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he programs that make up the operating system are:
Control Program: It controls and manages all the hardware and memory resources of the computer system. It
regulates the activities of the and allocates memory space whenever re uired. It coordinates to schedule
the data to be received or sent through input and output devices.
Supervisory Program: he supervisory program controls operations of operating system and application
programs.
Service Program: he service program enables proper interaction which provides service to the users. For
example the set of programs that help to save files and load them from s.
CLASSIFICATION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
e will now learn about various classifications of operating systems.
On the basis of Interface
On the basis of Interface Operating Systems can be classified as:
CUI (Character User Interface): In I operating system the user sends commands and instructions to
the computer in character form i.e. by typing commands at the command prompt. he display on the
screen does not contain any graphic or picture rather it contains only lines and characters. xamples are
- OS MS- OS and NI .
GUI (Graphical User Interface): In this operating system the interface is graphical i.e. the user interacts
with figures and graphs on the screen. It is basically menu or button based. user can use options of the
menu to execute different functions. I operating systems are interactive and user friendly. xamples
are indows indows ista indows indows indows . indows indows IN
edhat buntu OSS etc .
On the basis of Number of Users
On the basis of number of users Operating Systems can be classified as:
Single-user: single-user operating system provides access to a single user at a time. For example MS- OS.
Multi-user: Some operating systems allow access to two or more users to run the same programs at the
same time on a network. Some operating systems permit hundreds or even thousands of concurrent users.
For example inux nix etc.
On the basis of Processing
On the basis of rocessing Operating Systems can be classified as:
Uniprocessing: his type of operating systems allow single processing on a single processor i.e. only one
program at a time.
Multiprocessing: his type of operating system supports simultaneous processing of more than one
program.
t er lassifications
et us now learn about other classifications of operating systems.
Multitasking (Time sharing): Such operating systems allow the computer to work on more than one
application by switching among them. he switching occurs so fre uently that the user can interact with
each program conveniently.
Information Technology and Communication 49

