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Perimeter and

6 Area

6.1 INTRODUCTION Learning Outcomes

Have you ever thought of how much space a garden takes By the end of this chapter, students will be able to:
up or how long a fence you would need to go around it? • Understand the meaning of perimeter and area
These are real-world questions that can be answered by and differentiate between them.
learning about perimeter and area. • Calculate the perimeter of simple 2D shapes
such as squares, rectangles, and triangles using
In this chapter, we will dive into the concepts of appropriate formulas.
perimeter and area of various shapes. We’ll start with • Determine the area of basic geometric shapes,
basic shapes such as squares, rectangles, and triangles, including squares, rectangles, and triangles.
and learn formulae to calculate their perimeter and area. • Derive and apply formulae to solve real-life
We’ll also explore some practical examples to see how problems involving perimeter and area.
these concepts apply in our everyday lives. • Develop problem-solving skills through word
problems and practical applications.
6.2 PERIMETER OF PLANE FIGURES

Before coming to the perimeter of plane figures, let us first define a few standard plane figures.

Look at the following figures. These figures are drawn by a pencil, without lifting it. Such figures are called
curves.

A smoothly flowing line, which may not be straight with no sharp edges, is called a curve in Mathematics.
Simple Curves

If a curve does not cross itself, then it is called a simple curve. In the figures given above (i), (ii), (iv), and (v)
are simple curves, whereas (iii) and (vi) are not simple.

Types of Curves

Curves are classified into two types:
(i) Open curves (ii) Closed curves

Open Curves: Open curves are defined as curves whose ends do not meet or join. In the figures shown above,
(ii) and (iv) are open curves.

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