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Unit
3 ICT SKILLS-II
SESSION 1 Basic Computer Operations
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) refers to the wide range of tools and technologies
that enable us to gather, store, process, and share information electronically. These technologies include
computers, smartphones, the internet, software applications, and digital platforms.
In our daily lives, ICT plays a pivotal role by making communication faster and more convenient. We can
instantly connect with friends, family, and colleagues through email, instant messaging, social media platforms,
and video calls. This connectivity not only enhances personal relationships but also facilitates global business
transactions and collaborations.
ICT has also revolutionised how businesses operate. Companies can now use e-commerce platforms to sell
products and services globally, reach new markets, and engage with customers through digital marketing
strategies. This digital transformation has led to increased efficiency, reduced costs, and improved customer
satisfaction.
COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
A computer system is categorised into two distinct parts: Hardware and Software. Hardware encompasses
the physical and visible components of the system, including the monitor, CPU, keyboard, and mouse.
These components form the tangible machinery of the computer. In contrast, software comprises a set of
instructions that enable the hardware to perform specific tasks. It acts as the bridge between user commands
and hardware operations. For software to function correctly, it must be installed and executed on hardware.
Conversely, hardware provides the physical platform necessary for software to operate and fulfil its designated
tasks. This mutual dependence highlights their interconnectedness within a computer system. While hardware
and software work together to achieve computing objectives, they differ fundamentally in their nature and
functionality. Hardware represents the physical infrastructure, whereas software represents the logical and
operational framework that governs how hardware behaves and responds to user input.
Operating system
The Operating System (OS) is like the brain of a computer, it starts
working the moment you turn on the machine and allows you to interact
with it through the desktop on your screen. For desktops and laptops,
common OS choices include Ubuntu, Microsoft Windows, and macOS,
each offering unique features and interfaces.
The operating system is crucial for computers as it acts as a mediator
between the hardware, software, and users. This interface can be graphical,
such as the desktop environment, or command-line-based, where users
enter text commands to execute tasks.
ICT Skills-II 45

