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� Chemical hazards: Employees may encounter hazardous chemicals like toxic substances, gases, vapors, and
flammable materials. Exposure to these chemicals can result in skin irritation, respiratory problems, poisoning,
and fire hazards. Proper handling, storage, and use of chemicals are critical to mitigating these risks.
� Mechanical hazards: These arise from machinery or equipment with moving parts, sharp edges, or
rotating components that can cause crushing, shearing, or entanglement injuries. Proper guarding,
training, and maintenance are essential to prevent accidents and ensure workplace safety.
� Biological hazards: Found primarily in healthcare settings, laboratories, or environments handling
organic matter, biological hazards include exposure to bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. They pose
risks such as infections or illnesses and strict adherence to hygiene and safety protocols.
� Psychosocial hazards: These hazards impact mental health and well-being and may include workplace
violence, bullying, stress, excessive workload, or lack of support. They can lead to anxiety, depression,
and other psychological issues among employees, requiring measures to promote a supportive work
environment.
� Safety hazards: Common safety hazards encompass slippery floors, falling objects, lack of safety guards
on machinery, inadequate lighting, and poorly maintained facilities. These hazards increase the likelihood
of accidents, trips, falls, and other injuries if not promptly addressed.
� Radiation hazards: Industries using ionising radiation sources such as x-rays or gamma rays face risks
like radiation burns, cancer, and genetic damage. Strict adherence to radiation safety protocols and
monitoring are essential to protect workers from these hazards.
� Fire and explosion hazards: Improper handling of flammable substances, faulty electrical systems,
combustible materials, and inadequate fire safety measures can lead to fires, explosions, and severe
injuries or fatalities. Fire safety training, fire extinguishers, and clear evacuation procedures are crucial
preventive measures.
� Electrical hazards: Issues such as faulty wiring, exposed electrical parts, improper use of electrical
appliances, or overloading circuits pose risks of electric shocks, burns, and fire hazards. Proper maintenance,
inspection, and training are essential to mitigate electrical hazards.
� Environmental hazards: Factors like poor air quality, exposure to hazardous waste, and environmental
risks associated with industrial activities can impact both worker safety and environmental health.
Compliance with environmental regulations and proactive measures are necessary to minimise these
hazards.
� Health hazards: These hazards include exposure to harmful substances like chemicals, asbestos, or
dust, which can lead to respiratory problems or skin conditions. Biological hazards, such as bacteria and
viruses, can cause infections or illnesses. Additionally, ergonomic hazards arise from poor workplace
design or repetitive motions, potentially leading to musculoskeletal disorders. To manage health hazards
effectively, employers should ensure that employees use appropriate personal protective equipment
(PPE) and follow safety protocols. Proper ventilation systems should be in place to minimise exposure to
harmful substances. Regular cleaning and sanitation can help reduce biological risks. Workstations should
be ergonomically designed to prevent strain and injury. By addressing these issues, employers can create
a healthier work environment and reduce the risk of health problems among employees.
Potential Sources of Hazards in an Organisation
Ensuring workplace safety is crucial not just for protecting employees but also for maintaining organisational
effectiveness and reputation. Hazards can lead to increased absenteeism, reduced productivity, higher
healthcare costs, and legal issues. Effective safety measures such as ergonomic workstation setups, thorough
equipment training, fostering a safety-conscious culture, and compliance with regulations are essential.
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