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Physical Barrier: It occurs due to environmental and natural conditions. The communication becomes less Remembering the acronym ‘MINTS’ can guide you on capitalisation rules. Each letter, in ‘MINTS’ signifies a
effective because the sender and the receiver are not able to see each other. For example, text messages rule for capitalising words.
are often less effective than face-to-face communication.
Punctuation
Perceptual Barrier: Messages are interpreted according to viewpoint and past experience of receiver. This can
create misunderstanding as the viewpoint of the sender might be different from that of the receiver. Punctuation plays an important role in written communication. It helps to convey meaning, structure
sentences, and clarify the relationships between words and phrases. Without punctuation, written text can be
Mechanical Barrier: This type of barrier is caused by the channel or medium itself. Channel becomes the
barrier when it is interfered by some disturbances which prevent some of the elements of the message to confusing and difficult to understand.
reach their destination. For example, sometimes the voice of a person on a phone call breaks down due to There are several types of punctuation marks, each serving a specific purpose. For example:
network problem. Here the channel is the barrier itself. Period (.) indicates the end of a sentence.
Gender Barrier: Style of communication between men and women has generated barriers. The speech Comma (,) separates items in a list, join independent clauses in a compound sentence, and set off
patterns and gender stereotypes cause gender barriers.
introductory elements.
Emotional Barrier: Emotions like fear, anger, or happiness can create misunderstanding. It could be due Question mark (?) indicates a question.
to childhood instances that hold people from expressing their views.
Exclamation mark (!) denotes strong emotions or exclamatory statements.
Attitudinal Barrier: Behaviour patterns like doubting, nagging habits, or withdrawal that distance people
Colon (:) introduces lists, explanations, or quotations.
from one another cause barriers. They all interfere in effective communication.
Semicolon (;) connects closely related independent clauses.
Measures to Overcome Barriers to Effective Communication Apostrophe (‘) shows possession or contraction.
Following are some of the measures to overcome barriers to effective communication: Proper use of punctuation is crucial for effective communication. It helps readers understand the intended
Use straightforward language. meaning, tone, and structure of written text. Therefore, mastering punctuation rules is essential for anyone
Avoid making assumptions based on culture, religion, or geography. looking to improve their writing skills.
Communicate in person whenever possible.
Basic Parts of Speech
Utilise visual aids.
Basic parts of speech are categories that describe the function of words in a sentence. They help us understand
Seek the assistance of a translator to bridge language gaps.
how words interact with each other to convey meaning. There are five primary parts of speech in English:
Respect others’ opinions.
Nouns: Words that name people, places, things, or ideas. For examples, cat, city, book, happiness, etc.
SESSION 6 Writing Skills—Parts of Speech Pronouns: Words that replace nouns to avoid repetition are called pronouns. For example, he, she, it, they,
someone, etc.
Writing skills are crucial for clear communication and expressing ideas effectively. They enhance professionalism
Verbs: Words that express actions, states, or occurrences are called verbs. For example, run, is, think,
and support academic and career success.
become, etc.
WRITING SKILLS Adjective: An adjective is a word used to modify or describe a noun or pronoun. It usually answers the
question of which one, what kind, or how many. For example, The young girl brought me a very long
Writing skills are a part of verbal communication and encompass emails, letters, notes, articles, SMS/chat, blogs, letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared.
and more. In all these types of written communication, M.I.N.T.S.
sentences are used to convey our thoughts and ideas. Months and Days Adverb: An adverb describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, but never a noun. It usually
M. answers the questions of when, where, how, why, under what conditions, or to what degree. Adverbs often
Using Capitals My birthday is on Monday, October 21st. end in ‘ly’. For example, The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she
Letter I (by itself)
Starting each sentence with a capital letter is important I. quickly disappeared.
in writing and grammar. A sentence typically begins If I go to the store, I buy ice cream. Supporting Parts of Speech
Names (of people and places)
with a capital letter. Then it continues with lowercase N.
letters except for nouns or specific instances that Carrie, who is from Kardas, would love to go to Italy. Supporting words are used to join the main parts of speech together and also to add information to the
call for capitalisation. This practice is key to ensuring T. Titles (of movies, songs, and books) sentences. Some of the supporting parts of speech types are:
easy-to-read written communication. I love the movie Up. Preposition: A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase, modifying
S. Start of Sentences another word in the sentence. The prepositional phrase always functions as an adjective or adverb.
Capitalising is easy when you remember M.I.N.T.S.
Communication Skills-II 21

