Page 240 - IT 402 v2.0 class 10
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Case Study:

         et us consider a situation:   college has hundreds of students enrolled in it. It stores relevant information
        about the students and courses in corresponding files.

        For example  there could be a file for each semester within a department. If there are    departments and
        each of them has courses which last for   semesters  the  niversity will have    files to maintain the data of
        each student.  ll these files together constitute the  atabase of a college like:

                    Name             Reg_No               Dept               Course        Year_of_Study

               Cris              2002005          Electronics            . ech                   I
               Ali               2002007           io. Science          M.Sc                     II

               Summy             2002009           omputer Science       .Sc  I                  III

               Shrishti          2002010          Accounts               . om                    II
               Pranay            2002012          Chemistry              .Sc                     II

               Vipul             2002021          Auditing               . om                    II

        In modern system  searching the record of students enrolled for  .Sc  I   is as simple as typing a  uery and
        asking the computer to reply. Amazingly, the answer comes within a few seconds, whereas in an old paper-
        based system, the task takes several minutes, hours or even days.

        Advantages of Database

           database  provides  an  e cient  system  for  managing  data  and  records.   here  are  several  additional
        advantages of database like:

        Reduction in Data Redundancy

        Data redundancy refers to the duplication or the repetition of data.
        In non-database systems, each application has its own separate
        collection of files. It leads to the repetition of the stored data  thus
        resulting in wastage  of space and time. A database  provides a
        centralized control over data, i.e., all the data or the information is
        kept at one place and any application that requires relevant data can
        access it from the central location.
        Suppose in a school  the details of students exist in fee collection counter but while making the result of the
        final examination  the details of the students are again recorded.  ut if school applies database  there will be
        no need to keep or make separate data at both the places, both the departments can share the same data of
        the students from the central storage.


                                                Reduction in Data Inconsistency
                                                In a database, the stored database is consistent and remains updated.
                                                In case data of any item is changed  i.e.  when the modification is
                                                made in one portion of data, the changes are done automatically to
                                                all other portions wherever that data has been used. This process is
                                                also known as Propagating Update.



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