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V. 1. User-centred design (UCD) is a design approach that places the user’s needs and experiences at the heart
of the product development process. The main aspects of UCD include understanding user goals, creating
intuitive designs, and ensuring accessibility. UCD emphasizes designing interfaces that are easy to navigate,
engaging, and responsive to diverse user needs. This approach allows products to provide real value,
improving usability and satisfaction. By focusing on UCD, designers can create interfaces that are relevant,
functional, and enjoyable, leading to a more positive user experience.
2. There are several types of user interfaces, each suited to different user needs.
l A menu-driven interface guides users through structured options, as seen in ATMs.
l The command interface allows users to enter text commands, common in programming environments.
l Graphical User Interfaces (GUI), such as Instagram, use icons and visual elements for intuitive navigation.
l Voice-controlled UIs enable hands-free interaction, like Amazon Alexa.
l Finally, gesture-based UIs respond to physical gestures, such as swiping or pinching on mobile devices.
3. Examples of feedback include a confirmation message after form submission, error alerts when incorrect
information is entered, or visual cues like button animations. Feedback ensures that users understand the
system’s response, building confidence and reducing confusion. It guides users through their tasks, helping
them feel more in control of the interface. By offering clear feedback, designers create a more supportive and
responsive user experience, enhancing satisfaction and reducing frustration.

4. User personas are fictional profiles that represent specific user types, based on demographics, goals,
preferences, and potential challenges. They help designers empathize with users and anticipate their needs,
ensuring that the product is relevant and accessible. A persona profile typically includes characteristics like
age, occupation, tech-savviness, goals, and pain points. For example, a persona for a food delivery app
might describe a busy professional who values quick meal options. By using personas, designers focus on
meaningful features, aligning the product with user expectations and improving overall user satisfaction.
5.
Static Interface Dynamic Interface

A static interface serves a single, specific function A dynamic interface supports multiple functions
and typically does not offer multiple uses. within the same product.
Static interfaces prioritise simplicity Dynamic interfaces focus on flexibility and
multifunctionality, catering to broader user
expectations.

For example, a frying pan has a defined use for A smartphone is very versatile as it allows users to
cooking and requires minimal instruction. browse the internet, take photos, make calls, and more.

VI. 1. A menu-driven interface with a simple graphical user interface (GUI) would be suitable for a banking app.
The menu-driven interface simplifies navigation, guiding users through options like checking balances and
making transfers. GUI elements like icons and buttons provide an intuitive experience, making the app
accessible for users of all ages, including those less familiar with technology.
2. Ergonomic considerations would include making the remote control lightweight, with large, easy-to-press
buttons. The shape should be designed for a comfortable grip, and a non-slip surface would help users hold
it securely. These features accommodate limited hand strength, making the remote easy and comfortable
for older adults to use.
3. (i) (c) A is true but R is false.
(ii) (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

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