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BRAINY
Indian researchers have created an eco-friendly smart screen out of groundnut shells. The screen can F
A
manage the amount of light and heat that passes through it, reducing the need for air conditioning. C
T
Prof Yuvraj Singh Negi's team at IIT Roorkee created a gadget that can be used for a variety of
purposes, including energy conservation by managing the amount and window of infrared light
that is allowed to pass.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA)
On October 2, 2014, the Prime Minister of India launched the Swachh Bharat Mission to accelerate efforts
to attain universal sanitation coverage and to focus attention on sanitation. Under the project, all villages,
Gram Panchayats, Districts, States, and Union Territories in India pledged to be open defecation free (ODF)
by October 2, 2019, the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, by constructing over 100 million toilets
in rural India.

To ensure that open defecation free behaviour is maintained and that solid and liquid waste management
facilities are available, the Mission is progressing to the next Phase II of SBMG, namely ODF-Plus. Under Phase
II of the Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen), ODF Plus activities will reinforce ODF behaviour and focus on
providing interventions for the safe management of solid and liquid waste in villages.

National Green Tribunal (NGT)
The National Green Tribunal, functions similar to a court in disputes involving environmental preservation,
forest conservation and other natural resource conservation. It adjudicates environmental disputes and may
levy substantial fines on those who cause environmental harm, take action to stop and rectify environmental

damage, or even imprison such individuals. For example, in March 2020, Jindal Power Limited (JPL) and
Coal India's, South Eastern Coalfields (SECL) were found guilty of causing environmental harm in Raigarh
by the National Green Tribunal (NGT) and sentenced to pay 160 crore as damages. This was the first time
accountability was determined based on the damages caused and who committed them.

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