Page 109 - Ganit Kaushal

Make a table and enter the data using tally marks. Find the number that appeared

(a) The minimum number of times. (b) The maximum number of times.
(c) An equal number of times.
Sol. Let us prepare a table using tally marks.

Numbers appearing on dice Tally marks Number of times
1 |||| || 7
2 |||| | 6
3 |||| 5
4 |||| 4
5 |||| |||| | 11
6 |||| || 7
Total 40

(a) The number that appeared the minimum number of times is 4 (appeared 4 times).
(b) The number that appeared the maximum number of times is 5 (appeared 11 times)
(c) Numbers that appeared an equal number of times are 1 and 6. Each of the numbers 1 and 6 appeared
7 times.

4.4 PICTOGRAPH

A pictograph represents data through pictures of objects. It helps in answering the questions about data with
just a glance. They are very useful in attracting attention and are very easily understood.
Drawing a Pictograph

To draw a pictograph, follow these simple steps:

1. Choose a Symbol: Decide on an engaging picture or symbol that will represent the data. For
instance, you might use an apple icon to represent students who like apples, a banana for those who
prefer bananas and so on.
2. Decide the Value of Each Symbol: If the frequency of a variable is high, then choose a scale
for what each picture or symbol will represent. For example, one apple picture might represent
5 students. This is called the key of the pictograph.
3. Draw the Pictograph: Create a table or chart with categories listed on one side (e.g., Apple, Banana,
Orange). Draw the appropriate
number of symbols next to each Remember
category based on the data collected. Tips for Drawing Pictographs
If one apple picture represents 1. Make sure the symbols are clear and easily recognisable.
5 students and 15 students like 2. Keep the key simple (usually a common factor to all
apples, then draw 3 apple pictures. frequencies) and easy to understand.
4. Include a Key: Always include 3. Use the same size for each symbol to avoid confusion.
a key at the top or bottom of the 4. Ensure that the value of each symbol is clearly
mentioned in the key.
pictograph. The key tells us what Pictographs are a fun and effective way to present data,
each picture represents (e.g., “ especially when dealing with young learners or when you
= 5 students”). want to make the data visually engaging.

Data Handling and Presentation 107