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V. 1. The following are the five phases of active listening.
(a) Receiving: This involves paying attention to the speaker and actively taking in the information being
communicated without distractions.
(b) Understanding: This means comprehending the message by interpreting words, tone, and non-verbal
cues correctly.
(c) Remembering: This refers to retaining and recalling key information from the conversation when
needed.
(d) Evaluating: This is the process of analysing and assessing the message to determine its validity,
importance, and relevance.
(e) Responding: This involves providing feedback through verbal or non-verbal means to show that the
message has been received and understood.
2. Feedback is vital in communication since it allows the sender to determine whether or not the receiver
understood the message. Feedback can be either positive or negative. However, in both circumstances, one
must be respectful so that the person receiving the input doesn’t get hurt or insulted.
3. Communication is a two-way process in which information or messages are communicated between
individuals through the use of words, symbols, signs, or behaviour. The components of communication
that help us comprehend others are speaking, listening, reading, and writing. To learn a language, four
fundamental skills must be developed: listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
Communication requires a sender who encodes and transmits a message across a channel, and a receiver
who decodes the message and provides feedback.
4. Following are the factors that influence active listening:
• Eye Contact: Eye contact is a must while communicating. It is one of the most important parts of communication.
Maintaining eye contact with the person you’re speaking to communicates to the speaker, “Yes, I’m
talking to you or listening to you.” Avoiding eye contact could indicate that you do not want to hear what
the person speaking to you is saying. Avoiding eye contact may also depict lack of confidence.
• Avoiding distractions: You must first identify the sources of your diversions. To listen properly, you must
physically remove all distractions. Reduce the ringtone on your mobile or turn it off while attending a
meeting or listening to someone to avoid distraction. Another example is that you should avoid regularly
checking your Instagram/Whatsapp messages.
5. Object is the receiver of the action performed by the subject in a sentence.
The object in a sentence can be either direct or indirect. Let us understand both.

Direct object • a noun or pronoun receiving the action
• generally preceded by the verb
• does not depend on the indirect object
Indirect Object • a noun/pronoun that receives the direct object.
• generally preceded by prepositions
• depends on the direct object

Sentence Direct Object Indirect Object
He gave his son a present. present son
The little boy drew his teacher a picture. picture teacher

My sister bought me some chocolates. chocolates me

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