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Some verbs also have another sort of object, called an indirect object. An indirect object names the person for or to
whom something is done. It is usually needed with verbs like give, find, and owe. For example, with give, we need to
name both the thing that is given and the person it is given to.
Ð ÐSapna owes Sunil five thousand rupees.
Ð ÐAnuj gave me a bouquet of flowers.
Ð ÐAjay bought his dogs some more food.
1.6 pHrAse
A phrase is a group of words that stand together as a single grammatical unit, typically as part of a clause or a sentence.
A phrase does not contain a subject and a verb and, consequently, cannot convey a complete thought. A phrase
contrasts with a clause. A clause does contain a subject and a verb and can convey a complete idea.
For example: Janet eats cake daily.
(This sentence has no phrases. All parts of the sentence are single words.)
My cousin Janet eats cake daily. (Now we have a phrase. It’s a three-word phrase that functions as the subject of this
sentence. Note that the phrase itself does not contain its own subject and verb. Let’s say S for subject, O for object, V
for verb, and P for phrase.
Ð ÐThe horse [S] runs [V] at a good speed[P].
Ð ÐA lot of [P] people[S] do not sleep [V] at night[O].
Ð ÐHe[S] sacrificed [V] his life [O] for the sake[P] of his country[O].
1.6.1 Types of Phrases
There are five types of phrases:
Adverb Phrase
An adverb phrase is simply a group of two or more words that function as an adverb in a sentence. Adverb phrases
typically answer the questions of how, where, why, or when something was done. For example,
Ð ÐI parked the car here.
Ð ÐI parked the car right here.
Ð ÐI parked the car right here under the bridge.
Prepositional Phrase
A prepositional phrase is a group of words that consists of a preposition, its object (which will be a noun or a pronoun),
and any words that modify the object. For example,
Ð ÐA singer with passion.
Ð ÐA town near London.
Ð ÐKeep in time.
Ð ÐHe acts without thinking.
Adjective Phrase
An adjective phrase is a group of words that describe a noun or pronoun in a sentence. The adjective in an adjective
phrase can appear at the start, end, or in the middle of the phrase. The adjective phrase can be placed before or after
the noun or pronoun in the sentence. For example,
Ð ÐThe movie was not so terrible.
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