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MS is used to build the database and also manage the databases in different ways like:
dding new records appending
diting changing modifying the existing data
eleting removing unwanted data
Sorting arranging in an order ascending descending
Extracting the data based on queries
Updating and manipulating data items
Viewing data and generating reports
Performing calculations on it, etc.
MS allows various user application programs to simultaneously access the same database. Most popular
MSs include Oracle I M Microsoft S Server Microsoft ccess ostgreS MyS Fox ro and
S ite.
Data can be organised into two types:
Flat File: ata is stored in a single table. It is mainly suitable for less volume of data.
Relational: In relational files data is stored in multiple tables and the tables are linked using a common
field. elational is suitable for medium to large volume of data.
Database Servers
atabase servers are dedicated computers that can hold the actual databases. It can run only the MS
and its related software. Databases available on the database servers are accessed through command-line or
raphic ser Interface tools also called as Frontends. Other servers are referred to as ackends that process
the request and provide the data. These servers are based on client-server model or architecture.
N ot e s
ho governs the atabase Management S ystem
ho governs the atabase Management S
ystem
ho governs the atabase Management System
The person having the centralised control over the database system is called the Database Administrator.
The person having the centralised control over the database system is called the Database Administrator.
the database
The person having
the centralised
control
over
system is called the Database
Administrator.
management
who
who
management
is an IT expert
is an IT expert
and
the technical operations
is responsible for
the technical operations
is responsible for
and
The database
The database
The database administrator is an IT expert who is responsible for the technical operations and management
administrator
administrator
of database.
of database.
ELEMENTS OF DATABASE
Data in a MS package is generally kept in a tabular format and is organised by fields records and files.
A field represents a single type of related information; a record is a complete set of values stored under
fields whereas a file is a collection of records and the records are kept in a table.
Table: A table is a collection of logically related records. The multiple records of a database are arranged
together in a tabular structure to make a table. It is made of rows and columns.
enerally a column represents a field which contains information of a particular type whereas a row
represents records which contain information of the related fields.
Field: field represents one related part of a table. It contains the logically related data contained in a
database. For example age name address designation and phone are fields in the table given below.
Record: record is a collection of multiple data which is stored in related fields that can be treated as a single
unit. It represents the data which is entered in a set of different fields which are related to a particular item.
Database Management 241

