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NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS
        Network refers to the interconnected  groups of people,
        object,  companies or  computers. For example, the
        inter-connected telephones create a telephone network.
        A computer network is a link of two or more computers and
        computing devices which are connected together to share
        information and resources among each other. Networking
        helps the users with an access to share several hardware
        resources viz., computers, printers, servers, etc.

        Client Server Architecture and Peer-To-Peer Architecture

         here are different types of connecting setups that help in designing a network architecture  like:
          Client-Server Architecture: In many networks,  data  or  information resources are  mainly stored  in a
           centralised computer of higher configuration.  he computers which receive and share the information as
           and when required are terminals. Computers which store the data and provide resources are called servers
           and the terminals that avail the centralised resources are said to be clients. Such architecture of network is
           said as Client-Server.

          Peer-To-Peer (P2P)  Architecture: Networks,  in which all the  computers  are  connected  to  each  other
           under different topologies and where each workstation has an e ual right to access data on a network  is
           said to be peer-to-peer network.

         enefits of  et or ing
        Some of the benefits of networking are as follows:
          Data Sharing: One of the most important benefits of networking is that it enables to share data among
           networked computers irrespective of locations.

          Files Transfer:  sers can send text files  spreadsheets  documents  presentations  audio files  video files
           etc. to other users.
          Hardware Sharing:  ardware components such as printers  scanners  etc.  can also be shared. For example
           instead of purchasing printers for each user, one printer can be purchased and shared among multiple
           users, thus saving cost.
          Internet Access Sharing: You can purchase a single Internet  connection and share it among other
           computers in a network instead of purchasing multiple Internet connection for each computer. This is
           commonly found in Internet cafe, schools, colleges, companies, etc.

          Usage of network-based applications: Usage of web browsers, email clients, chat applications, audio and
           video calling features have increased due to networking.

        Types of Networks
         ased upon geographical area  networks can be divided into three broad categories:
            N                                   MAN                                      WAN

        LAN (Local Area Network)
          N is a type of network in which computers  nodes  are connected in a local unit or small geographical area
        such as o ces  departments of an organisation  etc.  he common connecting media used in   N are cables
         i-Fi  etc.   Ns are restricted in si e and are convenient to handle.


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