Page 191 - Design Thinking C11

7. It helps focus your ideas on one core value like teamwork or sharing, making the design more targeted and
meaningful.
8. It may lead to conflicts, confusion, or exclusion, making users feel uncomfortable or ignored.
9. The value of secondary research during Capstone design project development lies in its ability to provide a
broader understanding of the problem context before designing solutions. By studying articles, reports, and
data from other projects, students gain valuable insights that support their primary findings and make their
designs more informed, innovative, and practical. In short, secondary research gives a strong foundation to
build smarter, more user-focused solutions.

10. Empathy makes sure the design is not just beautiful but also useful and caring toward the people who will
use it.
V. 1.

Primary Research Secondary Research
Primary research is gathered first-hand by the Secondary research involves collecting information
designer through direct interaction with users— from existing sources such as articles, books,
such as interviews, observations, and surveys. government reports, online databases, or previous
studies.

It gives specific, user-centered insights into people’s It provides a broad understanding of the background,
behaviours, needs, and challenges. trends, and context related to the design problem.

Primary research provides original, real-world data Secondary research saves time and offers context.
for more targeted and effective solutions.

2. The four attributes are Interpersonal, Collaborative, Co-operative, and Sharing and Giving. Interpersonal
involves communication and understanding. Collaborative encourages teamwork and co-creation.
Co-operative ensures fairness through organized contribution. Sharing and Giving promotes generosity and
empathy. Selecting the right attribute helps focus the design on behaviors that strengthen social bonds and
improve the usability of shared spaces.
3. Designing with empathy focuses on real human needs, ensuring that solutions are caring and relevant.
While creativity may make a design appealing, it may miss addressing users’ challenges. Empathy ensures
usefulness and inclusiveness, resulting in designs that make a genuine difference in shared spaces and the
lives of those who use them.
4. Cooperative design focuses on organized participation, where everyone contributes fairly. For example,
a library booking system ensures each class gets equal time without conflicts. It teaches responsibility,
reduces misunderstandings, and helps maintain harmony. This kind of design is essential in schools and
communities where shared use of limited resources is necessary.
5. Understanding both emotions and behaviors gives a complete picture of the user’s experience. While
behavior shows what users do, emotions reveal why they do it. For example, if users avoid a space, it’s
important to know whether it’s because of fear, confusion, or discomfort. This dual understanding enables
more effective and humane design.
VI. 1. The Collaborative attribute would be most useful. A redesigned board with sections managed by different
groups (teachers, students, clubs) encourages teamwork and shared responsibility. This allows everyone to
contribute to communication and makes the space more interactive and organized.
2. (b) Convert one corner into a “Silent Reading Zone” with soft seating
3. (c) Create anonymous idea cards to ensure everyone feels safe sharing

Design Project: Design for Social Spaces—Through Empathy Building
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