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Interpreter
An interpreter is also a translator program that converts the source code (high-level language program) into object
code (machine language) line by line before executing it. It translates and executes one statement at a time. It
displays the errors one line at a time and it goes to the next line only after the error is corrected.
1.2 PROGRAMMING PARADIGMS
Programming paradigm refers to an approach used to classify the programming languages based on their features.
In high-level programming languages, there are two types of programming paradigms: Procedure-Oriented
Programming (POP) and Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).
1.2.1 Procedure-Oriented Programming
Procedure-Oriented Programming is a model for beginners to learn programming. It follows a top-down approach
and mainly emphasises on the methods or procedures rather than the data values.
Procedure programming splits the programming code into Definition
events or procedures, also known as functions or methods
which contain a series of steps or instructions to be carried The programming language that breaks down
out one after another. a programming assignment into a group of
FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC are some commonly known variables, data structures and subprograms
Procedure-Oriented Programming languages. is called Procedure-Oriented Programming
(POP) language.
Principles of Procedure-Oriented Programming
POP depends on the following principles:
1. It follows a top-down approach.
2. It divides a large program into smaller programs known as functions or methods.
3. It gives step-by-step instructions for execution.
Advantages of Procedure-Oriented Programming
Following are the advantages of Procedure-Oriented Programming:
1. There are a lot of reliable and tested algorithms.
2. Program flow is easy to follow and understand.
3. A smaller amount of memory is required compared to other programming languages.
4. It uses functions.
5. The programs can be executed on different types of processors.
Disadvantages of Procedure-Oriented Programming
Following are the disadvantages of Procedure-Oriented Programming:
1. Methods are shared globally; hence, more debugging is required in programs wherever that method is used.
2. It emphasises the operation more than data, thus exposing the data to the entire source code. It reduces data
security.
3. It is hard to correlate it with real-world objects.
1.2.2 Object-Oriented Programming
Object-Oriented Programming is another way of programming. It follows a Bottom-Up approach and emphasises
more on data rather than functions.
It splits the program into a number of entities, known as objects. It increases the ability to deal with complex
software problems—particularly for developing and maintaining large real-life applications and data arrangements.
16 Touchpad Computer Applications-IX

