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• Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Python is used to build intelligent systems such as chatbots,
recommendation systems and face recognition software.
• Game Development: Python is used to develop simple games using libraries such as Pygame.
• Automation and Scripting: Python can automate repetitive tasks such as file handling, sending emails and testing
software.
• Scientific and Mathematical Applications: Scientists and researchers use Python for calculations, simulations and
experiments.
• Web Scraping: Python is used to collect information automatically from websites.
• Mobile Application Development: Python can be used to create mobile applications using frameworks such as Kivy.
• Cyber Security: Python is used to develop security tools and test system vulnerabilities.

12.1.2 Important features of Python
Python is a very popular programming language. Let us study some of its important features to find out the reasons
for its popularity:
• High-Level Language: Python is a high-level and general-purpose programming language which simplifies the
process of developing programs. The code written in Python is closer to human language and farther from machine
language.
• Easy to Learn and Use: Python uses simple, English-like statements that are easy to learn and understand.
Beginners can quickly become familiar with its syntax.
• Expressive Language: Python allows programmers to perform complex tasks using fewer lines of code. This makes
programs easier to write and understand.
• Free and Open Source: Python code is developed under an OSI-approved open-source licence, which allows it
to be downloaded free of cost from its official website, https://www.python.org. The code can be modified and
distributed further, even for commercial purposes.
• Cross-platform Language: Python supports multiple platforms, like Windows, Linux, macOS, Raspberry Pi, etc.,
which means code written on one platform can run on another platform with little or no modifications.
• Interpreted Language: Python uses an interpreter where the source code is converted and executed line by line at
a time.
• Object-Oriented Language: Python supports the concept of classes and objects that make its code efficient and
reusable with important features like polymorphism, inheritance, data encapsulation, which help in writing reusable
and organised code.
• Supports GUI: Python supports Graphical User Interface (GUI) which makes its more user friendly and easy for the
programmers to design code.
• Large Standard Library: Python has some built-in modules and packages for doing some standard and common
tasks. These important libraries make it popular, especially in AI-based programs where you need to focus more on
its use than its core design.
• Portability and Compatibility: Python programs can run on different computer systems and operating systems
without significant changes to the code.
• Database and Scalable: Python provides strong support for database operations allowing developers to connect to
databases, manipulate data and execute queries. It also supports the development of applications that can grow in
terms of performance, complexity and data size.

12.1.3 Advantages of Python
Python has various advantages. Here are a few advantages:
• Extensive Library: Python provides a very extensive standard library. This library is enormous and contains almost
all the functions one could ever require.

Installation & IDE and Fundamentals of Python Programming 399