Page 6 - IT 402 v2.0 class 10
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INSIDE THE SERIES




            The key features of the series have been designed to ensure better learning, assessment, and evaluation.

                                            Learning Resources


           Around 1992, Linux kernel was combined with the not-quite-complete GNU system resulting   Linus Torvalds  Notes    It is user friendly operating system.    Windows 7     Windows 8
                                                                                       Windows Vista
                                                                                       Windows 10
                                                                                              Windows Server 2008
            he first fully functional  ersion of  inux was released in     . At the time of the release of
                                                                                              Windows 11
            ersion  . , it was decided that  inux  ernel code would remain an open source and any one
                                                                                    October 5, 2021.
           in GNU-Linux Operating System.
             he free a ailability of the code has led to fast impro ement in the de elopment of  inux  perating  ystem.
                                                                                    Features of Windows
           who wants to use and modify it would get it free of cost.
                                              This section contains additional
                                                                                     Among  all  its  versions,  Windows  11  is  the  latest  version  of  Windows  Operating  System  released  on
                ernel is the computer program that constitutes the core of operating system.
                ernel is the computer program that constitutes the core of operating system.
                ernel is the computer program that constitutes the core of operating system.
                                                                                      It is available in GUI (Graphical User Interface) form.
            Linux is impro ing e eryday because    Professionals from all o er the world are contributing to its code out   information to enrich the subject.   GNU-Linux is a popular operating system that comes in various distributions. Some of
              N ot e s
                                                                                      It provides ‘Multi tasking’ feature that means many applications can be opened at the same point of time.
                                                                                      It is network friendly, i.e., it provides easy accessibility to internet and to LAN.
                                                                                   GNU-Linux
                                                                                      In Windows, using and removing peripheral devices can be done easily.
             A  inux distribution  also called      inux distribution  is a member of the family of  nix like software
                                                                                     It supports the latest graphics, sound and multimedia software to run on it.
             of curiosity, experiment and social  alue.
             distributions that is built on  inux kernel.  uch distributions  often called distros  e en consist of a collection
             of software applications such as word processors, spreadsheets, media players, database applications, ser ers
             Distributions of Linux                                                system started in 1991.
              inux distributions are a ailable in wide  ariety of forms, from fully featured desktop and ser er operating
                                                                                   the Linux distributions are Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Debian, Arch Linux, elementary OS. Linux
                                                                                   operating system is similar to Windows operating system with some exceptional features
               ill     , it is assumed that there are o er se en hundred types of  inux distributions.   er three hundred
                                                                                   that make it a useful and flexible operating system.  evelopment of  inux operating
              of those are under de elopment which are constantly being re ised and impro ed.  ome well known  inux
             software, etc.          BOSS              Do  you Know?             release its developed version to others.
             systems to simple operating system.
                                                                                  Linux operating system comes in open source, i.e., its programming code is available free. The free availability
                                                        This  section  contains
                                                                                  of the code has led to fast improvement in the development of Linux operating system. Any one can use it
                                                                                  around the world.
                                                                                  and add features to it to enhance its functionality to suit his needs. One can also redesign it and distribute or
                                     Fedora
              distributions are:    Solaris     Ubuntu  a fact about the topic.  History of Linux
               ndian distribution of       is        harat  perating  ystem  olutions  that has been recently de eloped
                           SUSE
                                                                                   nother significant feature of  inux is that it is  uite reliable and if bug occurs  one can easily contact the
               by   A    entre for  e elopment of Ad anced  omputing ,  ndia and is being promoted by  inistry of
                Slackware     Red Flag
                                                                                  open source community and resolve the problem. It is the backbone of many major computing centers
                o t. of  ndia for use and appliance in  ndia.  t can be freely downloaded from the website  www.bosslinux.in .
                Mandrake                                                        create a free version of UNIX operating system but was not fully completed.
                Red Hat
                                                                                 commercially available.
                                                                                 In  1969,  Ken  Thompson  and  Dennis  Ritchie  developed  a  small  general  purpose  operating  system  called
                                                                                 UNIX. Around 1974, UNIX was licensed to universities for educational purposes which after a few years was
                                                                                  Do you know?
                                                                                 In 1984, Richard’s Stallman’s Free Software Foundation (FSF) began the GNU (Genuinely Not Unix) project to
                   t is a   ulti tasking  operating system, that means many applications can be opened at the same point of
                 ollowing are the features of  inux  perating  ystem           it as Linux.    ux   the penguin is the o cial mascot of  inux operating system.
                Features of Linux
                                                                                of Minix operating system was freely available to all aspirants.
                   inux is network friendly, i.e., it pro ides easy accessibility to internet and to  A .  51  Benedict Torvalds, at the University of Helsinki, Finland in the year 1991. Linus developed a kernel and named
                   t is a ailable in       raphical  ser  nterface  form.
                                                                                In 1984, a Dutch professor, Andrew S. Tannenbaum developed a clone of UNIX and named it  Minix. The code
                 time.
                                                                                52
                             Information Technology and Communication
                                                                                The Linux operating system was developed by a young second year student of Computer Science, Linus
                                                                                  Touchpad Information Technology-X
              It is a way of communication that involves all types of non-verbal actions in an interactive environment.     Activity  Step 1:   lick in the area of document where image needs to be inserted.
              The message is conveyed without sound, i.e., with the use of symbols, gestures, eye contact, facial expression,
                                                                                      Inserting an Image from a file
              Non-Verbal Communication
                                                                                       o insert an image from a file:
              body language, etc.             This section contains                  Step 3:   ocate the image file.
                 Facial Expression like Anger, Fear or happiness can be used effectively.
               Types of Non-Verbal Communication  fun-based interactive task.        Step 4:   lick on  Open  button.  y default  the inserted image is centered above the paragraph that we
                                                                                       option. Insert picture  window appears on the screen.
                 Posture like relaxed body while standing builds confidence.
                                                                                     Step 2:   lick on  Insert  menu. Select   icture  option.   submenu appears on the screen.  lick on  From File
                                                                                       clicked in.
                 Gestures like raising hands can express your idea.
                 Touch like shaking hands can encourage a person.
                  Paralanguage includes tone, volume ‘oe’ speed of expressions.
                  Space should be maintained while formal or informal  communication.
                                      Communication
                  Separate your friends into groups of two and ask one person from each group to non-verbally
                      Arranging a Group Task
                  enact the word given by the another group to guess. The word can be a movie name.
                  ACTIVITY:
                 It is a way of communication in which message is conveyed in an imagery form. It can be in the form of signs,   Sneak Peek
                 pictography, films and many more. All images and symbols like traffic signals, sign boards or direction signals
                 Visual Communication                                                .   lace the cursor where we want the image to appear.
                 at malls, roads, etc. are all effective ways of expressing ideas.
                                                                                    To Insert a Picture from a File in MS Word:
                                                        Sneak Peek                   .   Insert  icture  dialog box will appear on the screen. Select the desired image file  then click
                                                                                     .  Select the  Insert  tab on the  ibbon  then click the   ictures  command.
                                                                                     on  Insert  button.  he image will appear in the document.
                                                                                 Inserting a Scanned Image
                                                        This section contains    must be installed.  he scanner must support the    IN standard.
                   Communication is a two-way exchange of information. The communication cycle involves:  19  glimpses of MS O ce.  Step 5:   lick on the  Scan  button.
                                                                                  o insert a scanned image  the scanner must be connected to the system and the scanner software drivers
                   COMMUNICATION CYCLE
                     Encoding: In verbal and visual communication, the message is converted from one system to another
                                                                                 Step 1:   lick in the document where we want to insert the scanned image.
                     Sender: Sender selects the desired medium and sends the information.
                    system in the form of codes. It is the creation of message in another form.
                                                                                 Step 2:   lick on  Insert  menu and then select   icture  option.   submenu appears on the screen.
                                                                                 Step 3:  Select the  Scan  option.   submenu  appears.  hoose  Select Source  from the sub-menu.
                                      Communication Skills
                                                                                 Step 4:   Select Source  window appears on the screen. Follow the instructions for scanning.
                                                                                              Advanced Features of Word Processor
                                                                                                         113
                                                                                     graduation, complete research work.
                       Glossary    S ub j e ct  E nr ich me nt                        Unrealistic goal: “I will complete revision of year’s syllabus in one day and get good marks.”
                                                                                       Achievable: It is breaking down a big goal into its smaller parts that will make the goal achievable. Bigger
                                                                                     Goal: “I want to become a scientist.” Breaking it into smaller goals like: complete higher secondary, complete
             1.  Anchors: It can be used to position an image in a document. An anchored item remains in place or   Glossary    Time bound goal: “I want to lose 5 kg in the next five months.”
                                                                                      Realistic: A realistic goal would be something that we want to achieve and can work towards it.
              2.  Cell Reference: A cell reference refers to a cell or a range of cells on a worksheet that can be used to
                                                                                      Realistic goal: “I spend 2 hours every day after school to revise syllabus to get good marks in the exams.”
              moves when we modify the document.
                                                                                      Not a time bound goal: “I want to reduce five kg someday.”
                                                                                      Time bound: A SMART goal should have a time-frame by when the goal needs to be achieved.
              3.  Coherence: Coherence is the quality that makes your writing understandable.  This section contains   assignments on time, without wasting time during the day.
              4.  Conservation: It means wise use of natural resources to save them and prevent their exploitation,
                                                                                    SELF-REGULATION: TIME MANAGEMENT
              find the values or data.
                                              definition  of  common
              5.  Cropping: Cropping is the process of trimming or scaling a selected portion of an image.  terms.   3. Control your actions and activities like wasting time on phone.
               6.  Database: A database is defined as an organised collection of data that can be visualised as a container
                                                                                   Time management is the ability to plan, organise, and control how you spend the hours of your day well
               destruction or extinction.
                                                                                   and do all that you want to do. It is the thinking skill that guides you to complete tasks on time, make a
                                                                                   daily timetable and try analysing how long it will take you to do something. Always submit homework and
                                                                                   Four steps to follow for effective time management are as follows:
                                                                                   1. Organise and plan your day-to-day activities.
                                                                                  2. Prioritise to do list and rank them in the order.
               7.  Data redundancy: It refers to the duplication or the repetition of data.  4. Track to identify time-wasting activities.
                of information.
               8.  Data Type: A data type defines a sort of value that a column should contain.
                                                                                    ACTIVITY:
               9.  e-Commerce: It refers to commercial online transaction that is done on internet.
                                                                                       Organising a Workshop
               10.  Entrepreneur: An entrepreneur is an individual who establishes a business for making profit. But it is   ‘Time-management’. Each group should give a lecture on the given topic.   Communication
                little realised that how entrepreneurs are serving the society and helping in the development of the
                11.  File System: It is referred as the basic structure and concise format to arrange the set of information   Recap Zone      Meditation is one of the most popular ways to relieve stress.
                                                                                   Organise a self-improvement workshop to enhance self-management skill. Make two different
                                                                                   groups of students to prepare a Presentation; Group ‘A’ on ‘Self-Control’ similarly, Group ‘B’ on
                                                                                  Recap Zone
                12.  Forms: It enables to provide a user interface for entering of data or to display intermediary information.
                 country.
                 with their names.
                13.  Franchise: A franchise is an agreement between a small business owner (franchisee) and the parent
                                                                                  responsible way.
                 In the Form, the user can add or modify data.
                 14.  Hub:  It  is  a  hardware  device  which  provides  common  connection  point  to  connect  several  devices
                                                                                  danger whether it is real or imaginary.
                                                                                      Self-management is the modus of applying and using one’s self characteristics in a righteous and
                  company (franchiser).
                 15.  Hyperlink: It is a reference to a specific location, document or webpage that the user can switch by
                                                                                     Stress is a normal, physical or mental agony that happens when someone feels threatened, upset or
                                                                                 emotions of others.
                  together in a network.
                                                                                     Self-regulation refers to self-acting or self-operating.
                                                                                     Emotional intelligence means the ability to identify and manage one’s own emotions as well as the
                                                    summary of the chapter.
                  clicking on that link.
                                                                                 timetable and try analysing how long it will take you to do something.
                                       Glossary  431  This section contains the   42      Self-motivation is defined as the force within you that drives you to do things without any influence.
                                                                                     Time management is the thinking skill that guides you to complete tasks on time, make a daily
                                                                                  Touchpad Information Technology-X
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