Page 241 - IT 402 v2.0 class 10
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This is a corollary to the previous point. For example, suppose a student wants to change his address, changes
            made to his data at central storage will have effect on all data related to him whether it is fees collection or
            result making.


            Sharing of Data
            Sharing of data means that the same data stored at one place can
            be  shared  by  multiple  users  or  different  applications.   ue  to
            sharing   it  is  possible  to  fulfill  the  data  re uirement  of  new
            applications without having to create the same data again from
            the beginning. The same data can be shared outside also, so that
            new reports or analysis could be made. Sharing of data saves cost
            and time.


                                                      Enforcement of Data Standards
                                                      In a database, access to the database is done in a standardised
                                                      and systematic manner. Standards may relate to the naming of
                                                      the data, the format of the data, report generation, structure of
                                                      the data  and so on. Standardisation of data helps in migrating
                                                      or exchanging data between different systems. It becomes more
                                                      convenient for organisations to maintain their own standards
                                                      or format for keeping their databases. Standardisation helps in
                                                      interchanging or transferring of data from one system to another.


            Ensures Data Security
            A database management system ensures that only authorised users
            are allowed to access the data in a database.  o operate  different
            users can be given separate and restricted access levels to the data in
            a database. In an organisation, some users may just be able to read
            data, while others may have the right to modify others parts of the
            data. For example, a cashier can only generate receipt from the
            database, but he cannot have right to access the data related to other
            departments like the data of purchases, etc.



                                                 Data Integrity

                                                 Data integrity implies validation of data. The database management
                                                 system ensures that only valid data can be entered into the database.
                                                 There may be certain standards laid down by an organisation, which
                                                 needs to be implemented while storing the data in the database. For
                                                 example, the validation for marks of an exam can be that the marks
                                                 should be equal to or less than the total marks. An integrity check can
                                                 be applied, so that for any data that is more than the total marks in the
                                                 test cannot be accepted in the database.





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