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Sometimes, we use a comma to indicate a  After the waiter gave me the menu,
                                      pause in a sentence.                     I ordered food.
           Comma                 ,    We can also use a comma to separate items
                                      when we are listing more than two items in   I  bought  apples,  oranges,  and
                                      a row.                                   grapes.
                                      We  use  a  question  mark  at  the  end  of  a  What is your designation?
           Question mark         ?
                                      question.                                How much is your work experience?
                                      We use an exclamation mark at the end of a   What a pleasant surprise!
           Exclamation mark      !    word or sentence to indicate a strong feeling,
                                      such as surprise, shock, or anger.       You are late!
                                      We use an apostrophe followed by an ‘s’ to  That is Divya’s desk.
                                      show that something belongs to someone.  Are these Abdul’s books?
           Apostrophe            ‘    In  informal  speech,  we  also  use  an  “Let’s go!” instead of “Let us go!”

                                      apostrophe to indicate the shortened form  “He  isn’t  here.”  instead  of  “He  is
                                      of some words.                           not here.”


        1.4.3 Basic Parts of Speech
        The different types of words we use in sentences are called parts of speech. The basic parts of speech are nouns,
        pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs.


            Parts of            What they do                     Example sentence              Example words
             speech
           Noun        Nouns  are  words  that  refer  to  a  For example, “Reema wrote a letter.” In  Dog
                       person, place, thing, or idea. They  this  sentence,  both  Reema  and  letter   India
                       are ‘naming words.’              are nouns.
                                                                                             Sanju
           Pronoun     A pronoun is a word used in place  In the second sentence, “Reema wrote a  I
                       of a noun.                       letter. She is tired.” She is used in place   They
                                                        of the noun Reema. It is a pronoun.  He

                                                                                             You
           Adjective   An  adjective  is  a  word  that  In  the  sentence,  “Reema  wrote  a  long  Small
                       describes other words.           letter.” Long is an adjective that describes   Blue
                                                        the noun ‘letter’.                   Sharp

                                                                                             Loud
           Verb        A verb is a word that shows action. In the sentence, “Reema quickly wrote a  Run
                                                        letter”, wrote is a verb. It tells us what  Eat
                                                        action Reema performed.              Think
                                                                                             Sit
           Adverb      An  adverb  is  a  word  that  adds  In the sentence, “Reema quickly wrote  Easily
                       meaning  to  a  verb,  adjective,  a letter”, quickly is an adverb. It tells us  Always
                       or  other  adverb.  It  answers  the  how Reema did the action (writing).  Inside
                       question—how.                                                         Before






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