, certain legal
                  rights, known as intellectual property rights, are in place. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are legal protections
                  granted to individuals or organisations for their creations or inventions. These rights safeguard the original work of
                  creators from misuse and unauthorised access. There are four types of intellectual property rights:

                                                        Intellectual Property Rights





                                  Patents            Trademarks           Copyrights         Trade Secrets

                  1.  Patents: This grants the owner or innovator the exclusive right to produce, use, or sell the invention, typically
                     for up to 20 years from the filing date, depending on jurisdiction.
                  2.  Trademarks: Trademarks are visuals such as symbols, designs or written matter such as words or phrases or
                     even sound that identifies or separates the items or services of one company from another company. Those
                     visuals or written matter cannot be used by any other company. Trademarks are typically valid for 10 years and
                     can be renewed indefinitely for additional 10-years period.
                  3.  Copyright:  Copyright  is  used  for  protecting  different  literary  works,  such  as  different  codes  of  computer
                     programs, databases, novels, poems, musical compositions, etc. Due to this law, the works of authors and
                     musicians last for further seventy years with the author, after their death.
                     Copyright is very helpful in preventing piracy and distribution of content without permission.
                  4.  Trade Secrets: Trade secrets refers to the rights associated with confidential information. This information may
                     be sold or licensed. However, not every secret is confidential enough to be a trade secret. To qualify as a trade
                     secret, the information:
                     a.   should have some sort of monetary value

                     b.   should be known to a limited number of people
                     c.   should be reasonably well secured using confidentiality agreements for the people who have access to
                         the information.


                       11.2 PROTECTION OF INDIVIDUAL’S RIGHT TO PRIVACY
                  The word "privacy" means being free of any public attention. In other words, that person has all the right to keep
                  his or her decisions or actions free of any public attention or influence.

                  11.2.1 Data Privacy
                  Data  Privacy  refers  to  the  proper  handling,  processing,  storage,  and  protection  of  sensitive  data,  including
                  personal, financial, and intellectual property information. It focuses on ensuring that individuals' data is
                  collected and used in compliance with privacy laws, and that unauthorised access or misuse of such data is
                  prevented. These days, information technology has developed so much that we can now do almost anything
                  from the comfort of our homes. For example, we can shop or sell items through e-commerce platforms. Online
                  classrooms have become the current trend these days. While surfing the Internet, one must be very careful
                  about various activities that break the privacy laws. Some of these acts are:
                  1.  Accessing the personal details of some other person such as passwords, etc.
                  2.  Stealing the financial information of others



                   266    Touchpad Computer Applications-IX
   263   264   265   266   267   268   269   270   271   272   273