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iNtroductioN to object-orieNted

ProgrammiNg uSiNg java

4

Learning Objectives

4.1 Computer Language 4.2 Principles of Object-Oriented Programming Languages
4.3 History of Java 4.4 Types of Java Programs
4.5 Creation and Execution of Java Programs using BlueJ 4.6 Errors in Java Programs

Java is a third-generation object-oriented programming language. In 1991, James Gosling and Patrick Naughton of
Sun Microsystems, Inc., known as "The Green Team", started their work on a project of "Interactive Television" where
real-time voting was to be done on-screen and the user could control the show. Initially, they named it "GreenTalk".
Then renamed it "OAK". It was officially renamed "Java" during its release in 1995. It uses object-oriented
technology. Being machine-independent and its ability to provide interactivity and multimedia showed that it
was particularly well suited to develop web technology.

4.1 COMPUTER LANGUAGE
A computer language can be defined as a set of codes and symbols that are used to write computer programs. It is
also known as a programming language. The instructions and data are transmitted to the computer using computer
language. There are two types of computer languages, which are as follows:
• Low-Level Languages
• High-Level Languages

Let us learn about these in detail.

4.1.1 Low-Level Languages (LLL)
Low-level languages are referred to as low as they are very close to the machine. They are machine-oriented and require
extensive knowledge of computer hardware and its configuration. There are two categories of low-level languages (LLL),
which are as follows:
• Machine Language
• Assembly Language

Machine Language
A machine language is also known as machine code and is directly understood by the computer. There is no
requirement to translate it, as all instructions are written in binary form (i.e., strings of 0s and 1s, e.g., 10111010110….).
It is called the first-generation language. However, these languages become difficult for programmers to understand.
So, they shifted to assembly language.

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