Page 9 - Ganit Kaushal

Patterns in

1 Mathematics

1.1 INTRODUCTION Learning Outcomes

Patterns are everywhere in nature around us! They can By the end of this chapter, students will be able to:
be seen everywhere, from growing plants to the petals • Identify and describe patterns in numbers, shapes,
and daily life.
of flowers, stripes of a zebra, the way birds fly and in the • Classify patterns as repeating, growing, or
arrangement of leaves in trees. shrinking.
In mathematics, patterns help us understand relationships, • Create and extend different types of patterns using
numbers and shapes.
make predictions, and solve problems. Observing • Solve problems by analysing, predicting and
and identifying patterns not only sharpens our logical applying pattern rules.
thinking but also makes learning mathematics a fun and • Develop logical reasoning and observational skills
engaging experience. through pattern recognition.

Flower Petals Growing Plants Pattern Leaf Arrangement Flying Birds Zebra Stripes

Opposite Alternate Whorled

Before we go deep into patterns and sequences, let us recall a little about numbers and their basic operations
that we have studied in our earlier classes.
Natural numbers: The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, .... are called natural numbers.

We also know these numbers as counting numbers.

Whole numbers: Natural numbers together with 0 are called whole numbers.
Thus, whole numbers are: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ....

• Negative numbers like –1, and –5 are not whole numbers.

• Decimals like 2.5 are not whole numbers.

Digits: Symbols used to represent a number are called digits. There are ten digits in all (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
and 9) that are used to represent any number.

We already know about the multiplication of numbers. Let us learn about the powers of natural numbers using
multiplication.

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