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Backup Your Data    ii.   Identity: There are cases where a hacker steals your personal information and assumes your identity.
 Make sure to regularly save all the important information from your computer onto another device, like a CD,   With this false identity, the hacker can gain access to your account information or perform illegal activity.
 DVD, or external hard drive. This way, if something happens to your computer, you will still have all your files     iii.  Software Piracy: It is stealing of software and using or distributing unlicensed and unauthorised copies
 safe and sound.      of a computer program or software.

 Scanning and Cleaning Viruses  b. Online Predator: These are people who trap you into inappropriate relationships. They may be older
                   people who pretend to be of your age, bullying you into doing illegal activities online.
 Protect your computer from harmful viruses by installing antivirus software. This software not only prevent
 viruses from infecting your system, but also scan and remove any viruses that may have already snuck in,   c. Internet Scams: We may receive very attractive offers saying you have won a huge amount of money in
 keeping your data safe from harm. For example, if you receive an email with a suspicious attachment, the   a lottery and you can claim the prize by depositing a certain amount of money. They gain access to your
 antivirus software will detect and quarantine the virus before it can harm your computer.  account details and misuse later.

 Increasing Computer Performance  d. Virus: These are computer programs that replicate themselves and spread to all files, once they attack a
                   computer. This makes it very difficult to remove them.
 Over  time,  your  computer  can  slow  down  due  to  the  accumulation  of  unnecessary  files  and  data.  Keep
 your  computer  running  smoothly  by  regularly  cleaning  out  these  unnecessary  files  using  Disc  cleaner
                   MALWARE
 software. By freeing up space on your hard drive, you’ll notice a significant improvement in your computer’s
 performance. Use Disc cleaning software such as CCleaner. This software will help you identify and remove   Malware refers to infectious programs that hamper the functioning of a computer system. It is an unwanted
 unnecessary files from your computer, freeing up space and improving its performance.   software which is designed to damage a computer system. Some common types of malware are virus, worms,
                 trojan horse, spyware, etc.
 Removing Spam from Your Computer
 Don’t let unwanted spam emails clutter your inbox. Take the time to regularly delete these emails and set   Virus
 up filters in your email settings to automatically redirect spam to a separate folder. This way, you can keep   A  computer  virus  is a  type  of  unwanted  computer  program/
 your inbox organised and free from annoying spam messages. Also, set up filters in your email client to   malicious software (malware) which is developed by miscreants
 automatically move spam emails to a separate folder.   with  an  intention  to  infect  the  files  of  a  computer,  corrupt  a
                 database, or hamper the functioning of a computer system.
 SESSION  4  Computer Security and Privacy
                 Symptoms of Computer Virus
 Computer security is important for keeping our digital data safe from threats like hackers, viruses, and data   When virus infects human beings, it damages the body, which
 breaches.  As  we use  technology more every day, it’s  crucial to protect  both personal and work-related   is evident  through  certain  symptoms. In the  similar manner,
 information from being accessed or damaged without permission. By using strong security measures, we can   there are certain symptoms that hint that a computer has been
 make sure that our data stays safe, private, and accessible only to those who are authorised.
                 infected by virus like:
 COMPUTER SECURITY DEALS WITH PROTECTING COMPUTERS    Slowdown: Fall in speed of processing of computer.
                   Pop-Ups: Appearance of unexpected pop-ups on the system.
 Computer security is about keeping your computer and all the information on it safe from any unauthorised
 access or loss. Computer security breaches can happen for various reasons, such as malware attack, lack of     Crash: Frequent crashing of system or BSOD (Blue Screen of Death).
 security awareness, etc.     Running Out of Storage Space: Occupying huge space of storage.
 Reasons for Security Break    Loss of File: Abrupt deletion of files on a computer system.

 Personal information can be lost or leaked in various ways, such as:    Unusual Activity of Messages or Programs: Automatic opening or closing of a program, abrupt restarting
   When we share our information on sites that are not secured.  of a computer and opening of strange or unknown windows during the process of booting.
   When a person gets unauthorised access to our computer.     Unusual Network Activity: Unusual network activity, such as excessive transfer of data, even when all the
                   applications are closed.
 THREATS
                 Worms
 Threats are the ways in which personal information can be leaked from a computer without our knowledge.
                 Worms  are computer programs or algorithms that are alien to the host computer and are designed to
 There are various threats to our computer:
                 purposely slow down the functioning of a computer. Worms replicate inside the system and thus occupy a
 a. Theft: It means stealing of information or hardware. It is of three types:  huge memory space in the storage device. Worms spread more commonly in computers that are connected
   i.   Physical: If a person steals your laptop or desktop.  to a network. Examples of worms are Linux Ballpit, Morris worm, W32/Nimda worm, Mydoom, Sasser, etc.



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