Page 25 - Design Thinking C11

Active and Passive Voices
Sentences can be structured in two ways: active and passive voices. Understanding these voices helps
improve sentence structure and clarity in writing.
Active Voice: The subject of the sentence performs the action.
Example: “The cat chased the mouse.”

(The subject “cat” is doing the action.)
Passive Voice: The subject of the sentence receives the action.
Example: “The mouse was chased by the cat”.

(The subject “mouse” is receiving the action.)
Types of Sentences—Classification III
There are four types of sentences: declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, and imperative as shown in
the table:

Declarative Sentence Interrogative Sentence Exclamatory Sentence Imperative Sentence

It conveys information It always asks a An exclamatory These sentences convey an
or expresses a fact. It question and ends with statement conveys order, instruction, request,
always terminates with a question mark (?). a powerful emotion, or word of advice. It can be
a full stop (.). This is the such as joy, grief, terminated with a full stop
most typical type of terror, or wonder. It is or an exclamation mark (.
sentence. always followed by an or !).
exclamation mark (!).
Examples Examples Examples Examples

We own a cat. Are you hungry? Yippee! I passed the test. Cook the vegetables.
She has finished reading Did she pass the Alas! I lost my bag. Complete this work by
that book. exam? tomorrow.

Construction of a Paragraph
A paragraph is a group of related sentences that develop a single main idea. It typically consists of three main
parts: a topic sentence, supporting sentences, and a concluding sentence. The topic sentence introduces
the main idea of the paragraph and sets the direction for the reader. The supporting sentences provide
explanations, examples, or details that expand on the topic sentence. These sentences should be logically
connected, maintaining a smooth flow of ideas. Finally, a concluding sentence summarizes the paragraph
or provides a transition to the next one.
When constructing a paragraph, it is essential to ensure coherence and unity. Coherence means that the
sentences are arranged in a logical order, making the paragraph easy to read and understand. This can
be achieved through the use of transition words such as firstly, moreover, therefore, and however. Unity
ensures that every sentence in the paragraph relates to the main idea, avoiding unnecessary or unrelated
information.
For example, if writing a paragraph about your school, the topic sentence might introduce the school’s
name and location. The supporting sentences can describe its size, number of students, facilities, and special
programs. Finally, the concluding sentence could summarize why the school is important or enjoyable. By
following this structure, a paragraph becomes clear, well-organised, and effective in conveying ideas.

Communication Skills-IV
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