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Image: Photographs, illustrations, and infographics are examples of images that can be used in
graphic design. Large visuals can capture your audience’s attention and express messages
without the use of writing.

Line: A line is the connection between two locations in space. Lines, whether horizontal, diagonal,
or vertical, can help direct the attention to a certain place in your composition. They can also be
used to define sections or visual aspects of your layout.

Shape: A shape, in its most basic form, is a two-dimensional area bordered by an outline. Organic
shapes are those that occur naturally in the world, geometric shapes are those that are angular
and mathematically consistent, and abstract shapes are those that represent things in nature but
aren’t precisely representative. In layout design, circles, squares, or any other shape can be used
to add graphic components to a page, highlight text, or designate space between other visual
elements.

White space: In layout design, the blank space between parts can be as crucial as the visual
elements themselves. The spacing between elements can draw attention to them and make them
stand out.

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