Page 528 - ComputerScience_Class_11

13.1.1 Artificial Intelligence
We know that a computer can perform any job with the utmost accuracy and speed. But it
still faces the disadvantage that it cannot take decisions on its own since it is not as intelligent
as a human being, to think and act accordingly. However, now even this shortcoming is
being tackled using a new field of technology namely ‘Artificial Intelligence’.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is thus the ability of a digital computer to perform tasks that
require human intelligence like reasoning ability, recognising objects, learning from past
experience, developing new ideas and so on.

The earliest work on Artificial Intelligence was done by the British scientist, Alan Turing.
In 1936, he developed the Universal Turing machine which was a pioneering concept. Alan Turing
In 1997, International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), developed a computer with AI named Deep Blue which
was successful in defeating the reigning world champion, Gary Kasparov, in a six-game chess match.
Gradually two programming languages were developed to implement artificial intelligence in computers which are as
follows:
• Lisp (List Processing): It was widely used in the fields of natural languages, theorem proofs and AI programming. It
was developed by John McCarthy who had also coined the term Artificial Intelligence.
• Prolog (Programming in Logic): It is another programming language designed for Artificial Intelligence systems.
It was developed by the French scientist Alain Colmerauer in 1970.
The most popular language used for AI programming now is Python. It has standard libraries with powerful data
analysis tools and easy programming techniques.

Uses of Artificial Intelligence in our daily life
Some of the uses of artificial intelligence in our daily life are as follows:

• Face detection and recognition technology like the FaceID used for unlocking smartphones use AI.
• Text editors like the INK can instantly rephrase any content with a mouse click. INK makes work faster and easier for
writers, bloggers, content writers, etc.
• Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter and Instagram use AI to personalise a person’s feeds, based on his
area of interest and even recommend similar content for browsing.
• Several companies use chat bots for conversing with their customers. These chat bots are designed to converse as
efficiently as their human counterparts (the customer care representatives) using natural language processing.
• Apple’s Siri or Google Assistant offers voice commands, voice searching and voice-activated device controls that
allow us to perform many tasks just by giving commands.
• ChatGPT or Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer is a chatbot that was launched by OpenAI, in November 2022.
AI ChatGPT provides numerous answers to any question asked by the user.

13.1.2 Internet of Things
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an advanced network of interconnected computing devices (things) that have embedded
sensors, software and other technologies designed to connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over
the Internet. It is assumed that currently around 9 billion ‘things’ are connected to the Internet and this number is
expected to grow with time.

The main components of the IoT are:
• Internet Connectivity: It is the primary requirement of the IoT where each object is represented by an IP address.
• Intelligent Real-Time Sensors: They measure and detect physical quantities like pressure, temperature, image,
obstacle, light, radio frequency, etc. and convert them into signals which are then relayed over the Internet for
analysis and action.

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