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insidE thE sERiEs




            The key features of the series have been designed to ensure better learning, assessment and evaluation.
             Learning Resources




                                                                                      Management Development Programmes, Entrepreneurship Development Programmes, etc.
                                                                                       The institute’s main initiatives are in Training the Trainers, Entrepreneurship-cum–Skill Development Programmes,
                                                                                       4.1 ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ENTREPRENEUR
           The selected spreadsheet will open.   Notes                                undertaken to initiate, maintain, and aggrandize profit by the production and distribution of economic goods and services.”
                                                                                      The word entrepreneur comes from the French word entrependre, which means to undertake or to do something.
                                                                                      As A.H. Cole states, “Entrepreneurship is the purposeful activity of an individual or a group of associated individuals,
                                             This section contains additional        Ð  People define entrepreneurs in various ways, according to different perspectives. Some of them are:
                                                                                     with any of its uncertainties, in order to make a profit.
                                                                                      Stevenson  and  Jarillo  in  1990  defined  entrepreneurship  as  “The  process  by  which  individuals—either  on  their
                                                                                      own or inside organisations—pursue opportunities without regard to the resources they currently control”. Thus,
                                             information to enrich the subject.     Ð Ð Ð  societal progress.
                                                                                      entrepreneurship can be defined as the ability and readiness to develop, organise, and run a business enterprise, along
                                                                                      together to make a profit.
                                                                                     a desire to gain or attain something.
                                                                                     ÐAn entrepreneur, according to economists, is someone who brings resources, labour, materials, and other assets
             3.4 PERFORMING BASIC OPERATIONS IN A SPREADSHEET
             A spreadsheet allows its users to enter, edit, delete, and use data. Let us see each of these functions that a spreadsheet   ÐAn entrepreneur, according to management gurus, is a person who has a goal and creates a plan to achieve it.
                                                                                     ÐAn entrepreneur is defined by psychologists as a person who is typically driven by a psychological factor that causes
                                                                                      Do you know?
                                                                                     ÐAn entrepreneur, according to sociologists, is a person whose actions influence social status and contribute to
              1   Click on the cell where data is to be entered. Suppose the user wants to enter data in cell A8. So, click on cell A8.
             3.4.1 Entering Data in a Spreadsheet                                  Ð  4.1.1 Characteristics of Entrepreneurship
             allows us to perform.
             Entering data in a spreadsheet is very simple. To do so, follow the given steps:
                                                                                       Fran Jabara is known as the “Father of Entrepreneurship.”
                                                                                       Jean-Baptiste Say, a French economist, was the person who coined the term “entrepreneur” in about 1800.
                                                        Do  you Know?
                                                                                    organisation.
                                                                                    one’s products.
                                                                                   Ð Ð  On the basis of the above-mentioned definitions, the following are some of the characteristics of entrepreneurship:
                                                        This  section  contains    Ð  ÐEntrepreneurship  is  an  economic  activity  that  contributes  to  the  economy  by  boosting  and  utilising  resources
                                                                                    ÐIt is a financial endeavour to generate and launch a business, taking calculated risks to maintain a profit-oriented
                                                                                   efficiently.
                                                                                   ÐEntrepreneurship is an activity that begins with recognising the potential to make profits in the market and sell
                                                        a fact about the topic.   these topics? Let’s talk about it.
                    1
                                                                                  4.1.2 Entrepreneurship–Art and Science
                                                                                   ÐThis is an activity that involves risks, and the entrepreneurs are competent enough to manage those risks to make profits.
               2   Then type the data that is to be entered into the relevant cell using the keyboard.   life.  know that science as a subject is a systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and biological world
                                                                                  Students!! Do you consider entrepreneurship to be an art or a science? Is it OK to associate entrepreneurship with

                  By default, the numeric values will be right aligned and the text values will be left aligned as shown
                                                                                  We have discovered that entrepreneurs are people who are innovative and creative. They bring to life real-life solutions
                  Notes
                                                                                  and make profits economically. Similarly, artists express their human creative ability and imagination in visual forms
                                                                                  such as paintings, sculptures, and so on. They bring previously unimaginable human imaginations to life. While we
                Formulas help to perform arithmetic calculations and also execute non-arithmetic tasks. A formula consists of an operand   Therefore, we can say that entrepreneurship is the perfect pairing of art and science.
                   in the above figure.
                                                                                  through observation and experiments, likewise, an entrepreneur has to plan systematically to bring his or her ideas to
                and the operators that operate upon the data. The formula has to be expressed with the prefix “=” before the operator/data.
                Entering Formulas                                                                  Entrepreneurial Skills-IV  119
                                                            the Value set as G.
                 56  Touchpad Information Technology-XII  7   Click on OK. The output is displayed as:
                                                           6   Similarly, apply the operator AND to filter the Field Name of the student with the condition that it begins with
                                                                Lab Assignment ‘n Activity
                       Lab Assignment 'N Activity        columns. Now, perform the following operations:
                                                         Ê
                                                         Ê  ÊSort the records in ascending order of marks in English.
                                                           Create a worksheet and enter the names of your 10 friends and their marks in Hindi, English, and Math in separate
                       This section contains             Ê  ÊApply a filter to the Math column to retrieve the records of the friends who scored more than 80.
                                                         ÊSort the records in alphabetical order according the names.
                       an activity to apply the        3.9 FORMULAS
                       concepts learnt.               Formulas in Calc include the following:
                                                       One of the most useful features of a spreadsheet package is that it enables us to do calculations on the data that is kept
                                                       in cells. Calculation is done by using formulas. A formula is entered to perform mathematical operations such as addition,
                                                       subtraction, multiplication, division, etc. A “Formula entry” in a cell is a logical entry. It also includes and shows the
                                                      relationship between different cells. In Calc or Excel, a formula always starts with an equal (=), plus (+), or minus (-) sign.
                                                      82  When a specific cell is selected, the formula applied to that particular cell can be viewed in the formula bar. The
                                                        Touchpad Information Technology-XII
                                                                                             NAME
                                                                                             ADDRESS
                                                                                            CITY
                                                                                            STATE
              GLOSSARY                        Glossary                                      PINCODE
                                                                                            COUNTRY
                Application Programmers:  Application  programmers  write application  programs to interact with  the   MOBILE NUMBER
                                                                                            PHONE NUMBER
                Buyer: This table stores buyer details specified by him either at login time or during order.
                                                                                           DURATION OF BILL
              F  database.                    This section contains                        AMOUNT
                Coursera: Coursera is an online education platform with 23 million users that is dedicated to offering
              F Vendor:  This  table stores  details  about vendor of the  commodities.  It  will  store  information  such as     definition of common   TAX
                                                                                           TOTAL AMOUNT
               F  vendor_id and rating of vendor.   terms.                                 FINE LAST DATE WITH FINE
                 Candidate key: A key as described above is called candidate key of the relation.
               F  high-quality online training courses worldwide.
               F  Primary Key: One of the candidate keys may be designated as the Primary key.   3.  Implementation: Create a frontend, a backend database, and the connectivity between them.
                                                                                    features and capabilities. If bugs are detected, fix them and retest.
                F  Database Administrator (DBA): As the name implies, the DBA administers the database and the DBMS.   Ð  Recap Zone
                                                                                    4.   Test: Once the entire program has been implemented, test it with random data. Test each of the application’s
                  Motivation:  It  is said that  if a person is motivated,  it will  help him achieve  his goals and maintain
                F  Object: The question, “Who received the action?” will help to find the object. A mobile phone is an object   Ð  browser interface.
                F  in the above sentence.                                           Ð  Ð An online reservation system enables ticket booking and cancellation via the Internet.
                  Self-Confidence:  Entrepreneurs  who  are self-confident are self-assured and  at ease when  launching  a
                                                                                    Ð A web application is a software program stored on a remote server. It is available online and sent via the Internet using a web
                F  goal-oriented behaviour.                                        Ð Ð  Ð NICNET is the national satellite-based computer network.
                   Feasibility study: It is one of the most crucial steps in the procedure, and it requires the individual or his
                   team to sit, study, analyze, and estimate the market potential of their product. In simple terms, it is a
                                                                                    technology) technologies, by the government to govern for the welfare of its citizens.
                                                                                    Ð E-Governance, also known as electronic governance, refers to the use of electronic, or ICT (information and communication
                 F  business and hence succeed in it.   Recap Zone                 Ð Ð  Indian Government entities.
                                                                                    Public Grievances (DARPG) developed the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP).
                   Resourcing:  To start  a business, an entrepreneur  must have  the essential  and relevant resources. An
                                                                                   all sectors.
                                                                                    Ð In 2006, the Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DEITY) and the Department of Administrative Reforms and
                   enterprise’s essential requirements include capital, machinery, and a workforce. It is the responsibility of
                 F  method of determining whether or not the offered concept is worth pursuing.   This section contains the   Ð Ð Ð  Ð Online shopping is an e-commerce application that allows customers to buy goods over the Internet.
                                                                                   Ð India.gov.in is India’s National Portal, which provides a single point of access to information and services provided by various
                                                                                   Ð Government of India Web Directory (igod.gov.in) portal provides access to all Indian Government websites at all levels and across
                  F  an entrepreneur to ensure the timely availability of these resources.   summary of the chapter.   Ð Ð Ð  Ð Web  application  development  can  be  broadly  divided  into  four  phases:  Requirements  Definition  Phase;  Design  Phase;
                                                                                   Ð Payments for a variety of government services, including electricity, water, property tax, and income tax, can also be made online.
                                                                                   Ð A project is a task that is carried out to create an original product, service, or result.
                                                                                   Ð Online tutorials and courses assist users in learning through the use of software, video games, or lessons.
                                                                                   time frame, to produce the desired result.
                                                                                  Implementation Phase; Testing Phase.
                                                                                  Ð Project Management is the process of attaining the objectives of the project through a series of activities carried out within the
                    Touchpad Information Technology-XII                                           Operating Web-Based Applications  213
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