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End Effector
End effector is fixed at the end of the manipulator. Manipulators are usually fixed and End effectors
are the parts that are free to move and perform tasks. They are expected to perform the tasks
similar to those of human fingers and palm of a human hand. The end effectors usually do the work.
They are attached to the robot's wrist and controlled through a computer.
Different types of End Effectors
There are mainly two categories of end effectors which are grippers and tools. Gripper, at the end of
a robotic arm, is the most commonly used end effector in various robots like Mars rovers which may
use hammers and shovels. On the other hand, Medical robots have specialised end effectors such as
tools for cutting in surgery and suturing incisions.
Locomotion Device
Human beings use muscles to give movements to their arms, palms and fingers. For a robot, the
power for movement comes from motors. Three fuels are used in locomotion, depending on the
energy source.
There are three widespread types of Locomotive devices.
Electric: This uses magnets and electric current to facilitate movement. They are noiseless and
easy to program.
Hydraulic: This uses oil to facilitate movement. They are used in heavy machinery, which includes
mining and construction equipment.
Pneumatic: This uses air to facilitate movement. They are used in Rock drills, pavement breakers,
paint sprayers, etc.
Parts of Robots 105

