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This is a corollary to the previous point. For example, suppose a student wants to change his address, changes
made to his data at central storage will have effect on all data related to him whether it is fees collection or
result making.
Sharing of Data
Sharing of data means that the same data stored at one place can
be shared by multiple users or different applications. ue to
sharing it is possible to fulfill the data re uirement of new
applications without having to create the same data again from
the beginning. The same data can be shared outside also, so that
new reports or analysis could be made. Sharing of data saves cost
and time.
Enforcement of Data Standards
In a database, access to the database is done in a standardised
and systematic manner. Standards may relate to the naming of
the data, the format of the data, report generation, structure of
the data and so on. Standardisation of data helps in migrating
or exchanging data between different systems. It becomes more
convenient for organisations to maintain their own standards
or format for keeping their databases. Standardisation helps in
interchanging or transferring of data from one system to another.
Ensures Data Security
A database management system ensures that only authorised users
are allowed to access the data in a database. o operate different
users can be given separate and restricted access levels to the data in
a database. In an organisation, some users may just be able to read
data, while others may have the right to modify others parts of the
data. For example, a cashier can only generate receipt from the
database, but he cannot have right to access the data related to other
departments like the data of purchases, etc.
Data Integrity
Data integrity implies validation of data. The database management
system ensures that only valid data can be entered into the database.
There may be certain standards laid down by an organisation, which
needs to be implemented while storing the data in the database. For
example, the validation for marks of an exam can be that the marks
should be equal to or less than the total marks. An integrity check can
be applied, so that for any data that is more than the total marks in the
test cannot be accepted in the database.
Database Management 239

