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8.5 MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
There are many built-in methods in Java that help us to perform mathematical tasks quite easily. These built-in methods
are pre-defined functions that are already declared in some packages. To use the built-in functions, we must include
those packages in our program by using the following syntax:

import java.packagename.classname;
For example:

To include the util package which contains the Scanner class, we must use the following at the beginning of the program.
import java.util.*;
These built-in methods are also called library or system methods. There are many types of library or system methods,
e.g., String methods, Mathematical methods, Graphics methods, etc. In this chapter, we will deal with the different
types of Mathematical methods that are frequently used in coding.

To use Mathematical methods in programs, we need to use “Math” class which resides in “java.lang” package. Since
this lang package is included in the program automatically, we do not have to include it separately by writing the
import syntax.

To use it in the program, use the following syntax:
Math. function name(arguments)

8.5.1 Different Mathematical Methods
There are various mathematical built-in methods in Java as listed below:

1. Math.min()
This function finds the minimum number between two number arguments passed to it as parameters.
Example 1: double m=Math.min(23.9,24.32); Output: 23.9

Example 2: int i = Math.min(2,5); Output: 2
Example 3: double d= Math.min(2.7,2); Output: 2.0
[converts to higher datatype]
2. Math.max()
This function finds the maximum number between two number arguments passed to it as parameters.

Example 1: double m=Math.max(23.9,24.32); Output: 24.32
Example 2: int i = Math.max(2,5); Output: 5
Example 3: double d= Math.max(2.7,2); Output: 2.7
3. Math.sqrt()
This function finds the square root of a positive value passed to it as a parameter.

Example 1: double d=Math.sqrt(25); Output: 5.0
Example 2: double d=Math.sqrt(8.1); Output: 0.9
If a negative value is used, the output will be NaN.
Example 3: double d = Math.sqrt(-64); Output: NaN
4. Math.cbrt()

This function finds the cube root of a number passed to it as a parameter. It works on both positive and negative
numbers.
Example 1: double d = Math.cbrt(8.0); Output: 2.0

Example 2: double d = Math.cbrt(-64); Output: -4.0

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