Page 359 - IT 402 v2.0 class 10
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Protocols
In networking, protocol is a standardiSed way of doing certain actions and formatting data so that two or
more devices are able to communicate and understand each other.
rotocols used:
For sending packets between devices on the same network: thernet
For breaking data into packet datagram:
For sending packets from network to network: I
For ensuring order-wise arrival re-assembling of packets:
For formatting data for websites and applications:
In addition to these foundational protocols, there are also protocols for routing, testing, and encryption.
Do you know?
he term acket was first coined by onald avies in 5. acket is also known as datagram.
Physical Infrastructure for Data Transfer over Internet
ifferent kinds of hardware infrastructure are used to make the Internet work for everyone. Some of the
important hardware are:
Routers: It forward packets to different computer networks based on their destination. outers are like the
tra c cops of the Internet making sure that Internet tra c goes to the right networks.
Switches: It connect devices that share a single network. hey use packet switching to forward packets to
the correct devices. They also receive outbound packets from those devices and pass them along to the
right destination.
Internet Protocols for Data Transfer over Internet
he Internet rotocol I is a protocol or set of rules for routing and addressing packets of data so that they
can travel across networks and arrive at the correct destination.
Once the packets arrive at their destination they are handled differently depending on which transport
protocol is used in combination with IP. The most common transport protocols are TCP and UDP.
TCP/IP
s the name implies I is a combination of two separate protocols: ransmission ontrol rotocol
and I Internet rotocol . I is a set of rules protocols governing communication among all computers
on the Internet.
The Internet Protocol standard dictates the logistics of packets sent out over networks; it tells packet where
to go and how to get there. IP allows any computer on the Internet to forward a packet to another computer
that’s one or more intervals closer to the packet’s recipient.
TCP is designed for reliability, not speed. Because TCP has to make sure all packets arrive in order, loading
data via TCP/IP can take longer if some packets are missing. Missing packets will be sent again if receipt is
not acknowledged.
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